RU2397829C1 - Procedure for processing industrial wastes into building material - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: metallurgy.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to processing wastes of galvanic, acetylene, and metal treatment productions. The procedure consists in utilisation of galvanic slime, carbide sludge and metal sand of shot-blast installations. The procedure includes thermal and mechanical treatment of galvanic slime and carbide sludge and selection of metal sand of the shot-blast installations by sifting it through a sieve with diametres of cells not more, than 1-2 mm. Also the procedure includes preparation of moulding mixture out of carbide sludge and galvanic slime at their moisture content 15-20%, metal sand and fillers in form of river sand with dolomite and cement C300. The procedure is carried on at wt % ratio: galvanic slime 20-40, carbide sludge 5-15, metal sand 10-25, river sand with dolomite 20-30, and cement C300 20-30. The procedure includes forming mixture by extrusion through a draw plate and final thermal treatment of extrudate.

EFFECT: expanded utilisation of wastes of various industrial productions, improved process, upgraded quality of moulding mixture and building material.

1 tbl, 2 ex, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a method for processing wastes from galvanic, acetylene, metalworking industries with the aim of recycling these wastes and obtaining building materials, for example paving slabs, cladding panels and others.

A known system for the production of refractory products from aluminosilicate raw materials, containing areas for the preparation of the components of the mixture and the phosphate binder, mixing and forming semi-finished products with subsequent heat treatment, RU No. 79886 U1, C04B 18/00, C04B 22/00, 2009.01.20.

A device for producing building materials from a mixture of industrial waste with additives of bitumen, organic and mineral fillers, containing a waste storage device, a screw mixer, a heater, RU No. 67019 U1, B29C 33/02, B09B 3/00, 2007.10.10.

A known method of disposal of magnesium-containing solid waste in the form of solid magnesium-containing slag by grinding them in ball mills, RU No. 2339464 C1, B09B 3/00, С04В 9/02, 2008.11.27; RU No. 23394651 C1, B09B 3/00, С04В 28/00, 2008.11.27.

A known method of preparing galvanic sludge for disposal and processing, including mixing galvanic sludge with peat in the reactor with the addition of lime, RU No. 2219261 C1, C22B 7/00, 2003.12.20.

A known method of processing metal-containing waste, including mixing it with a binder, forming a mixture using an extruder and heat treatment, RU No. 2083694 C1, C22B 1/243, 1997.07.10.

A known method of thermal processing of metal-containing waste, including dehydration by thermal drying, grinding and calcination, RU No. 2078061 C1, C02F 11/12, 1997.04.27.

A known method of disposal of sludge-oil waste of metal processing industries, including mixing waste with sand and heat treatment of the mixture, RU No. 213648 C1, B09B 3/00, С04В 18/04, 1999.07.27.

A known method of producing coal briquettes, comprising mixing a mixture of coal sludge with additives, briquetting and subsequent heat treatment, RU No. 2078794 C1, C10L 5/20, 1997.05.10.

A known method of producing fuel briquettes, which consists in processing high-moisture products by mixing them with cement during subsequent heat treatment, RU No. 2227803 C1, C10L 5/06, 2004.04.27.

A known method of producing fuel briquettes, including the moistening of processed products, pressing on a hydraulic press and heat treatment, RU No. 22254360 C1, C10L 5/22, 2005.06.20.

The phenomenon of self-structuring in briquettes of solid materials is known, which consists in the fact that when mixing and molding the processed products with an active binder, complex fluid systems arise, consisting of internal moisture, the binder dissolved in it, mineral components and organic particles of the mixture, which are in the process of compaction during molding, they migrate to the center of the briquette, continuously enriching with the solid phase of the processing material dissolved and involved in them, and with subsequent heat treatment, the resulting of material, intense fluid systems migrate from the center to the periphery, which, as a result of temperature destruction and adsorption of the components of these systems on the surface of carbon-containing particles, is accompanied by the cyclical precipitation of a solid phase at levels radially located relative to the center, providing additional reinforcement and hardening of the briquette, Yu.A .Nifontov, Yu.V. Shuvalov, A.A. Benin "The phenomenon of self-structuring during briquetting of carbon-containing solid materials with active finely dispersed m binder ", V.V. Pototsky. Registration of scientific discoveries (Methodology and practice). - M .: MAANOI, 2004.S. 249-250.

A known method of utilization of galvanic sludge, including heat treatment of galvanic sludge in a drying chamber, mechanical processing of galvanic sludge in a grinder, preparation of a mixture of crushed galvanic sludge using fillers in a mixer, molding the mixture by extrusion through a die and final heat treatment of the extrudate, RU No. 21252 C1, B01J 23/70, 2000.07.10.

This technical solution was adopted as the "closest analogue" of the present invention.

In the “closest analogue”, the possibilities of processing industrial waste are limited to the utilization of only galvanic waste.

The present invention is based on the solution of the problem, which allows to expand the possibilities of recycling various industrial industries, improve the process and improve the quality of the molding mixture and building material as a whole.

According to the invention, this problem is solved due to the fact that the method of processing industrial waste into building material consists in utilization of galvanic sludge, including heat treatment of galvanic sludge in a drying chamber, mechanical processing of galvanic sludge in a grinder, preparation of a molding mixture of crushed galvanic sludge in a mixer using fillers, molding the mixture by extrusion through a die and final heat treatment of the extrudate.

The method comprises recycling acetylene and metal processing wastes in the form of carbide sludge and metal sand of shot blasting machines, respectively, includes thermal and mechanical processing of carbide sludge similar to galvanic sludge and selecting metal sand of shot blasting plants by sifting it through a sieve with a mesh diameter of not more than 1-2 mm, preparation of the molding mixture from carbide sludge and galvanic sludge with a moisture content of 15-20%, metal sand and fillers in the form of river sand dolomite and C300 cement, which is conducted at a wt% ratio.:

Galvanic sludge 20-40 Carbide sludge 5-15 Metal sand 10-25 River sand with dolomite 20-30 Cement C300 20-30.

The applicant has not identified sources containing information about technical solutions identical to the present invention, which allows us to conclude that it meets the criterion of "novelty."

Due to the implementation of the distinguishing features of the invention (together with the features indicated in the restrictive part of the formula), important new properties of the object are achieved.

The implementation of the method includes the processing of waste galvanic, acetylene, metal processing industries, which expands the possibility of recycling industrial waste of various industries.

Carrying out thermal and mechanical treatments improves the processing process during the implementation of the method.

Carrying out heat treatment of galvanic sludge and carbide sludge to a certain moisture content and subsequent grinding improve the technological process of mixture formation and its extrusion.

The formation of a mixture of galvanic sludge and carbide sludge affects the structuring of building material.

The use of river sand with dolomite and C300 cement as fillers influences the process of obtaining the molding mixture and its quality.

Introduction to the composition of the molding mixture of metal sand and cement C300 increases the strength characteristics of the building material.

The choice of optimal ratios of the components for the preparation of the molding mixture improves the quality of the building material.

The use of galvanic sludge and carbide sludge during processing has an effect on the self-structuring process during mixing and pressure molding of processed products, which improves the quality of the building material.

The applicant is not aware of any publications that would contain information on the influence of the distinguishing features of the invention on the achieved technical result. In this regard, according to the applicant, it can be concluded that the claimed technical solution meets the criterion of "inventive step".

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which shows a diagram of a technological line for processing industrial waste.

The technological line includes:

Drying chamber of galvanic sludge - 1,

chopper of galvanic sludge - 2.

Carbide sludge drying chamber - 3,

carbide sludge shredder - 4.

Sieve - 5.

Capacity for filler (in the form of cement) - 6.

Capacity for the filler (in the form of river sand with dolomite) - 7.

Mortar mixer - 8.

Extruder - 9.

Extrudate Dryer - 10.

The method is as follows.

The method includes processing waste from galvanic, acetylene, metalworking industries.

Galvanic sludge with a moisture content of 60-70%, as a waste of galvanic production, is fed into the drying chamber 1 for heat treatment at a temperature of 110-120 ° C to a moisture content of 15-20%. Galvanic sludge is crushed in a grinder 2.

Carbide sludge with a moisture content of 70-80%, as a waste of acetylene production, is fed into the drying chamber 3 for heat treatment at a temperature of 110-120 ° C to a moisture content of 15-20%, similar to a galvanic sludge. Carbide sludge is ground in a grinder 4.

Metal sand of shot blasting plants, as a waste of metalworking production, is fed to a sieve 5 with a mesh diameter of not more than 1-2 mm to screen metal sand and use it in preparing the molding sand.

The crushed galvanic sludge and carbide sludge, metal sand and fillers in the form of cement and river sand with dolomite using batchers (not shown) are loaded into the mixer 8 for molding the mixture. Cement is used with grades - C300 cement.

The preparation of the molding sand in the mixer 8 is carried out at optimal wt.% Ratios of the components: galvanic sludge 20-40, carbide sludge 5-15, metal sand 10-25, river sand with dolomite 20-30, cement C300 20-30.

The mixture is formed by extrusion through a die in the extruder 9.

The extrudate undergoes final heat treatment in the drying device 10.

Any screw extruder can be selected as an extruder, and the shape of the die determines the purpose of the building material products.

As drying chambers of galvanic sludge and carbide sludge, any drying chambers of a similar purpose, determined by the productivity of the processing line, can be used.

As the grinders, sieves, mixer of the molding sand, drying device of the extrudate can be used any known types of appropriate purposes.

Example 1

Obtaining building material in the form of paving slabs.

Galvanic sludge with a moisture content of 70% is fed into the drying chamber 1 and heat treatment is carried out at a temperature of 120 ° C to a moisture content of 20%. Galvanic sludge is crushed in a grinder 2 (the shape and size of the particles are arbitrary) and fed to the mixer of the molding mixture 8 in an amount of 40 wt.%.

Carbide sludge with a humidity of 80% is fed into the drying chamber 3 and heat treatment is carried out at a temperature of 120 ° C to a moisture content of 20%. Carbide sludge is ground in a grinder 4 (the shape and size of the particles are arbitrary) and fed to the mixer of the molding mixture 8 in an amount of 15 wt.%.

Metal sand in an amount of 25 wt.% Served in the mixer of the molding mixture 8 after sifting metal sand shot blasting plants on a sieve 5.

As a filler, river sand with dolomite is used and fed to the mixer of molding sand 8 in an amount of 30 wt.%.

As a filler, cement C300 is used and fed into the mixer of molding sand 8 in an amount of 30 wt.%.

The molding of the mixture is carried out by extrusion through a die in the extruder 9. The die corresponds to the size of the paving slabs.

Paving slabs are heat treated in a drying device 10. Then it is cooled and transported.

Example 2

Obtaining building material in the form of a facing panel.

Galvanic sludge with a moisture content of 60% is fed into the drying chamber 1 and heat treatment is carried out at a temperature of 110 ° C to a moisture content of 15%. Galvanic sludge is crushed in a grinder 2 (the shape and size of the particles are arbitrary) and fed into the mixer of the molding mixture 8 in an amount of 20 wt.%.

Carbide sludge with a moisture content of 70% is fed into the drying chamber 3 and heat treatment is carried out at a temperature of 110 ° C to a moisture content of 15%. Carbide sludge is ground in a grinder 4 (the shape and size of the particles are arbitrary) and fed into the mixer of the molding mixture 8 in an amount of 5 wt.%.

Metal sand in an amount of 10 wt.% Served in the mixer of the molding mixture 8 after sifting metal sand shot blasting plants on a sieve 5.

As a filler, river sand with dolomite is used and fed to the mixer of molding sand 8 in an amount of 20 wt.%.

As a filler, cement C300 is used and fed to the mixer of molding sand 8 in an amount of 20 wt.%.

The mixture is formed by extrusion through a die in the extruder 9. The die corresponds to the size of the facing panels.

The cladding panels are heat treated in the drying device 10. Then it is cooled and transported.

The use of wt.% Components in obtaining the molding sand according to examples 1 and 2 is optimal.

The use of galvanic sludge and carbide sludge during processing has an effect on the quality of the building material, since the process of mechanical and chemical processing of these wastes affects the self-structuring of the resulting building material.

A test of the compressive strength of prototypes of the building material was carried out. The test was conducted on a P-125 press. The test data are shown in the table.

Determination of the compressive strength of building material samples Sample No. Cross section, mm Maximum load, kg Tensile strength, MPa one 59-89 14000 26.6 2 59-93 14000 25.5 3 60-100 13800 23.0 Average value 25.0

A method of processing waste from galvanic, acetylene, metalworking industries, using well-known fillers, obtaining a molding sand, extruding and obtaining building material using widely known equipment confirm the feasibility of processing industrial waste and determine, according to the applicant, the proposed method meets the criterion of "industrial applicability" .

Using the proposed method allows you to:

- expand the possibilities of disposal of waste from various industrial enterprises,

- improve the process,

- improve the quality of the molding sand and building material as a whole.

Claims (1)

A method of processing industrial waste into building material, which consists in the disposal of galvanic sludge, including heat treatment of galvanic sludge in a drying chamber, the mechanical treatment of galvanic sludge in a grinder, the preparation of a molding mixture of crushed galvanic sludge using fillers in a mixer, molding the mixture by extrusion through a die and final heat treatment of the extrudate, characterized in that the method comprises the disposal of acetylene waste and metal processing industries in the form of carbide sludge and metal sand of shot blasting machines, respectively, includes thermal and mechanical processing of carbide sludge, similar to galvanic sludge, and the selection of metal sand of shot blasting plants by sieving it through a sieve with a mesh diameter of not more than 1-2 mm, preparing a molding mixtures of carbide sludge and galvanic sludge with a moisture content of 15-20%, metal sand and fillers in the form of river sand with dolomite and C300 cement, which and the weight% ratio.:
Galvanic sludge 20-40 Carbide sludge 5-15 Metal sand 10-25 River sand with dolomite 20-30 Cement C300 20-30

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