RU2397339C1 - Method of ice mix formation and ignition - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: proposed method consists in forcing air into cylinder and compressing it therein, forcing fluid fuel into cylinder chamber between reservoir 8 and electrode 3 and applying HV electric discharge to fuel 9 to form combustible mix of air and fuel 12. HV electric discharge is applied to fuel 9 in two steps. Said steps are carried out before piston reaches its TDC. During first step, HV electric discharge is fed intended for fuel spraying. Said first step is performed in interval between crankshaft turn angle (CTA) corresponding to exhaust valve closing angle and CTA making 340° from piston position in TDC at the beginning of air intake into cylinder. During second step, HV electric discharge is applied to ignite aforesaid mix 12. Second step is implemented in interval 345-355° CTA.

EFFECT: improved combustible mix formation.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering, in particular to engine building, and can be used as a method of operation of a reciprocating internal combustion engine.

A known method of mixture formation and ignition of the working mixture, carried out in internal combustion engines with internal mixture formation and ignition from a high voltage electric discharge, including an air inlet into the cylinder, air compression in the cylinder, supply of liquid fuel to the cylinder under high pressure, the formation of a mixed fuel mixture with air, passing a high-voltage electric discharge acting on the working mixture at the end of compression (see A. Kolchin. Automotive calculation and tract molecular motors: a manual for schools / A.I.Kolchin, V.P.Demidov - Univ 3rd, revised and enlarged - M .: Higher School, 2002, pages 12-13).....

The disadvantages of this method of mixture formation and ignition of the working mixture are the low thermal efficiency of the internal combustion engine due to the limitation of the compression ratio due to the possibility of detonation of the working mixture, as well as the need to supply liquid fuel to the cylinder under high pressure.

The closest to the proposed invention in terms of technical nature and the achieved result (prototype) is a method of mixture formation and ignition of the working mixture of an internal combustion engine, including air inlet into the cylinder, air compression in the cylinder, flow through the channel under pressure from the fuel feed pump into the tank for accumulating liquid fuel while occupying the space of the cylinder between the reservoir and the electrode. At the end of compression, the amount of accumulated fuel is affected by an electric discharge from a high-voltage source of high power with an electro-hydraulic effect. Due to the electro-hydraulic effect, fuel is simultaneously sprayed in the ambient air in the combustion chamber, the formation of a working mixture by mixing the sprayed fuel and air and its ignition. Subsequent expansion of the working mixture and the release of exhaust gases occur in the usual way (patent RU 2267015 C1, IPC ⁷ F02B 3/02, НТТ 13/54, F02N 17/00).

However, the application of this method does not provide high quality mixture formation of the sprayed fuel and air due to insufficient time allocated for mixture formation, due to the simultaneous atomization of fuel in ambient air in the combustion chamber and ignition of the resulting working mixture of fuel and air.

The present invention solves the problem of improving the mixture formation of atomized fuel and air.

The problem is achieved in that in the method of mixture formation and ignition of the working mixture of an internal combustion engine, including air inlet into the cylinder, air compression in the cylinder, supply of liquid fuel under pressure into the space of the cylinder between the tank and the electrode, the effect of a high voltage electric discharge on the fuel volume with the formation of a working mixture of fuel and air, according to the invention, the effect of a high voltage electric discharge on the fuel volume is carried out in two stages until ny to the top dead center by applying a high voltage electric discharge intended for spraying fuel, in the interval between the crankshaft rotation angle (UPKV), corresponding to the closing of exhaust valves, and UPKV, amounting to 340 °, counting the piston at top dead center as 0 ° at the beginning of the inlet into the cylinder of air, and a high-voltage electric discharge, designed to ignite the working mixture of fuel and air, in the gap, comprising 345-355 ° UPKV.

The improvement of the mixture formation of the sprayed fuel and air, and, consequently, the increase of the thermal efficiency of the internal combustion engine, is due to the fact that when implementing the proposed method of mixing and ignition of the working mixture of the internal combustion engine for mixing the sprayed fuel and air, a significantly longer period of time is allocated corresponding to the gap between the UPKV, corresponding to the closing of the exhaust valves, and the UPKV, amounting to 340 °, together one hundred time period corresponding to several degrees of rotation of the UPKV when implementing the method selected as a prototype.

The supply of a high-voltage electric discharge intended for fuel atomization in the interval between the angle of rotation of the crankshaft corresponding to the closure of the exhaust valves and the angle of rotation of the crankshaft of 340 °, counting as 0 ° the position of the piston at top dead center at the beginning of the inlet into the air cylinder , is optimal, since when applying a high-voltage electric discharge designed to spray fuel, there will be a loss of air-fuel mixture through exhaust valves before closing the exhaust valves However, with an UPKV more than 340 ° there will be an insufficient amount of time allotted for mixture formation.

The supply of a high voltage electric discharge intended to ignite the working mixture of fuel and air in the interval of 345-355 ° of the crank shaft angle is optimal, since when applying the high voltage electric discharge intended to ignite the working mixture of fuel and air, a gap of less than 345 ° of the angle of rotation of the crankshaft will be a large ignition timing, which leads to a decrease in the efficiency of the engine, and when applying electric eskogo high voltage discharge, intended to ignite the combustible mixture of fuel and air in the gap is more than 355 ° of crank angle, there is a small angle of advance ignition, which also leads to a reduction of the efficiency of the engine.

The method of mixture formation and ignition of the working mixture of an internal combustion engine is illustrated in the drawing, where Fig. 1 shows a diagram of a device for implementing the method at the time of fuel supply; figure 2 - diagram of a device for implementing the method at the time of spraying fuel; figure 3 - diagram of a device for implementing the method at the time of ignition of the working mixture of fuel and air.

Additionally, in figure 1, figure 2 and figure 3, the arrows indicate the direction of supply of liquid fuel; in Fig.2 circles marked spray fuel; figure 3 circles and dashed lines indicate the ignited working mixture of fuel and air.

A device for implementing the method of mixture formation and ignition of the working mixture of an internal combustion engine comprises a housing 1 mounted on a cylinder head 2 of an internal combustion engine. A high-voltage electrode 3 is placed in the housing 1 to create a high-voltage electric discharge, isolated from the housing 1 by an insulator 4 and connected to a high voltage source 5, and a channel 6 is provided for supplying fuel from the fuel supply pump 7 to the engine cylinder. An open conductive tank 8 is installed on the housing 1, into which liquid fuel 9 enters through the channel 6. A piston 10 is installed in the cylinder 2 of the internal combustion engine, and a high-voltage electrode 3 is placed inside the tank 8 with a gap relative to it (Fig. 1, Fig. 2 , Fig. 3).

The working cycle of an internal combustion engine is performed for four cycles: air inlet into the cylinder, air compression in the cylinder, ignition and expansion of the working mixture of fuel and air, exhaust gas discharge.

The method of mixture formation and ignition of the working mixture of an internal combustion engine is as follows. Preliminarily, at 0 °, the UPKV is assumed to be the position of the piston 10 at the top dead center at the beginning of the intake stroke of the air cylinder 2. Near the top dead center, that is, at 0 ° CAP, after closing the exhaust valves, air is sucked into the cylinder 2 while lowering the piston 10 to the bottom dead center. After the piston 10 passes the bottom dead center, that is, at 180 ° UPKV, the air in the cylinder 2 is compressed when the piston 10 is raised to the top dead center.

At the required time, in the interval between the angle of rotation of the crankshaft corresponding to the closing of the exhaust valves and the angle of rotation of the crankshaft of 340 °, feed through channel 6 under pressure from the fuel feed pump 7 into the reservoir 8 for accumulating liquid fuel 9, taking at this liquid fuel 9, the space of the cylinder 2 between the reservoir 8 and the electrode 3 (figure 1). After filling the tank 8 with liquid fuel 9, the accumulated fuel 9 is exposed to a high voltage electric discharge from the high voltage source 5. The high voltage electric discharge affects the fuel 9 in two stages until the piston 10 arrives at top dead center.

At the first stage, a high-voltage electric discharge is supplied from a high-voltage source 5, intended for fuel atomization, with the formation of atomized fuel 11, in the interval between the UPKV, corresponding to the closing of the exhaust valves, and the UPKV, amounting to 340 °, counting the position of the piston 10 in 0 ° top dead center at the beginning of the intake into the cylinder 2 of the air (figure 2). Thus, at the first stage, due to the effect of a high voltage electric discharge on the volume of accumulated liquid fuel 9, this volume is sprayed in the ambient air in the combustion chamber and a working mixture of fuel and air is formed.

At the second stage, a high-voltage electric discharge is supplied through the resulting mixture of fuel and air from a high-voltage source 5, designed to ignite the working mixture of fuel and air, while creating an ignited working mixture 12 of fuel and air, in the gap of 345-355 ° CAP (Fig. .3). Thus, due to the effect of this high voltage electric discharge on the resulting working mixture of fuel and air, this mixture is ignited.

The expansion of the working mixture of fuel and air is carried out at 360 ° UPKV. that is, with the position of the piston 10 near the top dead center, and the beginning of the exhaust gas emission at 540 ° UPKV near the bottom dead center. The exhaust gas release is completed at 720 ° UPKV with reaching the piston 10 top dead center.

The moments of the supply of a high voltage electric discharge intended for fuel atomization and a high voltage electric discharge intended for ignition of a working mixture of fuel and air are determined depending on the type of fuel used, the type of internal combustion engine and its operation mode.

Thus, the proposed method of mixture formation and ignition of the working mixture of an internal combustion engine allows to improve the mixture formation of atomized fuel and air due to the longer duration to increase the completeness of fuel combustion, which provides an increase in thermal efficiency, lower fuel consumption, and reduce toxicity of exhaust gases.

Claims (1)

The method of mixture formation and ignition of the working mixture of an internal combustion engine, including air inlet into the cylinder, air compression in the cylinder, supply of liquid fuel under pressure into the space of the cylinder between the tank and the electrode, the effect of a high voltage electric discharge on the volume of fuel with the formation of a working mixture of fuel and air, characterized in that the effect of the high voltage electric discharge on the fuel volume is carried out in two stages until the piston arrives at top dead center by feeding a high-voltage tric discharge for spraying fuel in the interval between the angle of rotation of the crankshaft corresponding to the closure of the exhaust valves and the angle of rotation of the crankshaft of 340 °, counting as 0 ° the position of the piston at top dead center at the beginning of the air inlet to the cylinder, and an electric discharge of high voltage, designed to ignite the working mixture of fuel and air, in the interval of 345-355 ° angle of rotation of the crankshaft.

Images