RU2392530C2 - Complete set of items for heat-hydro-insulated pipeline and procedure for fabricating set of heat-hydro-insulated pipe diminishing pieces - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to machine building, particularly to procedures of fabricating heat-hydro-insulated diminishing pieces used for connecting pipelines of different diametres. Procedure for fabricating set of heat-hydro-insulated pipe diminishing pieces consists in connecting diminishing piece with different diametre branches of working pipe for each pipe sub. Hydro-insulation is fabricated separately in form of a pipe-casing of a composed structure conditionally similar by shape to working pipe subs. Diminishing pieces of working pipes are centred. There are installed wires of on-line remote control system. The said hydro-insulation is conjugated with working pipe subs. Ends of hydro-insulation are sealed with process plugs. At least two-component foamed solidificated mixture is poured as a layer of heat insulation. Further mixture is conditioned; and process plugs are removed. The set of diminishing pieces is fabricated within the range of values of diametres of working pipe branches of smaller diametre from 200 to 950, mainly from 219 to 920 mm and within the range of values of diametres of working pipe branches of bigger diametre from 250 to 1050, mainly from 273 to 1020 mm. The set of diminishing pieces of working pipe branches of smaller diametre selectively correlates to the set of diminishing pieces of working pipe branches of bigger diametre. There are made from one to ten, preferably, to five combinations of the latter with the same branch of the working pipe of smaller diametre. There is facilitated volume protection of the working pipe with heat-insulating material. Volume protection is calculated from ratio of specific volume of heat-insulation to a unit of payload volume of a conditional running metre of the working pipe of each branch connected with a diminishing piece not over 1.4 at the section of diminishing piece of smaller diametre, and not below 0.25 at the section of bigger diametre. Also at least part of pipe diminishing pieces hydro-insulated with polymer or polymer containing material is designed to facilitate volume protection of the working pipe calculated from ratio of specific volume of hydro-insulation to a unit of payload volume of conditional running metre of the working pipe of each branch connected in the diminishing piece not over 0.17 at the section of diminishing piece of smaller diametre, and not below 0.08 at the section of bigger diametre. The complete set of items for the heat-hydro-insulated pipeline consists of items each containing a working pipe or branches of the working pipe, of a layer of heat insulation and of external hydro-insulation. Further, the complete set includes the set of pipe diminishing pieces fabricated according the above described procedure. Each diminishing piece contains a sub of working pipes, and hydro-insulation in kind of a pipe-shell of a complex form conditionally identical to the sub of working pipes in diametre correspondingly exceeding diametres of the said subs of the working pipes at thickness required and sufficient for underneath placement of a protective layer of hydro-insulation. This protective layer of heat-insulation consists of at least two-component foamed solidificated mixture. In the middle of the layer this mixture has calculated density not less, than 60 kg/m³. The complete set is equipped with wires of the on-line remote control system.

EFFECT: facilitating versatility, process simplicity and efficiency of items production, design of which ensures reduced heat losses and increased reliability of pipeline operation in whole.

25 cl, 16 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering, and in particular to methods of manufacturing thermally waterproofed junctions, as well as to the constructions of thermally waterproofed junctions used to connect pipelines of various diameters, as well as to connect branches with a simultaneous transition from one diameter of the pipeline to another and intended for transporting fluid environments in heating mains, namely in systems of hot and / or cold water supply.

The prior art method for the production of heat and waterproofing molded products, such as bends, tees, transitions, etc., including installing it in a waterproofing shell, sealing the shell and applying a heat-insulating composition to the pipe, foaming and curing it. As a heat-insulating composition, polyurethane foam is used, obtained by mixing the polyol as one component and polyisocyanate at a ratio of 1: 1.57-1.63, and the shell elements cut from galvanized steel pipes or opened from thin galvanized steel sheets are installed on a steel shaped product, they are laid indicator wires on it, shell elements are soldered with solder using a gas torch, blowtorch, after welding, the entire pipe structure is heated to 28 ° C, end caps are installed, shell space through the hole plugs pour polyurethane foam composition. In the process of foaming the polyurethane foam composition, the annular space is filled upward from the bottom, while air is forced out of it through the air holes in the plugs. After foaming, the composition is cured for 10-15 minutes, the plugs are removed, and the ends of the thermal insulation composition are coated with a waterproof material, RU 2000128118 A, F16L 59/00, 2002.10.10.

The task to which the proposed group of inventions is directed is to ensure technological simplicity and cost-effectiveness of the production of heat-insulated transitions with a reduction in heat loss and increase the reliability of the pipeline assembled using pipe transitions manufactured by the method.

The problem in terms of a method of manufacturing a set of thermally-insulated pipe transitions is solved due to the fact that each pipe transition from the said set is made of different diameters of the nozzles of the working pipe connected to the transitional part, preferably from the same material as the said nozzles having the shape of the bell with ends for the smaller and larger diameters of these pipes, separately make waterproofing from a polymer or polymer-containing material or from sheet metal in the form of a pipe-shell of a composite shape, conditionally similar in shape to the transition of the working pipes with excess diameters relative to the corresponding diameters of the said transition of the working pipes to a thickness necessary and sufficient to place a protective layer of thermal insulation underneath, center the transition of the working pipes, at least in linear sections the pipes forming it, mount the wires of the operational remote control system and combine the mentioned waterproofing with the transition of the working pipes, seal the technologists With end caps, the ends of the waterproofing fill the insulation layer from at least a two-component foamable curable mixture, hold and remove the technological caps, and similarly they perform a set of pipe transitions in the range of diameters of the pipes of the working pipe with a smaller diameter from 200 to 950, mainly from 219 up to 920 mm and selectively correlating with them in the spectra of manufactured pipe transitions by larger diameter pipe nozzles in the range from 250 to 1050, mainly from 273 d about 1020 mm with the formation of one to ten, preferably up to five combinations of the latter with the same nozzle of the working pipe of smaller diameter, providing volumetric fencing of the working pipe with insulating material, calculated from the ratio of the specific volume of thermal insulation to the unit of usable volume of a linear meter of working pipe of each of the nozzles connected in the transition in the transition section of a smaller diameter of not more than 1.4, and in the area of the larger diameter - not less than 0.25, and at least part of the pipe transitions with waterproofing from a polymer or polymer-containing material is made to provide volumetric fencing of the working pipe with waterproofing material, calculated from the ratio of the specific volume of waterproofing to the unit of usable volume of the linear meter of working pipe of each of the pipes connected in the transition at the transition section of a smaller diameter of not more than 0.17, and in the area of larger diameter - not less than 0.08.

A waterproofing in the form of a pipe-shell of a composite form can be made from blanks of pipe-shells made of a polymer or polymer-containing material using at least one production line adapted to the specified parameters of the manufactured blanks of the pipe-shell containing sequentially located and communicated with each other technological posts, including such posts as the reception, storage, drying and feeding stations for raw materials - polymer granules, heating and extruding polymers mass, post forming and calibrating the product, containing at least a vacuum compartment, a cooling post, stabilizing the shape and strength of the product, post broaching devices equipped with external and internal electrodes, post corona spark treatment of the inner surface of the billet pipe shell, post cutting the product, the output conveyor, as well as the power supply system, start and stop of the line, process water supply, sewage, control and measuring systems and process control, and the manufacture of shell pipe blanks is carried out by heating the initial polymer granules, extrusion, primary molding of shell tube blanks by extruding the polymer mass when heated and overpressure, secondary molding of the product, calibration and stabilization of its shape under vacuum triaxial tension with simultaneous cooling, uniaxial stretching from calibration post to the post of broaching devices inclusive, cutting the workpiece for composite pipe shells and keeping it for a set of values.

Each of the listed posts of the technological line can be equipped with technological equipment capable of automatically and / or adjusted to achieve dynamic balance of the mass of the product being passed through the equipment of the posts, varying the temperature and speed to the values necessary and sufficient for the formation, maintenance and stabilization of the required parameters for the estimated spectrum of the manufactured blanks of pipe shells intended for production at the technological th line, including the alternating pressure range in the mass of the produced pipe-shell billet at various processing stations from overpressure at the extrusion station to triaxial tension at the molding and calibration station and uniaxial tension in the section from the calibration station to the station of broaching devices inclusive, for which the post for heating and extruding the polymer mass is equipped with a removable dispenser with an exit slit adapted to the function of preparing for molding the molten polymer masses for the geometrical parameters of the blank pipe-shell blank, and the post forming and calibration of the product is provided with a calibrating device combined with vacuum and cooling systems, interchangeably adapted for the release of a particular product in the spectrum provided for production on the line.

Before polymer granules are fed to the heating and extrusion station, they can be dried combined with preliminary heating, heating at the heating and extrusion station is carried out to the melting temperature of the starting material, extrusion under excessive pressure is combined with primary molding, and at the molding and calibration station, the shell pipe subjected to vacuum triaxial stretching while cooling mainly with water, then the product is subjected to forced cooling and uniaxial stretching in the interval from the calibration post to the post of broaching devices inclusive, after which they perform corona electric spark treatment of the inner surface of the shell pipe blank with a discharge of 90-135 W to a surface tension of at least 50 dyne / cm ² and cutting the shell pipe blank, and moving its downstream conveyor.

When starting a production line adapted for the given parameters of the shell-pipe prefabricated part, they can use a start-up system that includes a self-contained pulling device fixedly anchored behind the post of broaching devices and a removable moving post in the form of a satellite pipe with a preliminary placed internal electrode of the corona electrospark processing post and tension cable, while the satellite pipe at one end is attached to the initial end of the waterproofing immediately after its primary molding at the heating and extrusion station, and at the other end, they are pulled through the tension cable using a pulling device to the broaching device, inclusively, after passing through the satellite pipe of which at the corona electrospark processing station the technologically fixed placement of the internal electrode in an isolated space inside the waterproofing is carried out in position corresponding to the external electrode of the corona electrospark processing station, after which the satellite pipe is disconnected from the avlivaemogo products.

At least one production line used for the manufacture of waterproofing from polymer or polymer-containing material - composite pipe shell blanks, can be designed for the production of products from 300 to 750 mm, preferably for diameters 315, 355, 400, 450, 500, 560, 630, 710 mm, another production line is designed for the production of products with diameters from 700 to 950 mm, preferably for diameters of 710, 800, 900 mm, and the third is designed for the production of products with diameters from 850 to 1250 mm, preferably for diameters of 900, 1000 , 1100, 1200 mm, and The articles are made of low-pressure polyethylene, preferably a black stabilized tube grade polyethylene composition containing 2.0-2.5% carbon black, as well as polyethylene waste of the same brand from our own production in an amount of not more than 10% by weight, and the extrusion is carried out with speeds from 0.12 to 0.9 m / min.

At least a portion of pipe transitions with a ratio of the diameters of the pipe-shell of the waterproofing larger to smaller from 1.29 can be waterproofed in the form of a composite shell from blanks of pipe-shells of a polymer or polymer-containing material of a larger and smaller diameter, obtained using at least at least one production line cut into round-cylindrical nozzles by cutting cylindrical non-flat wedges in the frontal zone of the larger branch pipe an obvious cylindrical triangle is predominantly isosceles, with a conditional base in the plane of the pipe end face, leaving a cylindrical petal in the form of a truncated, predominantly transversely truncated wedge between each two closest cutouts, and the petal height is sufficient to form a transition bell from a larger to a smaller pipe, closing and joining , mainly by welding, the side faces of adjacent petals and joining, mainly by welding, a pipe of a smaller diameter, at The size of the truncated ends of the petals in the closed position of the side faces is taken from the condition that the sum of the lengths of the ends of these petals corresponds to the perimeter of the end of the smaller pipe connected to them.

It is advisable to use a band cutting machine to cut a blank of a pipe-sheath made of polymer or polymer-containing material into nozzles with a diameter of 300-330 mm, and with a diameter of more than 330 mm, at least one planetary saw can be used, further cutting of all of these nozzles can be carried out, at least at least one electric jigsaw, while the depth of cuts of cylindrical non-planar wedges, forming the shape of a conditional cylindrical triangle, is taken to be almost equal to the initial distance between cm zhnymi extremes truncated petals ends, at least a conditional basis of said conditional cylindrical triangle formed by the corresponding cutout in the pipe.

At least a portion of pipe transitions with a larger to smaller pipe-to-shell diameter ratio up to 1.3 can be made with seamless waterproofing in the form of a pipe-shell from a polymer or polymer-containing material of a composite shape from a pipe-shell of a smaller diameter obtained from the processing line, from which cut off the pipe of a given size, and then subject it to deformation, increasing the diameter by stretching the perimeter of the deformable length section by preheating the material, at least of the given section of the billet up to and including plasticity and applying axial compression pressure sufficient to create irreversible deformations in the transition zone of non-destructive increment of the diameter and perimeter of the sheath pipe, and the process is carried out with the specified growth gradient per unit of the axial height of the transition zone per unit time, at least least, with partially compensating decrease in wall thickness by redistribution of material in the deformable zone of the billet pipe shell waterproofing.

The preheating of the pipe blank piece of the waterproofing sheath pipe made of a polymer or polymer-containing material can be carried out in a container filled with glycerin, the temperature of which is automatically maintained within 125-145 ° C, preferably 134-136 ° C, and the inertial deviations of the glycerin temperature from the set value should not exceed 2 ° C, while glycerol heating is controlled using two thermocouples installed in the central part of the tank connected to a microprocessor temperature controller, the deformation of the pipe cooking is carried out by pulling it on the mandrel for 15-200 s, after which it is held for 0.5-3.0 minutes and the billet of the pipe-shell of the waterproofing of the composite form made from the pipe is cooled, mainly in cold water, in time within no more than 30 minutes, moreover, after cooling, the pipe-shell of the waterproofing is washed to remove traces of glycerin, and then drying and marking is applied to the outer surface of the waterproofing with indication of the transition diameters.

For pipe junctions having waterproofing with smaller diameters, the numerical values of which lie in the range from 300 to 360 mm and large diameters, the numerical values of which lie in the range of 380 to 460 mm, the workpiece of the sheath pipe made of a polymer or polymer-containing material can be tensioned on the mandrel within 15-35 s, and for transitions with a smaller diameter from 365 mm, with a numerical value of a larger diameter from 440 mm, the tension of the blank pipe shell from a polymer or polymer-containing material on the mandrel can be carried out in t 40-200 s, while after manufacturing the pipe-sheath of the waterproofing from a polymer or polymer-containing material is placed in a template tool corresponding to its diameters and length, it is fixed and the ends of the waterproofing are deformed during manufacture due to the load and high temperature.

Waterproofing in the form of a pipe-shell of a composite form of metal can be made using at least one installation for the manufacture of metal, preferably steel waterproofing, as well as blanks of waterproofing by twisting from sheet metal, preferably a tape, an airtight shell, providing during compression and sealing lock joints.

Before connecting to the transitional part, the nozzles of the working pipe having different diameters can be cut to a predetermined size from metal, for example, steel working pipes, processed in a shot blasting machine, including a shot blasting chamber with a working unit installed in it, having at least one, preferably at least two turbines with throwing blades, a system for cleaning and regenerating the composition of the working fluid, as well as conveying conveyors into the shot blasting chamber for cleaning and receiving a cleaned pipe, moreover, the installation of shot blasting purifies the working pipes by impact for 4 to 45 minutes on the surface to be cleaned with a discrete working fluid in the form of a stream of directionally bombarding pipes at a speed of 55 to 110 m / s of abrasive particles, for example, a metal fraction or a mixture containing the whole and crushed metal fraction, the ratio in the mixture of the whole and crushed fraction is at least 1: 1, preferably 2: 1, with the formation of a spiral oriented towards the movement of the pipe during processing of a spot of exposure of impacts of the indicated particles moving along its surface, taking over a period T of angular displacement to the width of the turbine throwing blade in the projection onto the cylindrical surface of a spiral rotating pipe, the shape of a beveled cylindrical quasi-parallelogram with a projection height in the reference plane tangent to the generatrix of the cleaned pipe surface and normal average a vector of the flow of said particles, which is not less than the width of the throwing blade, and the length of the base in the axial direction tr the loss is not less than the distance between the axes of the extreme turbines, the blades of which provide a throwing treatment with abrasive particles of the pipe surface, and during the cleaning process, the same section of the pipe surface is subjected to n-fold processing, quantitatively determined from the condition n≤L / A, where L is the distance between the mentioned axes of the turbines; A is the step of translational displacement of the pipe in one spiral revolution of the pipe.

Cutting to nozzles of working pipes with a diameter of 273-720 mm can be done with a machine for cutting steel pipes and chamfering, and with a diameter of 219-1020 with a gas-plasma cutting machine, while manual grinding machines with grinding wheels make edge blunting and end processing, including for eliminate, if necessary, the non-perpendicularity of the ends of the cut pipes of the working pipe and obtain the required bevel, and the assembly and welding of the pipes of the working pipe and transitional parts is carried out using welding manipulators and the welding apparatus, wherein a longitudinal weld seam, at least part of elements of the transition tube is disposed in the working position hours 12 ± 1 hours.

Passing shot-blasting, cutting and welding with a transitional part, the branch pipes of the transition pipes forming the transition of the working pipes can be placed on the stocks and installed on them plastic or metal-plastic centralizers, in the technological holes of which at least two, preferably three wires of the operational system are passed remote control - indicator conductors, and the ends of the wires are fixed at the ends of the transition of the working pipes, after which the axes of the finished hydroisol are combined tion - the jacket pipe forms a composite billet or tube-shell to form an integral sealing and transition working tubes then performed to waterproofing thrust transition working tubes to form a tube-in-tube construction.

The wires of the operational-remote control system can be insulated, at least in the welding zone of the nozzles of the working pipe, for example, polyvinyl chloride tubes - cambric.

When making the transition with a branch to the branch pipes of the branch pipe, branch pipes may be welded, and cuts are made in the blanks of the sheath pipe to attach the branch pipe branch pipes, moreover, an electric jigsaw is used to cut the blanks of the waterproofing sheath tubes from a polymer or polymer-containing material, and the assembly structure the pipe in the pipe is produced simultaneously with the welding of the waterproofing, and at least part of the welding of the waterproofing from a polymer or polymer-containing material They are produced by a manual extruder by pouring joints with a molten polyethylene.

The design of the pipe in the pipe can be received at the filling station, containing at least one inclined casting table, configured to adjust the angle from 0 to 5 °, for example, using a hydraulic press, crimping equipment, at least one filling machine with at least one casting head and a set of end technological plugs equipped with technological holes and ring rubber seals to prevent leakage of the pouring cured mixture during foaming, produce about identification of the pipe structure in the pipe by a longitudinal weld of working pipe nozzles at the 12 o'clock position ± 1 hour; technological plugs are installed on the ends of the waterproofing in the form of sealing end flanges with technological holes, including filling holes for air outlet, and the air outlet openings are oriented in 12 o’clock position, while the flanges are pre-lubricated with a release agent, preferably based on waxes and silicones, to ensure the inclination they lift the end of the pipe structure into the pipe e, from which the mixture is injected, while the emphasis of the hydraulic press is set under the transition edge of the working pipes or flange, the angle of inclination is determined experimentally in such a way as to ensure the minimum difference between the filling density at the ends of the pipe structure in the pipe, after which they are filled into the annulus a two-component foamable curable mixture, preferably a mixture of the polyol as one component and isocyanate, by placing the nozzle of the casting head of the casting machine in the annular tube through the filling hole of the flange, preferably located at the 3 o’clock position, from the side of the raised end of the pipe structure in the pipe and the mixture is injected, while in order to avoid the injection of the mixture escaping from the air outlet openings, the latter are closed at the time of injection, and after the end of the process filling, the duration of which is calculated in advance and installed on the time switch of the filling machine, the nozzle is removed, the filling hole in the flange is closed, and the holes for the air outlet are opened, in the process e foaming the resulting polyurethane foam is filling the annulus in the direction from the bottom up with the simultaneous displacement of air from it through the air holes, after 0.5-1 s after the start of the exit of the foam from the air outlet openings, the lid of the holes are closed, after a while they are kept for a certain time to complete chemical reactions, during which the formation of a layer of thermal insulation from polyurethane foam and its hardening, and the removal of technological plugs and the further movement of pipe transitions Dow is carried out no earlier than 10 minutes after completion of pouring.

It is advisable to visually inspect each finished heat-insulated pipe junction, control the completeness of the ends and measure the length of the non-insulated ends of the working pipe, as well as monitor the installed wires of the operational remote control system - indicator wires and their marking, then the finished heat-insulated pipe transitions are marked and sent for storage.

A set of products for a heat-insulated pipeline according to the invention includes products, each of which contains a working pipe or pipes of the working pipe, a layer of thermal insulation and external waterproofing, including a set of pipe transitions made in the above-described way, each transition containing a transition of working pipes, preferably metal , for example, steel, waterproofing in the form of a pipe-shell of a composite shape, conditionally similar in shape to the transition of the working pipes with excess diameters relative to the diameters of the said transition of the working pipes to a thickness necessary and sufficient for the protective insulation layer placed under it from at least a two-component foamable curable mixture having a calculated density in the middle of the layer of at least 60 kg / m ³ and is equipped with wires for an operational remote control system control.

The set of pipe transitions included in the kit is made with waterproofing of each product in the form of a composite shell with small external diameters of waterproofing lying in the range from 300 to 700 mm and large external diameters of waterproofing from 380 to 910 mm, with a total length of waterproofing of the shell from 650 up to 1250 mm, and the transition with a small external diameter of the waterproofing lying in the range from 300 to 1150 mm and large external diameters of the waterproofing from 380 to 1250 mm, with a total waterproofing length of 750 to 1550 mm, are made, including by cutting and Arch preform jacket pipe waterproofing.

The set of pipe transitions included in the kit is made in the range of diameters of the pipes of the working pipe with a smaller diameter from 200 to 950, mainly from 219 to 920 mm and selectively correlated with them in the spectra of manufactured pipe transitions by the pipes of the working pipe of a larger diameter in the range from 250 to 1050, mainly from 273 to 1020 mm with volumetric fencing of the working pipe with waterproofing material, calculated from the ratio of the specific volume of waterproofing to the unit of usable volume of the conditional running meter of working the pipes of each of the nozzles connected in the transition in the transition section of a smaller diameter of not more than 0.17, and in the section of a larger diameter - not less than 0.08.

At least one pipe passage included in the kit kit is made with seamless waterproofing from a polymer or polymer-containing material and the ratio of the diameters of the waterproofing pipe-sheath larger to smaller to 1.3 from the shell preform, mainly a round-cylindrical configuration of a smaller diameter by non-destructive increase in diameter with a given growth gradient per unit axial height of the transition zone per unit time, at least partially compensating for the decrease in wall thickness redistribution the material in the deformable zone of the pipe transition.

At least one pipe passage included in the kit from the kit is made with a ratio of the diameters of the waterproofing pipe-sheath larger to smaller from 1.29 with the waterproofing in the form of a composite shell obtained from blanks of pipe-shells made of a polymer or polymer-containing material larger and smaller diameters produced using at least one production line, cut into circular cylindrical nozzles by cutting larger diameter cylindrical nozzles in the near-end zone flat wedges, forming the shape of a conditional cylindrical triangle, mainly isosceles, with a conditional base in the plane of the pipe end face, leaving between each two nearest cutouts a cylindrical petal in the form of a truncated, mainly transversely truncated wedge, and the petal height is sufficient to form a bell transition from a larger diameter pipe to smaller by closing and joining mainly by welding the side faces of adjacent petals and joining mainly by welding pat felling of a smaller diameter, while the sizes of the truncated ends of the petals in the closed position of the side faces are made from the condition that the sum of the lengths of the ends of these petals corresponds to the perimeter of the end of the pipe of a smaller diameter connected to them.

At least one pipe passage included in the kit from the kit is made with a branch, while its waterproofing is made of a composite form with a branch by cutting and welding the blank of the waterproofing pipe-shell.

The technical result achieved by the proposed invention in terms of all of its objects is to provide versatility, technological simplicity and economical production of products from a kit for heat-insulated pipelines, the designs of which when used as part of pipelines for transporting fluids in heating mains, namely in systems hot and / or cold water supply, in particular in pipe connections of various diameters, as well as in pipe connections of various diameters etrov with branch, reduces heat losses and improving the reliability of the pipeline as a whole.

At the same time, the optimal parameters of the volumetric enclosure with the heat-insulating layer of pipe transitions in the manufactured diameter range were found.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

figure 1 - pipe transition from the set, a view in a perspective view;

figure 2 is the same with a partial cutaway;

figure 3 - schematically shows the technological lines for the production of waterproofing;

figure 4 - a device for deforming a blank of waterproofing from a polymer or polymer-containing material;

figure 5 - waterproofing in the form of a shell of a composite form, conditionally similar in shape to the transition of the working pipes from a polymer or polymer-containing material, side view;

figure 6 is a fragment of the installation of shot blasting, a view along the cross-section passing across the direction of movement of the working pipe;

Fig.7 is a fragment of the installation of shot blasting, a view along the cross section passing along the direction of movement of the working pipe;

in Fig.8 is a fragment of a shot blasting chamber with mounted throwing blades, a section through a section passing along the direction of movement of the working pipe;

figure 9 - nozzles of the working pipes of the transition, past shot blasting, cutting and welding with the transitional part, side view;

figure 10 - transition of working pipes with installed on it point beacons, centralizers and wires of the operational remote monitoring system (SODK);

figure 11 - the design of the pipe in the pipe (section);

on Fig - pipe transition, a longitudinal section;

on Fig - construction of the pipe in the pipe, end view;

on Fig - transition end view;

on Fig - cutting the blank pipe shell of a larger diameter in the manufacture of waterproofing in the form of a shell of a composite shape;

in Fig.16 - cutting the blank pipe shell of a larger diameter in the manufacture of waterproofing in the form of a shell of a composite shape with a branch.

The following is an illustrative description of a method of manufacturing a set of pipe transitions and a set of products for a thermally waterproofed pipeline, including a pipe transition made by this method, which, however, does not limit the claims of the present invention, and those skilled in the art may propose other embodiments of the present invention .

Each pipe passage 1 from the set is made of pipes of different diameters 2 of the working pipe 3 connected to the adapter 4, preferably of the same material as the pipes 2, having the shape of a socket with ends for smaller and larger diameters of the pipes 2.

The waterproofing 5 is separately made from a polymer or polymer-containing material or from sheet metal in the form of a composite shell pipe, conventionally in the form of a composite shell pipe, conditionally similar in shape to the transition of working pipes 6 with excess diameters relative to the corresponding diameters of the said transition of working pipes to a thickness necessary and sufficient to place a protective layer of thermal insulation under it 7.

The transition of the working pipes 6 is centering, at least on the linear sections of the branch pipes 2 forming it, the wires 8 of the operational remote control system are mounted and the mentioned waterproofing 5 is combined with the transition of the working pipes 6, the ends of the waterproofing 5 are sealed with technological plugs (not shown conventionally) and pouring a layer of thermal insulation 7 from at least a two-component foamable curable mixture. Excerpt and remove technological plugs (not shown conditionally in the drawings), and similarly perform a set of pipe transitions 1 in the range of diameters of the nozzles 2 of the working pipe 3 with a smaller diameter from 200 to 950, mainly from 219 to 920 mm and selectively correlated with them in the spectra of manufactured pipe transitions with larger diameter pipe nozzles in the range from 250 to 1050, mainly from 273 to 1020 mm with the formation of one to ten, preferably up to five combinations of the latter with the same pat a working diameter of a smaller diameter working pipe, providing volumetric enclosure of the working pipe with waterproofing material, calculated from the ratio of the specific volume of waterproofing to the unit of usable linear meter of working pipe of each of the nozzles connected in the transition in the transition section of a smaller diameter not more than 0.17, and in larger diameter - not less than 0.08, as well as providing volumetric fencing of the working pipe with heat-insulating material, calculated from the ratio of the specific volume of thermal insulation to one the net useful volume of the conditional running meter of the working pipe of each of the nozzles connected in the transition in the transition section of a smaller diameter is not more than 1.4, and in the section of a larger diameter - not less than 0.25.

At least a part of pipe transitions with waterproofing made of polymer or polymer-containing material is made to provide volumetric fencing of the working pipe with waterproofing material, calculated from the ratio of the specific volume of waterproofing to the unit of usable linear meter of working pipe of each of the pipes connected in the transition at the transition section of a smaller diameter not more than 0.17, and in the area of larger diameter - not less than 0.08.

For pipe transition 1 with pipes 2 of a working pipe 3 of a larger diameter from 250 mm, pipe transition 1 is performed to provide volumetric fencing with a heat-insulating layer 7 in the least heat-insulated section 9 with a specific volume of fencing with a heat-insulating layer 7 of the latter, referred to a unit of usable volume of a conditional linear meter of the corresponding pipe no more than 1.2.

Waterproofing in the form of a shell pipe of a composite form is made of a polymer or polymer-containing material using at least one production line 10 adapted to the specified parameters of the manufactured blank pipe shell. The production line 10 contains successively located and interconnected processing stations, including stations such as a reception, storage, drying station 11 and a feed station 12 for feeding raw materials — polymer granules, a station 13 for heating and extruding the polymer mass, a station 14 for molding and calibrating the product, comprising at least a vacuum compartment 15, a post 16 for cooling, stabilizing the shape and strength of the product, a post 17 for broaching devices equipped with external and internal electrodes, a post 18 crown electrospark machining the morning surface of the blank pipe-shell, post 19 cutting the product, the output conveyor 20, as well as the power supply system, start-up 21 and line shutdown, process water supply, sewage, control and measurement systems and process control (not shown conventionally in the drawings). The manufacture of shell pipes and blanks of shell pipes is carried out by heating the initial polymer granules, extruding, primary molding of shell pipes and blanks of shell pipes by extruding the polymer mass when heated and overpressure, secondary molding of the product, calibration and stabilization of its shape under vacuum triaxial tension it with simultaneous cooling, uniaxial stretching from calibration post 14 to post 17 of broaching devices, inclusive, cutting a workpiece for shell pipes we and keeping it for a set of strength.

Each of the listed posts of the technological line is equipped with technological equipment capable of automatically and / or adjusted to achieve the dynamic balance of the mass of the manufactured product passed through the equipment of the posts, varying the temperature and speed to the values necessary and sufficient for the formation, maintenance and stabilization of the required parameters for the calculated range of manufactured pipe shells or blanks of pipe shells intended for production on those nologic line, including the alternating pressure range in the mass of the manufactured product at various technological stations, from overpressure at extrusion station 13 to triaxial tension at molding and calibration station 14 and uniaxial tension in the section from calibration station 14 to station 17 of broaching devices, inclusive, why the post 13 for heating and extruding the polymer mass is equipped with a removable dispensing device with an exit slot adapted to the function of preparing for molding the molten polymer hydrochloric mass under geometrical parameters produced preform tube-shell, and the post 14 and the molding product is provided with a calibration device calibrates aligned with the vacuum and cooling systems, a removable release adaptable for a particular product in a spectrum provided for a production line.

Before feeding the polymer granules to the post-heating and extrusion post, they are dried, combined with preliminary heating. The heating at the heating and extrusion station is carried out to the melting temperature of the starting material, the extrusion under excessive pressure is combined with primary molding, and at the molding and calibration station 14, the sheath pipe is subjected to vacuum triaxial tension with simultaneous cooling, mainly with water, then the product is subjected to forced cooling and uniaxial stretching in the interval from the calibration post 14 to the post 17 of the broaching devices inclusive, after which they produce a corona spark treatment weaving the inner surface of the billet pipe shell with a discharge of 90-135 W to a surface tension of at least 50 dyne / cm ² and cutting the billet pipe shell, and moving it along the output conveyor 20.

When starting a production line adapted for the given parameters of the shell-pipe blank, the start-up system 21 is used, which includes an autonomous pulling device 22 fixed at the post 17 of the broaching devices and a removable movable post in the form of a satellite pipe 23 with a pre-positioned inner electrode of the crown post 18 spark treatment and a tension cable 24, while the satellite pipe 23 is attached at one end to the initial end of the waterproofing immediately after its primary form at station 13 of heating and extrusion, and at the other end through a tension cable 24 they are pulled using a pulling device 22 up to station 17 of the broaching devices, inclusive, after passing through a satellite pipe 23 which technologically fixed placement of the internal electrode in an insulated the space inside the waterproofing in position in response to the external electrode of the post 18 of the crown electrospark treatment, after which at the post 19 cutting the satellite pipe 23 from connect from the manufactured product.

At least one production line used for the manufacture of waterproofing from polymer or polymer-containing material - composite pipe shell blanks - is intended for the production of products with diameters from 300 to 750 mm, preferably for diameters 315, 355, 400, 450, 500, 560 , 630, 710 mm, another production line is designed for the production of products with diameters from 700 to 950 mm, preferably for diameters of 710, 800, 900 mm, and the third is designed for the production of products with diameters from 850 to 1250 mm, preferably for diameters of 900, 1000, 1100, 1200 mm, and The products are made of low-pressure polyethylene, preferably a composition of light-stabilized black polyethylene pipe composition containing 2.0-2.5% carbon black, as well as polyethylene waste of the same brand from our own production in an amount of not more than 10% by weight, and the extrusion is carried out at a rate from 0.12 to 0.9 m / min.

At least part of the pipe transitions with the ratio of the diameters of the pipe-shell larger to smaller to 1.3 is performed with seamless waterproofing from the shell preform, mainly a round-cylindrical configuration of a smaller diameter, for example, a pipe-shell made of a polymer or polymer-containing material by non-destructively increasing the diameter with a given increment gradient per unit axial height of the transition zone per unit time, at least partially compensating for the decrease in wall thickness by the redistribution of material la in the deformable zone of the pipe transition.

A pipe of a given size is cut from the billet pipe shell and then subjected to its deformation, increasing the diameter by stretching the perimeter of the deformable length section by preheating the material of at least the specified section of the billet pipe to ductility temperature inclusive and applying axial compression pressure sufficient to create transition zone of irreversible deformations of non-destructive growth of the diameter and perimeter of the pipe-shell, and carry out the specified process with a given gradient p growth per unit axial height of the transition zone per unit time, at least partially compensating for the decrease in wall thickness by redistributing the material in the deformable zone of the blank of the waterproofing sheath pipe.

Preliminary heating of the pipe blank piece of the waterproofing sheath pipe made of polymer or polymer-containing material is carried out in a container 25 filled with glycerin, the temperature of which is automatically maintained within 125-145 ° C, preferably 134-136 ° C, and the inertial deviations of the glycerol temperature from the set value should not exceed 2 ° C, while glycerol heating is controlled using two thermocouples installed in the central part of the tank, connected to a microprocessor temperature controller (conditionally not so far in the drawings This is done), the workpiece pipe deformation is carried out by pulling it on the mandrel 26 for 15-200 s, after which it is held for 0.5-3.0 minutes and the composite pipe of the waterproofing sheath of the composite form made from the pipe workpiece is predominantly cold in time within no more than 30 minutes After cooling, wash the pipe-shell of the waterproofing to remove traces of glycerol, and then dry and apply markings on the outer surface of the waterproofing with an indication of the transition diameters.

For pipe transitions with waterproofing with smaller diameters, the numerical values of which lie in the range from 300 to 360 mm and large diameters, the numerical values of which lie in the range of 380 to 460 mm, the tension of the blank pipe shell from a polymer or polymer-containing material on the mandrel is carried out for 15-35 s, and for transitions with a smaller diameter from 365 mm, with a numerical value of a larger diameter from 440 mm, the tension of the blank pipe shell from a polymer or polymer-containing material on the mandrel is carried out for 40-200 s . After manufacturing, the pipe-sheath of the waterproofing from a polymer or polymer-containing material is placed in a template tool corresponding to its diameters and length, fixed and cut off the ends of the waterproofing deformed during manufacture due to the action of the load and elevated temperature.

At least part of the pipe transitions with the ratio of the diameters of the pipe-shell of the waterproofing larger to smaller from 1.29 is performed with waterproofing in the form of a composite shell from blanks of pipe-shells of a polymer or polymer-containing material of a larger and smaller diameter, obtained using at least at least one production line cut into round-cylindrical nozzles by cutting cylindrical non-flat wedges 27 in the near-edge zone of the nozzle of a larger diameter, forming a conditional th cylindrical triangle, mainly isosceles, with a conditional base in the plane of the pipe end face, leaving between each two nearest cutouts a cylindrical petal in the form of a truncated, mainly transversely truncated wedge. The height of the petal 28 is sufficient to form a bell of the transition from a larger diameter pipe to a smaller one, closing and connecting, mainly by welding, the side faces of adjacent petals 28 and connecting, mainly by welding, a smaller diameter pipe, while the sizes of the truncated ends of the petals 28 in the closed position of the side faces accept from the condition that the sum of the lengths of the ends of these petals 28 corresponds to the perimeter of the end of the pipe connected to them with a smaller diameter.

For cutting a blank pipe-sheath made of polymer or polymer-containing material into nozzles with a diameter of 300-330 mm, a tape cutting machine (not shown) is used, and with a diameter of more than 330 mm, at least one planetary saw is used, further cutting of all these nozzles is carried out, according to at least one electric jigsaw, while the depth of cuts of cylindrical non-planar wedges 27, forming the shape of a conditional cylindrical triangle, is taken to be almost equal to the initial distance between adjacent extreme t chkami truncated ends of petals 28, at least a conditional basis of said conditional cylindrical triangle formed by the corresponding cutout in the pipe.

Waterproofing in the form of a pipe-shell of a composite form of metal is made using at least one installation (not shown conventionally in the drawings) for the manufacture of metal, preferably steel waterproofing, as well as waterproofing blanks by twisting from sheet metal, preferably a tape, an airtight shell with ensuring during the process of crimping and sealing the castle joints.

The nozzles 2 of the working pipe 3 having different diameters, before being connected to the transitional part 4, are cut to a predetermined size from metal, for example steel working pipes 3, processed in a shot blasting machine 29, including a shot blasting chamber 30 with a working unit installed in it, having at least one, preferably at least two turbines 31 with throwing blades 32, a system 33 for cleaning and regenerating the composition of the working fluid, as well as feeding into the shot blasting chamber 30 for cleaning and receiving a cleaned pipe 3 to conveyors. Shot blasting unit 29 performs cleaning of working pipes 3 by impact for 4 to 45 minutes on a cleaned surface with a discrete working fluid in the form of a stream of directionally bombarding pipes at a speed of 55 to 110 m / s of abrasive particles, for example, metal shot or a mixture containing whole and crushed metal fraction, the ratio in the mixture of whole and crushed fraction is at least 1: 1, preferably 2: 1, with the formation during processing of the pipe oriented towards the movement of the pipe spiral an impact exposure spot of said particles moving over its surface, taking over the period T of the angular displacement to the width of the turbine throwing blade in the projection onto the cylindrical surface of a spiral rotating pipe, the shape of a beveled cylindrical quasi-parallelogram with a projection height in a conditional plane tangent to the generatrix of the pipe surface being cleaned and a normal average vector a stream of said particles of at least a throwing blade width and a base length in the axial direction of the pipe e less than the distance between the axes of the extreme turbines, the blades of which provide a throwing treatment with abrasive particles of the pipe surface, and during the cleaning process, the same section of the pipe surface is subjected to n-fold processing, quantitatively determined from the condition n≤L / A, where L is the distance between said turbine axes; A is the step of translational displacement of the pipe in one spiral revolution of the pipe.

Cutting to the nozzles of working pipes with a diameter of 273-720 mm can be done with a machine for cutting steel pipes and chamfering (not shown), and with a diameter of 219-1020 with a gas plasma cutting machine (not shown), with manual grinders (not shown) with grinding the edges are blunted and the ends are machined, including to eliminate, if necessary, the non-perpendicularity of the ends of the cut pipes 2 of the working pipe and obtaining the required bevel, and assembling and welding the pipes 2 of the working pipe and transition parts 4 by using a welding manipulator (in the drawings are not shown) and the welding apparatus (not shown), the longitudinal weld seam (not shown), at least a portion of the transition elements of the working tube 6 is disposed in a position hours 12 ± 1 hours.

Shot blasting, cutting and welding with a transitional part pipes 3 of the transition work tubes forming the transition of the work tubes 6 are placed on slipways (not shown) and plastic or metal-plastic centralizers 34 are installed on them, into the technological holes of which are passed for pipes with a diameter up to 426 mm inclusive, at least two wires 8 of the operational remote monitoring system (SODK) - indicator wires, the ends of the wires being fixed at the ends of the transition of the working pipes 6, after which DYT alignment axes finished waterproofing 5 - the jacket pipe a tube-shell composite shapes or preforms, cladding tube for waterproofing composite shapes and transition working tubes, after which carry thrust waterproofing 5 to switch the working tube 6 to form a double pipe structure.

The wires of the operational-remote control system are insulated, at least in the welding zone of the nozzles 2 of the working pipe 3, for example, with polyvinyl chloride tubes - cambrices (not shown).

When performing transition 1 with a branch to branch pipes 2 of the working pipe 3, branch pipes 35 are welded, and cuts are made in the blanks of the sheath pipe to connect the branch pipe branch (not shown) of the sheath pipe, and for cutting blanks of pipe-shells of waterproofing made of polymer or polymer-containing material use an electric jigsaw (not shown), and the assembly of the pipe construction in the pipe is carried out simultaneously with welding of the waterproofing 5, and at least part of the welding of the waterproofing 5 of polymer or poly mercer-containing material is produced by a manual extruder (not shown) by filling the seams with a molten polyethylene.

The design of the pipe in the pipe arrives at the filling station, containing at least one inclined casting table made with the possibility of adjusting the angle from 0 to 5 °, for example, using a hydraulic press (not shown), crimping equipment, at least one filling machine (not shown) with at least one filling head and a set of end technological plugs equipped with technological holes and ring rubber seals to prevent leakage of the pouring curable mixture during foaming Vania produce orientation structure pipe in pipe nipples welded longitudinal seam pipe in working position hours 12 ± 1 hours. On the ends of the waterproofing 5, technological plugs are installed in the form of sealing end flanges with technological holes, including filling holes for air outlet, and the air outlet holes are oriented at 12 o’clock. The flanges are pre-lubricated with a release agent, preferably based on waxes and silicones, to ensure tilt, raise the end of the pipe structure in the pipe from which the mixture is injected, the hydraulic press stop is set under the transition edge of the working pipes or flange, the angle of inclination is determined experimentally so that to ensure the minimum difference between the filling density at the ends of the pipe structure in the pipe, after which two-component foam is poured into the annulus Vai settable mixture, preferably a mixture of the polyol component and the isocyanate by placing nozzle head drilling the drilling machine to the annulus through the filling hole of the flange is preferably located at a position 3 hours from the end of the raised structure pipe in pipe and produce a mixture injection. In order to avoid the injection mixture escaping from the air outlet openings, the latter are closed at the time of injection, and after the filling process, the duration of which is calculated in advance and set on the time switch of the filling machine, the nozzle is removed, the filling hole in the flange is closed and the air outlet open . In the process of foaming the resulting polyurethane foam, the annular space is filled in from the bottom up with the simultaneous displacement of air from it through the air holes, 0.5-1 second after the start of the exit of the foam from the air exit openings, the hole covers are closed. After pouring, a certain time is held for the completion of chemical reactions, during which the formation of a layer of thermal insulation from polyurethane foam and its hardening takes place, and the removal of technological plugs and the further movement of pipe transitions are carried out no earlier than 10 minutes after the completion of pouring.

Each finished heat-insulated pipe transition 1 is subjected to external inspection, the completeness of the ends is checked and the length of the non-insulated ends of the working pipe is measured, and the installed wires of the operational remote control system — indicator wires and their marking are checked, and then the finished heat-insulated pipes pass the control pipe transitions are marked and sent for storage.

A set of pipe transitions with waterproofing in the form of a shell pipe of a composite shape can be made of polymer or polymer-containing material in the range of diameters of the nozzles of the working pipe with a smaller diameter from 200 to 950, mainly from 219 to 920 mm and selectively correlating with them in the spectra of manufactured pipe transitions larger diameter pipe nozzles in the range from 250 to 1050, preferably from 273 to 1020 mm, forming from one to ten, preferably up to five combinations of the latter with the same patrol the side of the working pipe of a smaller diameter, providing volumetric fencing of the working pipe with a waterproofing material, calculated from the ratio of the specific volume of waterproofing to the unit of usable linear meter of working pipe of each of the nozzles connected in the transition at the transition section of a smaller diameter of not more than 0.17, and at larger diameter - not less than 0.08.

A set of products for a heat-insulated pipeline includes products, each of which contains a working pipe or pipes of the working pipe, a layer of thermal insulation and external waterproofing, including a set of pipe transitions made in the manner described above.

Each pipe passage contains a transition 6 of the working pipes, preferably metal, for example steel, waterproofing 5 in the form of a sheath pipe for waterproofing a composite form, conditionally similar in shape to the transition of 6 working pipes with excess diameters relative to the corresponding diameters of the said transition 6 of working pipes by thickness Necessary and sufficient for the thermal insulation layer 7 placed under it from at least a two-component foamable curable mixture having a tight at least 60 kg / m ³ , and is equipped with wires 8 of the system of operational remote control.

The pipe passage 1 included in the kit is made with seamless waterproofing in the form of a composite shell with small external diameters of waterproofing lying in the range from 300 to 700 mm and large external diameters of waterproofing from 380 to 910 mm, with a total length of waterproofing of the shell from 650 to 1250 mm, and the transition with a small external diameter of the waterproofing lying in the range from 300 to 1150 mm and large external diameters of the waterproofing from 380 to 1250 mm, with a total waterproofing length of 750 to 1550 mm, are made, including, by cutting and weld and harvesting the jacket pipe waterproofing.

The pipe transition included in the kit from the kit can be made with a branch, while its waterproofing is made of a composite form with a branch by cutting and welding the blank of the waterproofing pipe-shell.

Products from the kit can be made with waterproofing from a polymer or polymer-containing material.

The pipe transition included in the kit from the kit, included in the kit from the kit, is made with a ratio of the diameters of the waterproofing pipe-shell larger to smaller from 1.29 with a waterproofing in the form of a composite shell obtained from blanks of pipe-shells made of a polymer or polymer-containing material and smaller diameters produced using at least one production line, cut into round-cylindrical nozzles by cutting larger cylinders in the near-end zone of the nozzle non-planar wedges, forming the shape of a conditional cylindrical triangle, mainly isosceles, with a conditional base in the plane of the pipe end face, leaving a truncated, mainly transversely truncated wedge between each two nearest cutouts, the height of the petal being sufficient to form a transition bell from a larger diameter pipe to a smaller one by closing and joining, mainly by welding, the side faces of adjacent petals and joining, mainly cooking, smaller diameter pipe, wherein the dimensions of the truncated ends of the petals in the closed position, the side faces formed by the condition that the sum of the lengths of the ends of said lobes corresponds to the perimeter of the end face connected with them the smaller diameter pipe.

The following is an example that does not cover or limit the scope of the claims, but is illustrative, illustrating a particular case of the present invention.

A pipe transition is made from a kit included in the set of products for a heat-insulated pipeline with a small diameter of the working pipe of 273 mm and a large diameter of 530 mm with waterproofing from a polymer material in the form of a pipe-shell of a composite shape, conditionally similar in shape to the transition of working pipes with a small with a diameter of 400 mm and a large diameter of 710 mm and a layer of thermal insulation made of polyurethane foam placed under it. The pipe passage is designed to connect pipes of heating networks laid by channel, tunnel and above-ground methods, designed for long-term exposure to a coolant temperature of up to 140 ° C (temperature increase up to 150 ° C is allowed within the schedule of quality control of heat supply 150-70 ° C).

Waterproofing is made in the form of a shell pipe of a composite form from blanks of pipe shells on the processing lines 10 shown in FIG. 3 from a polymeric material — a composition of low-pressure polyethylene of a light-stabilized pipe brand of black color, containing 2.0-2.5% carbon black, as well as polyethylene waste of the same brand from its own production in an amount of not more than 10% by weight.

Each blank of waterproofing is made in this way.

The polymer granules are dried in a dryer and preheated. The dried granules are fed from the dryer to operational containers with a capacity of 5.9 tons and 0.9 tons of feedstock feed station, from where they go directly to the extruder of the heating and extrusion station. Crushed secondary polyethylene from own production in the amount of 10% by weight is added to the operational capacity with a capacity of 5.9 tons through a pneumatic receiver. To ensure the uniformity of the composition, primary polyethylene - polymer granules are fed from the dryer and secondary polyethylene in turn: loading into the operational capacity of primary polyethylene for 20 minutes (about 900 kg), then loading through the pneumatic receiver of 100 kg of secondary polyethylene.

At the post of heating and extrusion, the source material is heated to the melting temperature and extruded under excessive pressure, which is combined with primary molding. Then, at the forming and calibration station, the sheath tube is subjected to vacuum triaxial tension with simultaneous cooling with water. Then the product is subjected to forced cooling and uniaxial stretching in the interval from the calibration post to the post of broaching devices, inclusive. To increase adhesion, a double corona spark spark treatment of the inner surface of the shell pipe preform is carried out with a discharge of 120 W to a surface tension of at least 50 dyne / cm ² and cutting of the shell pipe preform with a diameter and moving it along the output conveyor.

Then from the blanks of the pipe-shells with a diameter of 400 mm and 710 mm cut the nozzles using a tape cutting machine.

Cylindrical non-planar wedges are formed in the near-end zone of the pipe billet pipe preform of a larger diameter (710 mm), forming the shape of a conditional cylindrical isosceles triangle with a conditional base in the plane of the pipe end face, leaving a truncated, mainly transversely truncated wedge between each two nearest cutouts . Get 16 petals that close, weld the side faces of adjacent petals. A smaller diameter pipe and truncated ends of the petals are welded. In this way, a waterproofing is obtained in the form of a composite shell pipe with a small diameter of 400 mm and a large diameter of 710 mm.

To make a pipe transition, working pipes are used - steel pipes with a diameter of 273 mm and 530 mm, which are subjected to bead-blasting in a shot-blasting installation and cut into pipes of the required size using a tape cutting machine, the edges are blunted and the ends of the pipes are grinded. The obtained nozzles with a diameter of 273 and 530 mm are connected to the transitional part and welded using a welding manipulator and a welding apparatus, while orienting the longitudinal weld of the transition elements of the working pipes to the 12 o'clock position.

The transition of working pipes obtained in this way is placed on the stocks and plastic centralizers are installed on them, into the technological holes of which two wires of the operational remote monitoring system - indicator wires - are passed. The wires of the operational-remote control system in the welding zone of the nozzles of the working pipe are isolated with polyvinyl chloride tubes - cambric. The ends of the wires are fixed at the ends of the transition of the working pipes, after which the axes of the finished waterproofing are combined - the sheath pipe of a composite shape, conditionally similar in shape to the transition of the working pipes and the transition of the working pipes, after which the waterproofing is pushed onto the transition of the working pipes with the formation of the pipe structure in the pipe .

The design of the pipe in the pipe enters the pouring station containing one inclined casting table of the pouring station.

The pipe construction in the pipe is oriented by the longitudinal welded seam of the pipes of the working pipes at the 12 o'clock position ± 1 hour, technological plugs are installed on the ends of the waterproofing in the form of sealing end flanges with technological holes, some of which are filling, and the others serve for air outlet. The air outlet openings are oriented to the 12 o'clock position. Flanges are pre-lubricated with wax and silicone based release agent. The emphasis of the hydraulic press is installed under the edge of the transition of the working pipes and the end of the pipe structure is raised in the pipe from which the mixture is injected. A two-component expandable curable mixture of the polyol as one component and isocyanate is poured into the annular space by placing the nozzle of the casting head of the casting machine in the annular space through the casting hole of the flange located at the 3 o'clock position from the elevated end of the pipe structure in the pipe and the mixture is injected. In order to avoid the injection mixture escaping from the air outlet openings, the latter are closed at the time of injection, and after the filling process is completed, the nozzle is removed, the filling hole in the flange is closed, and the air outlet openings are opened. In the process of foaming the resulting polyurethane foam, the annular space is filled upward from the bottom, while air is forced out of it through the air holes. 0.5-1 second after the start of the exit of the foam from the openings for the exit of air, the covers of the openings are closed. After pouring, a certain time is held for the completion of chemical reactions, during which the formation of a layer of thermal insulation from polyurethane foam and its hardening takes place. Removing technological plugs and further moving pipe transitions is carried out no earlier than 10 minutes after the end of pouring.

Each finished heat-insulated pipe transition is subjected to external inspection, the completeness of the ends is checked and the length of the non-insulated ends of the working pipe is measured, and the installed wires of the operational remote control system - indicator wires and their marking are monitored. Passed control ready heat-insulated pipe junction marked and sent for storage.

Thus, a pipe transition is obtained containing a transition of working pipes 273 to 530 mm with waterproofing in the form of a composite shell pipe of low pressure polyethylene with a ratio of the diameter of the pipe shell greater (710 mm) to smaller (400 mm) of 1.78 and a layer of thermal insulation from polyurethane foam equipped with SODK wires. The pipe passage is made with the change in the volumetric enclosure of the working pipe with waterproofing material from 0.148 to 0.117, where the first digit is the ratio of the specific volume of waterproofing to the unit of usable volume of a linear meter of the smaller of the diameter of the working pipe connected in the transition, and the second for the larger pipe diameter. Obtained by the above method, the pipe transition provides a reduction in heat loss and an increase in the reliability of the pipeline as a whole, and the method of its production is characterized by universality, technological simplicity, and cost-effectiveness of production.

Claims (25)

1. A method of manufacturing a set of heat-insulated pipe junctions, characterized in that each pipe junction from the said set is made from different diameters of the nozzles of the working pipe connected to the adapter part, preferably from the same material as the said nozzles having the shape of a socket with ends for smaller and larger diameters of these nozzles, waterproofing is separately made from a polymer or polymer-containing material or from sheet metal in the form of a pipe-sheath of a distinct form, conditionally similar in shape to the transition of the working pipes with diameters exceeding the diameters relative to the corresponding diameters of the said transition of the working pipes to a thickness necessary and sufficient to place a protective layer of thermal insulation under it, center the transition of the working pipes at least in the linear sections of the pipes forming it, they mount the wires of the operational remote control system and combine the aforementioned waterproofing with the transition of the working pipes, seal the ends of the insulation and fill the insulation layer from at least two-component foamable curable mixture, exposure and removal of technological plugs, and similarly perform a set of pipe transitions in the range of diameters of the pipes of the working pipe with a smaller diameter from 200 to 950 mm, mainly from 219 to 920 mm, and selectively correlating with them in the spectra of manufactured pipe transitions by larger diameter pipe nozzles in the range from 250 to 1050 mm, mainly from 273 to 1020 mm, with the formation m from one to ten, preferably up to five, combinations of the latter with the same nozzle of the working pipe of smaller diameter, providing volumetric enclosure of the working pipe with insulating material, calculated from the ratio of the specific volume of thermal insulation to the unit of usable volume of the conditional linear meter of the working pipe of each the nozzles connected in the transition at the transition section of a smaller diameter of not more than 1.4, and at the section of a larger diameter - not less than 0.25, and at least part of the pipe transitions with waterproofing and a polymer or polymer-containing material is made to provide volumetric fencing of the working pipe with waterproofing material, calculated from the ratio of the specific volume of waterproofing to the unit of usable linear meter of working pipe of each of the nozzles connected in the transition in the transition section of a smaller diameter of not more than 0.17, and in the area of a larger diameter - not less than 0.08. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the waterproofing in the form of a pipe-shell of a composite form is made from blanks of pipe-shells made of a polymer or polymer-containing material using at least one production line adapted for the given parameters of the workpiece shell pipes containing successively located and interconnected process stations, including stations such as a reception, storage, drying station and a feed station for raw materials — polymer granules, heating and extruding the polymer mass, a post forming and calibrating the product, containing at least a vacuum compartment, a cooling post, stabilizing the shape and strength of the product, a post of broaching devices equipped with external and internal electrodes, a post-core electrospark treatment of the inner surface of the pipe billet - casings, product cutting post, output conveyor, as well as power supply systems, start and stop lines, process water supply, sewage, control and measurement systems and t technological processes, and the manufacture of shell pipe blanks is carried out by heating the initial polymer granules, extruding, primary molding of shell pipe blanks by extrusion of the polymer mass when heated and overpressure, secondary molding of the product, calibration and stabilization of its shape under vacuum triaxial tension with simultaneous cooling uniaxial stretching from the calibration post to the post of broaching devices, inclusive, cutting the workpiece for composite shell pipes and keeping it for a set of strength. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that each of the listed posts of the processing line is equipped with technological equipment capable of automatically and / or adjusted to achieve dynamic balance of the mass of the manufactured product passed through the equipment of the posts, varying the temperature and speed to the values required and sufficient for the formation, maintenance and stabilization of the required parameters for the calculated spectrum of the manufactured blanks of pipe shells provided for production on the production line, including an alternating pressure range in the mass of the produced pipe-shell billet at various technological stations, from overpressure at the extrusion station to triaxial tension at the molding and calibration station and uniaxial tension in the section from the calibration station to the station of broaching devices, inclusive, why the post of heating and extruding the polymer mass is equipped with a removable transfer device with an exit slot adapted to the function of preparing for molds the formation of the molten polymer mass under the geometrical parameters of the blank pipe-shell blank, and the post forming and calibration of the product is provided with a calibrating device combined with vacuum and cooling systems, which is interchangeably adapted for the production of a specific product in the spectrum provided for production on line. 4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that before feeding the polymer granules to the heating and extrusion post, they are dried, combined with preliminary heating, heating at the heating and extrusion post is produced to the melting temperature of the starting material, extrusion under excess pressure is combined with the primary molding, and at the molding and calibration station, the shell pipe is subjected to vacuum triaxial tension with simultaneous cooling mainly with water, then the product is forced to and cool the uniaxial stretching in the interval from fasting to post calibration broaching devices inclusive, whereupon the crown spark erosion inner surface of the blank pipe shell discharge capacity of 90-135 watts to the surface tension value of at least 50 dynes / cm ² and cut-preform cladding tube and moving it along the output conveyor. 5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that when starting up a production line adapted to the given parameters of the shell-pipe blank, a start-up system is used that includes an autonomous pulling device immobilized at the post of the broaching devices and a removable movable post in the form of a satellite pipe with a preliminary placed internal electrode of the post of the crown electrospark treatment and the tension cable, while the satellite pipe is connected at one end to the initial end face of the waterproofing made immediately After its primary molding at the post of heating and extrusion, and at the other end, it is pulled using a pulling device to the post of the broaching devices, inclusive, after passing through the satellite pipe which technologically fixed placement of the internal electrode in an isolated space inside the produced waterproofing in the position reciprocal to the external electrode of the post of the crown electrospark treatment, after which at the post of cutting the pipe - the satellite is disconnected from the manufactured product. 6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that at least one production line used for the manufacture of waterproofing from polymer or polymer-containing material - blanks of shell-pipes of a composite shape, is intended for the production of products with diameters from 300 to 750 mm, preferably for diameters 315, 355, 400, 450, 500, 560, 630, 710 mm, another production line is designed for the production of products with diameters from 700 to 950 mm, preferably for diameters 710, 800, 900 mm, and the third is for the production of products with diameters from 850 to 1250 mm, preferably , for diameters of 900, 1000, 1100, 1200 mm, and the products are made of low-pressure polyethylene, preferably a composition of light-stabilized pipe grade black polyethylene containing 2.0-2.5% carbon black, as well as waste polyethylene of the same brand from its own production in an amount of not more than 10% by weight, and the extrusion is carried out at a speed of from 0.12 to 0.9 m / min. 7. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that at least part of the pipe transitions with the ratio of the diameters of the pipe-shell waterproofing larger to smaller than 1.29 is performed by waterproofing in the form of a composite shell from blanks of pipe-shells made of polymer or polymer-containing material of larger and smaller diameters obtained using at least one production line, cut into round-cylindrical nozzles by cutting cylindrical non-planar nozzles of a larger diameter wedges forming the shape of a conditional cylindrical triangle, mainly isosceles, with a conditional base in the plane of the pipe end face, leaving between each two nearest cuts of the cylindrical petal in the form of a truncated, mainly transversely truncated wedge, and the height of the petal is sufficient to form a bell transition from a larger diameter pipe to smaller, closing and joining, mainly by welding the side faces of adjacent petals and joining, mainly by welding smaller diameter tube, the dimensions of the truncated ends of the petals in the closed position, the side faces receive from the condition that the sum of the lengths of the ends of said lobes corresponds perimeter end connectable with them the smaller diameter pipe. 8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that for cutting the billet pipe sheath made of polymer or polymer-containing material into nozzles with a diameter of 300-330 mm, a tape cutting machine is used, and at least one planetary saw is used with a diameter of more than 330 mm, further cutting of all these pipes is carried out with at least one electric jigsaw, while the depth of cuts of non-planar cylindrical wedges forming the shape of a conditional cylindrical triangle is taken to be almost equal to the initial distance between adjacent the outermost points of the ends of the truncated petals, at least in a conditional basis of said conditional cylindrical triangle formed by the corresponding cutout in the pipe. 9. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that at least part of the pipe transitions with the ratio of the diameters of the pipe-shell larger to smaller to 1.3 is performed with seamless waterproofing in the form of a pipe-shell made of a polymer or polymer-containing material of composite form from obtained on the production line of the billet pipe of a smaller diameter from which a pipe of a given size is cut off, and then subjected to deformation, increasing the diameter by stretching the perimeter of the deformable length section by preheating m material of at least the specified section of the workpiece up to and including ductility temperature and applying axial compression pressure sufficient to create non-destructive increments in the transition zone of non-destructive increment of the diameter and perimeter of the sheath pipe, and carry out the specified process with a specified growth gradient per unit axial height of the transition zone per unit time, at least partially compensating for the decrease in wall thickness by redistribution of the material in the deformable zone of the blank pipe-sheath guide oizolyatsii. 10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the preheating of the pipe preform of the waterproofing sheath pipe from a polymer or polymer-containing material is carried out in a container filled with glycerin, the temperature of which is automatically maintained within 125-145 ° C, preferably 134-136 ° C moreover, the inertial deviations of the glycerin temperature from the set value should not exceed 2 ° С, while the glycerol heating is controlled using two thermocouples installed in the central part of the tank connected to a microprocessor thermoreg In addition, deformation of the billet pipe is carried out by tensioning it on the mandrel for 15-200 s, after which it is held for 0.5-3.0 minutes and the composite pipe of the waterproofing sheath made from the pipe billet is predominantly cooled in time mainly with cold water within no more than 30 minutes, moreover, after cooling, the pipe-shell of the waterproofing is washed to remove traces of glycerin, and then drying is carried out and marking is indicated on the outer surface of the waterproofing with the indication of diameters of ode. 11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that for pipe junctions having waterproofing with smaller diameters, the numerical values of which lie in the range from 300 to 360 mm, and large diameters, the numerical values of which lie in the range of 380 to 460 mm, tension blanks of the shell pipe from polymer or polymer-containing material on the mandrel are carried out for 15-35 s, and for transitions with a smaller diameter from 365 mm, with a numerical value of a larger diameter from 440 mm, the tension of the blank pipe shell from polymer or polymer-containing material is not and the mandrel is carried out for 40-200 s, while after manufacturing the pipe-sheath of the waterproofing from a polymer or polymer-containing material is placed in a template tool corresponding to its diameters and length, it is fixed and the ends of the waterproofing are deformed during manufacture due to load and elevated temperature. 12. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the waterproofing in the form of a pipe-shell composite form of metal is made using at least one installation for the manufacture of metal, preferably steel waterproofing, as well as blanks of waterproofing by twisting from sheet metal , preferably, tape hermetic shell with the provision in the production process of compression and sealing of the locking joints. 13. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the pipes of the working pipe having different diameters are cut to a predetermined size from metal, such as steel, working pipes, subjected to processing in a shot blasting machine, including a shot blasting chamber, installed in it, before connecting to the transitional part a working unit having at least one, preferably at least two, a turbine with throwing blades, a system for cleaning and regenerating the composition of the working fluid, and also feeding into the shot blasting chamber for cleaning and receiving the conveyor being cleaned, the shot blasting machine cleaning the working pipes by impact for 4 to 45 minutes on the surface to be cleaned with a discrete working fluid in the form of a stream of directionally bombarding pipes with a speed of 55 to 110 m / s of abrasive particles, for example, metal shot or a mixture containing a whole and crushed metal fraction, and the ratio in the mixture of whole and crushed fraction is at least 1: 1, preferably 2: 1, with the formation during the processing oriented towards the movement of the pipe, the spot of impacts of the indicated particles spirally moving along its surface, taking over the period T of the angular displacement to the width of the turbine throwing blade in the projection onto the cylindrical surface of the spiral rotating pipe, the shape of a beveled cylindrical quasi-parallelogram with the projection height in the reference plane tangent to the generatrix of the pipe surface being cleaned and normal to the average flow vector of said particles, which is not less than the width of the throwing blade, and the length of the the axial direction of the pipe is not less than the distance between the axes of the extreme turbines, the blades of which provide a throwing treatment with abrasive particles of the pipe surface, and during the cleaning process, the same section of the pipe surface is subjected to n-fold treatment, quantified from the condition n≤L / A where L is the distance between the mentioned axes of the turbines; A is the step of translational displacement of the pipe in one spiral revolution of the pipe. 14. The method according to p. 13, characterized in that the cutting into the nozzles of the working pipes with a diameter of 273-720 mm is performed by a machine for cutting steel pipes and chamfering, and with a diameter of 219-1020 mm by a gas-plasma cutting machine, while manual grinders with grinding the edges are blunted and the ends are machined, including to eliminate, if necessary, the non-perpendicularity of the ends of the cut pipes of the working pipe and to obtain the required bevel, and the assembly and welding of the pipes of the working pipe and transitional parts are carried out using calling welding manipulators and welding machines, and the longitudinal weld of at least part of the transition elements of the working pipe is positioned at 12 hours ± 1 hour. 15. The method according to p. 14, characterized in that the pipes of the working pipes of the transition that form the transition of the working pipes that underwent bead-blasting, cutting and welding with the transitional part are placed on the stocks and plastic or metal-plastic centralizers are installed on them, into the technological holes of which they pass at least. two, preferably three wires of the operational remote monitoring system - indicator conductors, the ends of the wires being fixed at the ends of the transition of the working pipes, after which the axes of the finished waterproofing are combined - the shell pipe of the composite form, or the blanks of the pipe shell for waterproofing the composite form and the transition of workers pipes, after which the waterproofing is thrown onto the transition of the working pipes with the formation of the pipe structure in the pipe. 16. The method according to p. 15, characterized in that the wires of the operational remote control system are insulated, at least in the welding zone of the nozzles of the working pipe, for example, polyvinyl chloride tubes - cambric. 17. The method according to p. 15, characterized in that when performing the transition with a branch to the branch pipes of the working pipe, branch pipes are welded, and cuts are made in the blanks of the sheath pipe to connect the branch pipe of the sheath pipe, and for cutting the blanks of the waterproofing shell pipes from polymer or polymer-containing material using an electric jigsaw, and the assembly of the pipe structure in the pipe is carried out simultaneously with the welding of waterproofing, and at least part of the welding of waterproofing from polymer or polymer-containing material is produced by a manual extruder by pouring joints with a molten polyethylene. 18. The method according to p. 15, characterized in that the design of the pipe in the pipe enters the pouring station, containing at least one inclined casting table, configured to adjust the angle from 0 to 5 °, for example, using a hydraulic press crimping tooling of at least one casting machine with at least one casting head and a set of end technological plugs equipped with technological holes and ring rubber seals to prevent leakage of the pouring cured mixture and when foaming, the pipe structure is oriented in the pipe with a longitudinal welded seam of the pipes of the working pipes at the 12 o'clock position ± 1 hour, technological plugs are installed on the ends of the waterproofing in the form of sealing end flanges with technological holes, including filling holes and for air outlet, and the holes they are oriented at 12 o'clock for air to exit, while the flanges are pre-lubricated with release agent, preferably based on waxes and silicones, to ensure the inclination of the lift the end of the pipe structure in the pipe from which the mixture is injected, and the hydraulic press stop is placed under the transition edge of the working pipes or flange, the angle of inclination is determined experimentally so as to ensure the minimum difference between the filling density at the ends of the pipe structure in the pipe, after which a two-component expandable curable mixture, preferably a mixture of a polyol as one component and isocyanate, is poured into the annular space by placing the nozzle of the casting head with of a casting machine in the annulus through the pouring hole of the flange, preferably located at the 3 o'clock position, from the side of the raised end of the pipe structure in the pipe and the mixture is injected, in order to avoid the injection of the mixture from the air outlet, the latter is closed at the time of injection, and after the filling process, the duration of which is calculated in advance and set on the time relay of the filling machine, the nozzle is removed, the filling hole in the flange is closed, and the holes for exit open the air, in the process of foaming the resulting polyurethane foam, the annulus is filled from the bottom up with the simultaneous displacement of air from it through the air holes, 0.5-1 s after the start of the exit of the foam from the air exit openings, the openings of the openings are closed, they are kept after filling a certain time for the completion of chemical reactions, during which the formation of a layer of thermal insulation from polyurethane foam and its hardening, and the removal of technological plugs and long Pipe crossings are moved around the neck no earlier than 10 minutes after pouring. 19. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that each finished heat-insulated pipe junction is subjected to external inspection, control the completeness of the ends and measure the length of the uninsulated ends of the working pipe, and also monitor the installed wires of the operational remote monitoring system - indicator wires and their marking, then the finished heat-insulated pipe transitions that passed the test are marked and sent for storage. 20. A set of products for a heat-insulated pipeline, characterized in that it includes products, each of which contains a working pipe or pipes of the working pipe, a layer of thermal insulation and external waterproofing, including a set of pipe transitions made by the method according to any one of claims 1 -19, and each transition contains a transition of working pipes, preferably metal, for example steel, waterproofing in the form of a composite shell in the form of a shell pipe, conditionally similar in shape to the transition of working pipes with diameters o regarding the respective diameters of the said transition of the working pipes to a thickness necessary and sufficient for the protective insulation layer placed under it from at least a two-component foamable curable mixture having an estimated density in the middle of the layer of at least 60 kg / m ³ and equipped with wires of the operational system remote control. 21. The kit according to claim 20, characterized in that the set of pipe transitions included in the kit is made with waterproofing each product in the form of a composite shell with small external diameters of the waterproofing lying in the range from 300 to 700 mm and large external diameters of the waterproofing from 380 to 910 mm with a total length of waterproofing of the shell from 650 to 1250 mm, and a transition with a small external diameter of waterproofing lying in the range from 300 to 1150 mm, and large external diameters of waterproofing from 380 to 1250 mm with a total length of waterproofing from 750 to 1550 mm out They were supplied, inter alia, by the method of cutting and welding the blank of the pipe-shell of waterproofing. 22. The kit according to claim 20, characterized in that the set of pipe transitions included in the kit is made in the range of diameters of the nozzles of the working pipe with a smaller diameter from 200 to 950 mm, mainly from 219 to 920 mm and selectively correlating with them in the spectra manufactured pipe transitions with larger diameter pipe connections in the range from 250 to 1050 mm, mainly from 273 to 1020 mm, with volumetric fencing of the pipe working with waterproofing material, calculated from the ratio of the specific volume of waterproofing to unit th conditional volume per meter of working tube of each of the connected pipes in transition to the smaller diameter of the transition portion has not more than 0.17, and in the portion of greater diameter - no less than 0.08. 23. The kit according to claim 20, characterized in that at least one pipe passage included in the kit from the kit is made with seamless waterproofing from a polymer or polymer-containing material and the ratio of the diameters of the pipe-shell waterproofing larger to smaller to 1.3 from a blank of a shell, mainly of a round-cylindrical configuration of a smaller diameter by non-destructive increase in diameter with a given growth gradient per unit axial height of the transition zone per unit time, at least partially compensating decreasing the wall thickness of material redistribution in the deformable zone of the tubular transition. 24. The kit according to claim 20, characterized in that at least one pipe passage included in the kit is made with a ratio of the diameters of the pipe-shell waterproofing larger to smaller from 1.29 with waterproofing in the form of a composite shell obtained from blanks of pipe-shells made of a polymer or polymer-containing material of larger and smaller diameters, made using at least one production line, cut into round-cylindrical nozzles by cutting a nozzle in the frontal zone a larger diameter of cylindrical non-planar wedges, forming the shape of a conditional cylindrical triangle, mainly isosceles, with a conditional base in the plane of the pipe end face, leaving between each two nearest cutouts a cylindrical petal in the form of a truncated, mainly transversely truncated wedge, and the petal height is sufficient to form a transition bell from branch pipe of larger diameter to smaller by closing and connecting, mainly by welding the side faces of adjacent petals, etc. compound preferably welding of smaller pipe diameter, wherein the dimensions of the truncated ends of the petals in the closed position, the side faces formed by the condition that the sum of the lengths of the ends of said lobes corresponds to the perimeter of the end face connected with them the smaller diameter pipe. 25. The kit according to claim 20, characterized in that at least one pipe transition included in the kit from the kit is made with a branch, while its waterproofing is made of a composite form with a branch by cutting and welding the blank of the waterproofing sheath pipe.

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