RU2397548C2 - System for radiotelephone messages on highways - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio engineering.

SUBSTANCE: first radio transmitter and radio receiver are installed at railway crossing. The second radio transmitter and radio receiver are installed on locomotive. The first radio transmitter consists of high frequency generator, source of digital messages, phase manipulator, heterodyne oscillator, mixer, power amplifier and amplifier of the third intermediate frequency. The first radio receiver includes power amplifier, heterodyne oscillator, mixer, amplifier of the second intermediate frequency, multiplier, band-pass filter, phase detector, memory block, comparing unit of codes, two actuating units, audio warning device and indicating light. The second radio transmitter includes microprocessor, high frequency generator, tapped delay line, phase inverters, adders, telegraph key, heterodyne oscillator, mixer, amplifier of the first intermediate frequency, and power amplifier. The second radio receiver includes power amplifier, heterodyne oscillator, mixer, amplifier of the second intermediate frequency, multiplier, band-pass filter, phase detector and recording and analysis unit. At railway crossing and on locomotive there are also transceiving antennae and duplexers. In the system there established is duplex radio communication between locomotive and railway crossing by using two frequencies and compound signals with phase manipulation.

EFFECT: increasing safety at railway crossings.

Description

The proposed system relates to means of ensuring safety, protection and rescue of a person in traffic on large highways and at level crossings.

Known systems for highways and automatic railroad crossing fencing (author's certificate. USSR No. 1,342.796, 1.592.206, 1.796.521, 1.801.849; RF patents No. 2.090.777, 2.137.644, 2.183.351, 2.319 .212; U.S. Patent Nos. 4,753.895, 4.816.893 and others).

Of the known systems closest to the proposed one is the "System for radiotelephone communications on highways" (RF patent No. 2.319.212, G08B 25/12, 2006), which is selected as a prototype.

The known system provides the transmission of complex signals with phase shift keying from a locomotive to a railway crossing, where sound and light alarms are activated, warning about the approach of a train, i.e. simplex radio communication is implemented.

A large number of railway accidents with severe consequences occur precisely at level crossings. One of the main reasons is not enough to warn that a train is approaching. It is also necessary to inform the train driver about an emergency at the railway crossing in order to avoid an accident, i.e. duplex radio communication required.

An object of the invention is to increase safety at level crossings by establishing duplex radio communications between a locomotive and a level crossing using two frequencies ω ₁ and ω ₂ and complex signals with phase shift keying.

The problem is solved in that a system for radiotelephone communications on motorways, using solar energy to power the first radio transmitter in the daytime and at night, and consisting of a multi-cell panel of solar paraboloid concentrators, the foci of which are gallium arsenide photodetectors that can convert concentrated solar energy with efficiency up to 20% and with a specific power of 200 W / m ^2, on each side of the solar batteries are installed in cylindrical reflectors photodiodes, I have the ability to orient the battery in the sun using selsyn with an accuracy of ± 2 °, and the battery itself is placed in a sealed transparent hemisphere, on top of which there is a whip antenna connected to a box in which the alkaline buffer battery, the first radio transmitter, microphones and call buttons are placed, while the boxes are attached to the dividing barrier of the highway at a distance of 0.8 ... 1 km from each other, the second radio transmitter mounted on the locomotive is made in the form of series-connected microprocessors, the first about a high-frequency generator and a multi-tap delay line, the code taps of which through phase inverters that provide 180 ° phase rotation at their outputs in accordance with an identification code are connected to an adder, the first input of which is connected to the output of the first high-frequency generator, and the telegraph output is connected the key, the second input of which is connected to the second output of the microprocess, the second radio transmitter also contains a first power amplifier, a first radio receiver mounted in a box that is attached to the split The roadway barrier in the immediate vicinity of the level crossing is made in the form of a series-connected first mixer, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first local oscillator, and a first amplifier of the second intermediate frequency, series-connected first phase detector and code comparison unit, the second input of which is connected to the output a memory unit, and the output is connected to the first and second actuating units, sound and light signaling devices, the first radio receiver also contains the first the uplexer, the input-output of which is connected to the first transceiver antenna, differs from the closest analogue in that it is equipped with a second duplexer, a second transceiver antenna, a second radio receiver mounted on a locomotive, a second radio transmitter equipped with a second local oscillator, a second mixer and an amplifier of the first intermediate frequency, moreover the second mixer, the second input of which is connected to the output of the second local oscillator, an amplifier of the first intermediate frequency and the first a power amplifier, the output of which is connected to the input of the second duplexer, the input-output of which is connected to the second transceiver antenna, the second radio receiver is made in the form of a second power amplifier, a third mixer, the second input of which is connected to the output of the third local oscillator, of the second amplifier, connected in series to the output of the second duplexer the second intermediate frequency, the first multiplier, the second input of which is connected to the output of the second local oscillator, the first bandpass filter, the second phase detector, the second input for which it is connected to the output of the third local oscillator, and the recording and analysis unit, the first radio transmitter is made in the form of series-connected second high-frequency generator, phase manipulator, the second input of which is connected to the output of the digital message source, the fourth mixer, the second input of which is connected to the output of the fourth local oscillator the amplifier of the third intermediate frequency and the fourth power amplifier, the output of which is connected to the input of the first duplexer, the first radio receiver is equipped with a third amplifier sensitivity, the second multiplier and the second bandpass filter, and the output of the first duplexer through the third power amplifier is connected to the first input of the first mixer, the second multiplier is connected to the output of the first amplifier of the second intermediate frequency, the second input of which is connected to the output of the fourth local oscillator, and the second bandpass filter, whose output is connected to a first input of said first phase detector to the second input of which is connected the output of the first local oscillator frequency LO ω _d1 and ω _r2 spaced receptacle chenie second intermediate frequency ω _z2 -ω _d1 = ω _np2, the second radio transmitter mounted on the locomotive emits complex signals with a phase shift keying at the frequency ω ₁ = ω _r2, and a second receiver, mounted on the locomotive receives complex signals with a phase shift keying in the frequency ω ₂ = ω _r1, the first transmitter mounted on a railway crossing, the complex emits signals with phase shift keying, on the contrary, at frequency ω _2, and the first radio set at a railway crossing, receives signals from phase complex m nipulyatsiey at frequency ω _1.

A general view of the proposed SOS system is shown in figure 1. A structural diagram of a second radio transmitter 40 and a second radio receiver 49 mounted on a locomotive is shown in FIG. 2. The structural diagram of the first radio transmitter 21 and the first radio receiver 35, mounted in a box at a railway crossing, is shown in Fig.3. A frequency diagram explaining signal conversion is shown in FIG. 4.

The second radio transmitter 40 contains a microprocessor 13 connected in series, a first high-frequency generator 14 and a multi-tap delay line 15.i (i = 1, 2, ..., n), whose code taps through phase inverters 16.j (j = 1, 2, ..., m) that provide 180 ° phase rotation at their outputs in accordance with identification code M ₁ (t), are connected to the adder 17, the first input of which is connected to the output of the high-frequency generator 14, and the telegraph key 18, the second input are connected in series which is connected to the second output of the microprocessor 13, the second a mixer 37, the second input of which is connected to the output of the second local oscillator 36, an amplifier 38 of the first intermediate frequency and a first power amplifier 19, the output of which is connected to the input of the second duplexer 39, the input-output of which is connected to the second transceiver antenna 20.

The second radio 49 contains a second power amplifier 41, a third mixer 43, the second input of which is connected to the output of the third local oscillator 42, a second amplifier 44 of the second intermediate frequency, and a first multiplier 45, the second input of which is connected to the output of the second local oscillator 36, serially connected to the output of the second duplexer 39 , a first bandpass filter 46, a second phase detector 47, the second input of which is connected to the output of the third local oscillator 42, and a recording and analysis unit 48.

The first radio transmitter 21 includes a second high-frequency generator 53, a phase manipulator 55, the second input of which is connected to the output of the digital message source 54, a fourth mixer 57, the second input of which is connected to the output of the fourth local oscillator 56, an amplifier 58 of the third intermediate frequency and a fourth amplifier 59 power, the output of which is connected to the input of the first duplexer 22, the input-output of which is connected with the first transceiver antenna 11.

The first radio receiver 35 includes a third power amplifier 50, a first mixer 24, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first local oscillator 23, a first amplifier 25 of the second intermediate frequency, and a second multiplier 51, the second input of which is connected to the output of the fourth local oscillator 56, which is connected in series to the output of the first duplexer 22 , a second bandpass filter 52, a first phase detector 27, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first local oscillator 23, and a code comparison unit 29, the second input of which is connected to the output of the memory unit 28, and the output d is connected to the first 30 and second 31 actuating units, sound 33 and light 34 signaling devices. Sound 33 and light 34 signaling devices are placed on the signal panel 32, which is installed at the railway crossing so that the closest participant in the movement could at any time notice it before leaving the railway tracks.

The frequencies ω _g1 and ω _g2 local oscillators are spaced by the value of the second intermediate frequency ω _CR2 :

w _{r1 r2} -ω = ω _WP2.

The second radio transmitter 40 emits complex signals with phase shift keying at a frequency of ω ₁ = ω _g2 . The second radio 49 receives complex signals with phase shift keying at a frequency of ω ₂ = ω _g1 . The first radio transmitter 21 emits complex signals with phase shift keying, on the contrary, at a frequency of ω ₂ . The first radio receiver 35 receives complex signals with phase shift keying at a frequency of ω ₁ .

The solar battery 1 is a set of solar paraboloidal optical concentrators 2 focused on gallium arsenide converters located on the rear side of the strips 3. For azimuthal-zenith orientation, photodiodes 4 with reflectors 5 are installed on the sides of the battery, controlling selsyn 6.

The battery is installed in a sealed transparent hemispherical cap 7 on a sealed box 8, inside of which there is a buffer alkaline battery, a radio transmitter 21, a duplexer 22 and a radio receiver 35, and microphones 9 and call buttons 10 are placed on the opposite walls of the box. A pin transceiver antenna 11 is installed in the upper part hemispheres, and the entire system is fixed to the dividing barrier 12 of the highway in the immediate vicinity of the railway crossing.

The system operates as follows.

When a traffic accident occurs, its participants press the button 10 and through the microphone 9 inform the call center about the details of what happened.

During the day, the solar battery is oriented to the sun (or the most illuminated part of the sky) using photodiodes 4 with reflectors 5, which, on the basis of reaching the equal-signal zone, control selsyn 6. At the same time, the buffer battery is recharged for nighttime operation.

When the locomotive approaches the railway crossing at a distance of R _{1, the} microprocessor 13 includes a radio transmitter and a high-frequency generator 14, which generates a radio pulse:

U _C (t) = υ _c Cos (ω _c t + φ _c ), 0≤t≤τ _N ,

where υ _c , ω _c , φ _s , τ _N is the amplitude, carrier frequency, initial phase, and duration of the radio pulse.

The generated pulse from the output of the high-frequency generator 14 is fed to the first input of the adder 17 and to the input of the multi-tap delay line 15.i (i = 1, 2, ..., n). In the multi-tap delay line 15.i, the delay time between the nearest adjacent taps is equal to the duration of the radio pulse (τ _i = τ _N , i = 1, 2, ..., n). In some taps of the delay line, phase inverters 16.j (j = 1, 2, ..., m) are included, which provide 180 ° phase rotation at their outputs in accordance with the identification code M ₁ (t). The output of the adder 17 produces a complex phase-shift (PSK) radio signal in the form of the algebraic sum of the radio pulses from all taps of the delay line 15.i (i = 1, 2, ..., n) and from the output of the high-frequency generator 14:

U ₁ (t) = υ _c · Cos [ω _c t + φ _k1 (t) + φ _c ], 0≤t≤T _C1 ,

where φ _k1 (t) = {0, π} is the manipulated phase component that displays the phase manipulation law in accordance with the modulating code M ₁ (t), and φ _k1 (t) = const for k · τ _and <t <(to +1) · τ _and u can change abruptly at t = k · τ _and , i.e. at the boundaries between elementary premises (radio pulse) (k = 1, 2, ..., n);

τ _and , n are the duration and number of elementary radio pulses from which the signal of duration T _C1 (T _C1 = τ _and · n) is composed.

This signal is fed to the first input of the second mixer 37, to the second input of which the voltage of the second local oscillator 36 is applied:

U _g1 (t) = υ _g1 · Cos (ω _g1 t + φ _g1 ).

The output of the mixer 37 is formed voltage Raman frequencies. The amplifier 38 is allocated the voltage of the first intermediate (total) frequency:

U _CR1 (t) = υ _CR1 · Cos [ω _CR1 t + φ _k1 (t) + φ _CR1 ], 0≤t≤T _C1 ,

where υ _pr1 = 1 / 2υ _c1 · υ _g1 ;

ω _pr1 = ω _s + ω _g1 - the first intermediate (total) frequency;

ω _pr1 = ω _c1 + ω _g1 .

This voltage after amplification in the power amplifier 19 through the duplexer 39 enters the transceiver antenna 20, is radiated by it at a frequency ω ₁ = ω _pr1 , is captured by the transceiver antenna 11 and through the duplexer 22 and the power amplifier 50 is supplied to the first input of the mixer 24, to the second the input of which a voltage U _Г1 (t) of the local oscillator 23 is supplied. At the output of the mixer 24, voltage of combination frequencies is generated. The amplifier 25 is allocated the voltage of the second intermediate (differential) frequency:

U _CR2 (t) = υ _CR2 · Cos [ω _CR2 t + φ _k1 (t) + φ _CR2 ], 0≤t≤T _C1 ,

where υ _pr2 = 1 / 2υ _pr1 · υ _g1 ;

_np2 ω = ω + ω _{r1 pr1} - second intermediate (difference) frequency;

which is fed to the first input of the multiplier 51. The voltage of the local oscillator 56 is supplied to the second input of the multiplier 51:

U _g2 (t) = υ _g2 · Cos (ω _g2 t + φ _g2 ).

The output of the multiplier 52 produces a voltage:

U ₂ (t) = υ ₂ · Cos [ω _g1 t + φ _k1 (t) + φ _g1 ], 0≤t≤T _C1 ,

where υ ₂ = 1 / 2υ _{np2, r2} · υ;

which is allocated by the band-pass filter 52 and supplied to the first (information) input of the phase detector 27, the voltage U _g1 (t) of the local oscillator 23 is supplied to the second (reference) input. At the output of the phase detector 27, a low-frequency voltage is emitted:

U _Н1 (t) = υ _{н1 Cosφ k1} (t), 0≤t≤T _C1 ,

where υ _n1 = 1 / 2υ ₂ · υ _g1 ;

proportional to the modulating code M ₁ (t). This voltage is supplied to the first input of the code comparison unit 29, the second input of which is supplied with a modulating code M ₁ (t), previously recorded in the memory unit 28. Since identical codes are received at the two inputs of the code comparison unit 29, a constant control voltage is generated at its output, which is supplied to the control inputs of the two executive units 30 and 31, the sound 33 and the light 34 of the signaling devices.

Executive blocks 30 and 31 are triggered and provide the lowering of two barriers that prevent traffic from two sides through the railway crossing.

Sound 33 and light 34 signaling devices are triggered and inform about the approach to the level crossing of the locomotive.

To increase the reliability of receiving the QPSK signal, the latter is duplicated several times with an interval, for example, of 5 seconds. This is provided by a microprocessor 13, which closes the circuit of the telegraph key 18 at the same time interval. In this case, the sound 33 and light 34 signaling devices operate in flashing mode with a period of repetition T _SL = 5 seconds.

When the locomotive reaches the second line of R ₂ (critical), the microprocessor 13 closes the circuit of the telegraph key 18 shortly. With a short-circuited circuit of the telegraph key 18, sound 33 and light 34, the signaling devices send continuous sound and light signals into space.

When following a locomotive through a railway crossing, barriers rise, and sound 33 and light 34 signaling devices stop their work.

When the locomotive approaches the next railway crossing, the system works in a similar way.

If an emergency occurs at the level crossing, for example, the engine of a vehicle crossing the level crossing has stalled, the high-frequency generator 53 is turned on, which generates harmonic oscillation:

U _C2 (t) = υ _c2 · Cos (ω _c t + φ _s2], 0≤t≤T _C2,

which is fed to the first input of the phase manipulator 55, to the second input of which a modulating code M ₂ (t) is supplied from the output of the digital message source 54. This code contains information about the emergency situation at the railway crossing. The output of the phase manipulator 55 produces a complex signal with phase manipulation:

U ₃ (t) = υ _c2 · Cos [ω _{c t + φ k2 (t) +} φ _s2], 0≤t≤T _c2

where φ _k2 (t) = {0, π} is the manipulated component of the phase that displays the law of phase manipulation in accordance with the modulating code M ₂ (t);

which is supplied to the first input of the mixer 57, to the second input of which the voltage U _Г2 (t) of the local oscillator 56 is applied. At the output of the mixer 57, the frequencies of the combination frequencies are generated. The amplifier 58 is allocated the voltage of the third intermediate (differential) frequency:

U _CR3 (t) = υ _CR3 · Cos [ω _CR3 t + φ _k2 (t) + φ _CR3 ], 0≤t≤T _c2 ,

where υ _pr3 = ½ · υ _c2 · υ _g2 ;

_PR3 ω = ω _z2 -ω _with - third intermediate (cumulative) frequency;

_PR3 cp = φ _r2 + φ _s2.

This voltage after amplification in the power amplifier 59 through the duplexer 22 enters the transceiver antenna 11, is radiated by it at a frequency ω ₂ = ω _CR3 , is captured by the transceiver antenna 20 and through the duplexer 39 and the power amplifier 41 is supplied to the first input of the mixer 43. To the second the input of the mixer 43 is supplied with a voltage U _Г2 (t) of the local oscillator 42. At the output of the mixer 43, voltages of combination frequencies are generated. The amplifier 44 is allocated the voltage of the second intermediate frequency:

U _CR4 (t) = υ _CR4 · Cos [ω _CR2 t + φ _k2 (t) + φ _CR4 ], 0≤t≤T _c2 ,

_WP4 where v = ½ · υ _PR3 · v _r2;

_np2 ω = ω + ω _{z2 PR3} - second intermediate (cumulative) frequency;

_WP4 φ = φ + φ _{r2 PR3,}

which is supplied to the first input of the multiplier 45, the second input of which is supplied with the voltage U _Г1 (t) of the local oscillator 36. A voltage is generated at the output of the multiplier 45

₄ U (t) = υ ₄ · Cos [ω _{r2 t + φ k2 (t) +} φ _r2], 0≤t≤T _c2

where υ ₄ = ½ · υ _pr4 · υ _g1 ;

ω = ω _{z2 np2} + ω _r1;

which is allocated by the band-pass filter 46 and fed to the first (information) input of the phase detector 47. The voltage U _Г2 (t) of the local oscillator 42 is applied to the second (reference) input of the phase detector 47. At the output of the phase detector 47, a low-frequency voltage is generated:

U _H2 (t) = υ _2n · Cosφ _k2 (t), 0≤t≤T _c2

where υ _Н2 = ½ · υ ₄ · υ _g2 ;

proportional to the modulating code M ₂ (t), which is input to the block 48 of the registration and analysis. Thus, the locomotive driver quickly receives information about the emergency at the railway crossing and takes measures to prevent a catastrophe.

The proposed system provides timely warning of the approach of the train to the railway crossing. For warning, a signal panel 32 is used with sound and light signaling, which is mounted at a railway crossing so that an approaching traffic participant can notice it at any time before entering railway tracks.

Thus, the proposed system in comparison with the prototype provides increased safety at level crossings. This is achieved by establishing duplex radio communication between the locomotive and the level crossing using two frequencies ω ₁ and ω ₂ and complex signals with phase shift keying. The frequencies ω ω _r1 and _r2 are spaced apart by the value of the second intermediate frequency ω _z2 -ω _d1 = ω _np2. The second transmitter 40 mounted on the locomotive emits complex signals with a phase shift keying at the frequency ω ₁ = ω _z2 = ω _pr1 and the second receiver 49 mounted on the locomotive receives complex signals with a phase shift keying at the frequency ω ₂ = ω _r1 = ω _PR3 . And the first radio transmitter 21, installed at the railway crossing, emits complex signals with phase shift keying, on the contrary, at a frequency of ω ₂ , and the first radio receiver 35, installed at the railway crossing, receives complex signals with phase shift keying at a frequency of ω ₁ .

Claims (1)

A system for radiotelephone communications on motorways using solar energy to power the first radio transmitter in the daytime and at night and consisting of a multi-cell panel of paraboloidal solar concentrators with gallium arsenide photodetectors in their foci that can convert concentrated solar energy with an efficiency of up to 20% and s specific power 200 W / m ² , photodiodes in cylindrical reflectors with the ability to orient the battery are installed on the sides of the solar battery in the sun using selsyn with an accuracy of ± 2 °, and the battery itself is placed in a sealed transparent hemisphere, on top of which there is a whip antenna connected to a box in which the alkaline buffer battery, the first radio transmitter, microphones and call buttons are placed, while the boxes are attached to the dividing barrier of the motorway at a distance of 0.8 ... 1 km from each other, the second radio transmitter mounted on the locomotive is made in the form of series-connected microprocessors, the first high-frequency generator and multi a delay line, whose code taps through phase inverters that provide 180 ° phase rotation at their outputs in accordance with an identification code are connected to an adder, the first input of which is connected to the output of the first high-frequency generator, and a telegraph key is connected to the output, the second input of which connected to the second output of the microprocessor, the second radio transmitter also contains a first power amplifier, a first radio receiver mounted in a box that is attached to the dividing barrier of the highway in close to the railway crossing, made in the form of series-connected first mixer, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first local oscillator, and the first amplifier of the second intermediate frequency, series-connected first phase detector and code comparison unit, the second input of which is connected to the output of the memory unit, and the output is connected to the first and second actuating units, sound and light signaling devices, the first radio receiver is connected to the first duplexer, the input-output of which is connected with a first transceiver antenna, characterized in that it is equipped with a second duplexer, a second transceiver antenna and a second radio receiver mounted on a locomotive, the second radio transmitter is equipped with a second local oscillator, a second mixer and an amplifier of the first intermediate frequency, and a second mixer, a second one, are connected in series to the telegraph key output the input of which is connected to the output of the second local oscillator, the amplifier of the first intermediate frequency and the first power amplifier, the output of which is connected to the input of W a horn duplexer, the input-output of which is connected to the second transceiver antenna, the second radio receiver is made in the form of a second power amplifier, a third mixer, connected to the output of the second duplexer, the second mixer, the second input of which is connected to the output of the third local oscillator, the second amplifier of the second intermediate frequency, the first multiplier, the second the input of which is connected to the output of the second local oscillator, the first bandpass filter, the second phase detector, the second input of which is connected to the output of the third local oscillator, and As for registration and analysis, the first radio transmitter is made in the form of series-connected second high-frequency generator, phase manipulator, the second input of which is connected to the output of the digital message source, the fourth mixer, the second input of which is connected to the output of the fourth local oscillator, the amplifier of the third intermediate frequency and the fourth power amplifier the output of which is connected to the input of the first duplexer, the first radio receiver is equipped with a third power amplifier, a second multiplier and a second bandpass filter rum, and the output of the first duplexer through the third power amplifier is connected to the first input of the first mixer, the second multiplier is connected to the output of the first amplifier of the second intermediate frequency, the second input of which is connected to the output of the fourth local oscillator, and the second band-pass filter, the output of which is connected to the first input of the first a phase detector to the second input of which is connected to the output of the first local oscillator frequency LO ω ω _r1 and _r2 are spaced apart by the value of the second intermediate frequency ω _{r1 r1} = ω -ω _np2, sec th radio transmitter mounted on the locomotive emits complex signals with a phase shift keying at the frequency ω _r1 = ω _r2, and a second receiver, mounted on the locomotive receives complex signals with a phase shift keying at the frequency ω ₂ = ω _r1, the first transmitter mounted on a railway crossing emits complex signals with phase shift keying, on the contrary, at a frequency of ω ₂ , and the first radio receiver installed at the railway crossing receives complex signals with phase shift keying at a frequency of ω ₁ .

Images