RU2393023C2 - Pneumatic flotation machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to benefication of mineral deposits and can be used during processing of mineral raw material containing non-ferrous, ferrous, rare, precious metals, as well as non-metallic mineral deposits and particularly when cleaning waste water from solid particles and oil drops. Pneumatic flotation machine includes aerator, T-piece, reactors, separation chamber, foam sump, foam chute and unloading device for tails. Machine is equipped with conical distributor of aerated pulp flow, which is located coaxially to the separator and represents the apron in the form of flattened cone of the variable geometry and the top of which is directed downwards and into which on diametrically opposite sides there tangentially introduced are lower sections of reactors. In lower part of the chamber, under the flow distributor, there installed is reflecting plate providing the decrease of losses of small mineralised bubbles with tail (chamber) product.

EFFECT: enhanced flotation properties.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of mineral processing and can be used in the processing of mineral raw materials containing non-ferrous, ferrous, rare, precious metals, as well as non-metallic minerals, and especially when treating wastewater from solid particles and oil droplets.

Known pneumatic flotation machine, including a chamber made in the form of a cylindrical shell, equipped with three concentrically arranged cylindrical cavities, in the first of which - the upper working cavity, which acts as a reactor - particles are fixed on air bubbles in the upward flow, and in the second - the cavity deaeration, acting as a separator, - separation in a downward flow of loaded bubbles from the chamber product. Aerated pulp from the aerator enters the lower working cavity, which is connected to the upper cavity / Filippov Yu.M., Bochkarev G.R., Kondratiev S.A. A.S. 1676663 USSR "Flotation machine", BI No. 34, 1991, MKI B03D 1/14 /.

The disadvantage of this machine is its low flotation rates, due to the withdrawal of the chamber product directly from under the foam layer, from which initially swallowed particles are scattered.

Known pneumatic flotation machine of the type reactor-separator, including a cylindrical chamber, a reactor in which the formation of bubbles, power supply and direct interaction of the bubbles with particles / US Patent No. 4938865, cl. B03D 1/24, publ. 07/03/90 /.

The disadvantage of this machine is the lack of organization of the process of formation of aeroflocs in a special device, which also leads to insufficiently high flotation rates.

Known pneumatic flotation machine of the type reactor-separator, including an aerator, in which power is supplied, the formation of bubbles and their direct interaction with particles, reactors with sockets, a cylindrical separator chamber, a foam sump and a foam trough / RF Patent No. 2214871 Samygin VD, Filippov L.O., cl. B03D 1/24, publ. 10.27.03 /.

The disadvantage of this machine is the low rate of separation of the flow of mineralized bubbles and the flow of pulp (water) in the volume of the separator.

Known pneumatic flotation machine of the reactor-separator type, including a separation chamber, a reactor having a device for feeding pulp into it and an aerator, as well as an aerated pulp flow distributor installed in the separation chamber under the reactor, made in the form of a cover with holes and a bottom, a foam gutter, unloading device for tails / Patent EP No. 0514800, class. B03D 1/24, publ. 07/31/96 /.

The disadvantage of this machine is the imperfect design of the aerated pulp flow distributor, which leads to the destruction of particle-bubble aggregates upon impact of the jet leaving the reactor about the bottom and to its frequent clogging. This reduces flotation rates.

The closest analogue is a pneumatic flotation machine of the reactor-separator type, including a separation chamber, reactors having a device for feeding pulp into it and an aerator, as well as bells installed in a separation chamber at the end of each of the reactors, located in a specific way, a foam chute and a discharge device for tails / RF patent №2281810, class. B03D 1/24 from 08.20.06 /.

The disadvantage of the closest analogue is the imperfect design of the input flows from the reactors into the cavity of the separator, which leads to intense vertical mixing in the volume of the separator and, as a consequence, to the deterioration of the separation of the bubble-saturated pulp. This reduces flotation rates.

The objective of the invention is to increase flotation.

The technical result of the invention is to reduce the time and increase the degree of separation of the flotation complexes from the pulp in the separator, as well as the exclusion of clogging.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that a pneumatic flotation machine of the reactor-separator type, including an aerator, tee, reactors, separation chamber, foam sump, foam chute and tailings discharge device, according to the invention, is equipped in the middle part of the separator with aerated pulp flow distributor common to all reactors, representing a tsar in the form of a truncated cone with the top down, into which the lower sections of the reactors are tangentially introduced.

The flotation machine can be equipped with a reflective plate mounted under the pulp flow distributor, which acts as a chipper coming out of the flow distributor.

A flotation machine may have a separation chamber consisting of a conical shell in its upper part, a cylindrical shell with a flow distributor in the middle, and a conical shell with a reflective plate in the lower part.

The flotation machine may have a foam trough that is connected to the upper cut of the truncated cone of the shell.

A flotation wastewater treatment machine may also have a cylindrical shell (foam sump) connected to the upper cut of the truncated cone of the separation chamber and the foam trough.

The supply of the separator’s cylindrical part with the aerated pulp flow distributor, which is a truncated cone in which the tangentially located leads of the reactors are fixed, accelerates the separation of aerated three-phase flows into the flow of flotation complexes floating in the foam and into the pulp stream, which goes into the lower discharge pipe, and layered the distribution of flows along the height and cross section of the drawer reduces mixing in the volume of the drawer, which ensures the achievement of a technical result and inventions - reducing time and increasing the degree of separation of the flotation complexes from the pulp in the separator.

The conical tsar can be made with an opening angle in the range from 30 ° to 120 °. With a smaller opening angle, an improvement in the coalescence conditions of air bubbles due to the onset effect is achieved, with a larger angle, the stratification rate of the stream of mineralized bubbles and the pulp stream in the separator volume increases.

The diameter of the conical collet at the reactor entry level can range from 5d _react to 40d _react , but not more than 0.6d _separ . With a smaller diameter of the collet, a higher swirl flow speed is achieved, which contributes to an increase in the flotation selectivity. With a larger diameter of the drawer, optimal conditions are created for the flotation of lyophilic sediments and fine suspensions.

до

. Низкая царга предопределяет малое время прохождения сквозь нее трехфазных потоков, что минимизирует механическое воздействие на флотокомплексы и способствует повышению извлечения. Высокая царга, напротив, способствует большей селективности процесса за счет десорбции захваченных гидрофильных частиц.The height of the conical drawer may range from

before

. Low collet predetermines a short transit time of three-phase flows through it, which minimizes the mechanical impact on the flotation complexes and contributes to an increase in recovery. High collet, on the contrary, contributes to greater selectivity of the process due to the desorption of captured hydrophilic particles.

Thus, due to changes in these geometric parameters, the conical tsar can have a different ratio of the diameters of the upper and lower sections.

The entry point of the reactors can be located at one of three levels of the conical drawer:

1) at a distance equal to d _rect from the lower cut of the drawer; in this case, the quality of the foam product is improved;

2) at a distance equal to d _react from the upper cut of the drawer; in this case, the extraction increases;

3) approximately at an equal distance from both sections of the conical drawer; this achieves a balance between the extraction and quality of the concentrate, characteristic of the main operation.

The implementation of the separation chamber, consisting in the upper and lower parts of the conical shells, and in the middle part of the cylindrical shell with a flow distributor, allows you to spatially separate the upward flow of mineralized bubbles into the foam from the downward flow of pulp into the tails.

The supply of the flotation machine with a reflective plate mounted under the flow distributor, which operates in the chipper mode, will reduce the loss of small mineralized bubbles with the tail product and thereby contribute to an increase in recovery during flotation and flotation water treatment in particular.

The invention is illustrated by the drawing, where the drawing shows a General view of a pneumatic flotation machine.

The pneumatic flotation machine (see drawing) includes an aerator 1, a two-pipe reactor 2, a foam control device 3, a separation chamber 4, a foam trough 5, a distributor (conical drawer) 6 and a reflection plate 7 (see drawing, view A). The separation chamber is made of an upper conical shell 9, a central cylindrical shell and a lower conical shell 10 and a discharge pipe 5. Also, the separation chamber may have a cylindrical shell of a foam sump 11.

The tangentially located leads of the reactors are introduced into the distributor 6. The outlet openings of the sockets are located on the diametrically opposite sides of the distributor. The foam chute 5 is attached either directly to the upper cut of the conical shell 9 or to the cylindrical shell of the foam sump 11. A cone 3 is located above the foam chute to control the output of the foam product.

Pneumatic flotation machine operates as follows.

The initial pulp treated with the reagents passes through an aerator 7 into which air is ejected. In the mixing chamber in the aerator, the air is crushed into small bubbles. From this moment, the process of fixing hydrophobic particles or emulsion droplets to air bubbles begins, i.e. the process of formation of flotation complexes. A mixture of air bubbles, flotation complexes and pulp passes through the tee 72, in which the aerated stream is divided in two and moves through the reactors 2, then in the conical tsar 6 is twisted and rises. Here, the velocity of the flows is slowed down, which, due to the effect of the run-on, causes the flotation complexes to interact with each other with the formation of aeroflocules, which enter in the form of swirling aerated streams into the upper shell 9. In the diffuser of the distributor in a centrifugal field, the separation of the three-phase aerated stream into the flow of the flotation complexes and to the flow of pulp into the discharge through the pipe 8, while the path of floating mineralized bubbles passes along the entire upper part of the separator. The reflection plate 7 due to the rotation of the outgoing from the diffuser flow reduces the likelihood of loss of thin bubbles with a chamber product.

In the lower conical shell 10 of the separator, a tail stream (chamber product, purified water) is released through the pipe 8.

Flotation complexes rise into the sump 11 and are discharged into the foam trough 5, from where they are removed from the machine through the nozzle.

The efficiency of separating flotation complexes and aeroflocs from the pulp in the separator is ensured by the simultaneous action of three factors: accelerating separation in a centrifugal field, increasing gas content in the upper part of the separation chamber and reducing the loss of thin bubbles due to the rotation of the three-phase flow up to the foam settler.

The flotation rate in the proposed machine increases by 15-20% compared with the prototype, and the quality of the concentrate also increases. During wastewater treatment, the water content of the foam product is reduced.

Claims (1)

Pneumatic flotation machine, including an aerator, tee, reactors, separation chamber, foam sump, foam chute and tailings discharge device, characterized in that it is equipped with a conical aerated pulp flow distributor located coaxially with the separator, which is a drawer in the form of a truncated cone of variable geometry, facing top down, into which on the diametrically opposite sides the lower sections of the reactors are tangentially introduced, while in the lower part of the chamber under the distributor A flow plate has a reflective plate that provides a reduction in the loss of small mineralized bubbles with a tail (chamber) product.

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