RU2391569C2 - Three-row spherical rolling bearing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: rolling bearing consists of internal (4) and external (1) rings with rolling paths, and of rolling elements arranged between them and made as two-step rollers (2) and (3) installed in seats of separator. A bigger step of the roller with one section contact only the rolling path of ring (1), while a smaller one with two sections contacts only rolling paths of ring (4) with its two inclined sections and with a middle cylinder section at constant and the same velocity of rotation. Inclined and middle sections of rolling pats of ring (4) have grooves to form a gap with bigger steps of rollers (2) and (3); the latter are made of a barrel shape. The rolling path of ring (1) is spherical with centre on axis of ring rotation. Two sections of smaller steps of two end rows of rollers (2) are of a conic type; while two sections of smaller steps of rollers (3) of a middle row are of a cylinder type. All rollers (2) and (3) are installed in one separator (5); also a position of separator (5) is fixed with thrust spring rings (6) on external side on ring (4). Rollers (2) and (3) are arranged in rows in a staggered order. There is made knurl on surface of rolling elements, for example in form of contour of honey comb of 10 to 100 mcm depth to increase independent friction coefficient and as the indicator of wear.

EFFECT: facilitating operation at high rotation velocity, increased carrying capacity, service life and reliability of operation of bearing, reduced consumption of lubrication, reduced noise, and reduced elastic hysteresis in zone of big steps contact.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of engineering, mainly to the branches of heavy engineering.

Known rolling bearings - roller and radial spherical double-row and three-row, containing the outer and inner rings with raceways, the rolling bodies placed between them, made in the form of barrel-shaped symmetrical rollers installed uniformly in the nests of the separators. The raceway of the outer ring is made on a sphere centered on the axis of rotation of the rings. The spherical raceways of the inner ring are angled to each other. This ensures that the bearing accepts two-way axial load. Only one row of rollers perceives radial and axial loads. The outer rings allow up to 3 ° rotation in the bearings.

One of the disadvantages of the known roller double-row and three-row spherical rolling bearings is the presence of rolling friction with slipping of the rolling elements during their operation. This follows from the fact that the rollers cannot simultaneously roll without sliding along the raceways of smaller and larger diameters, between which they are enclosed in a bearing.

Moreover, for rollers, the path with sliding friction to the path with rolling friction refers, for example, as 72/1 and 174/1 or more. And the ratio of sliding friction to rolling friction refers to both 500/1 and 10000/1. That is why the rolling bearing is heated from 100 to 300 ° C or more.

In addition, the outer ring of the bearing must rotate in the opposite direction with respect to the direction of rotation of the shaft from the contact of the rollers with the raceways.

In the bearing, two extreme rows of rollers with cages rotate at the same frequency, and the middle row of rollers and their cage rotates at a lower frequency.

It should be noted that for this reason, the rotational speed of spherical roller bearings is low - from 400 to 125 min ^-1 . The abrasive wear of the rolling elements is, for example, up to 5 mm in 5000 hours of operation.

Known rolling bearing - prototype according to patent RU No. 2232926 (see figure 5).

The rolling bearing consists of an outer ring with a spherical type raceway, rolling elements, an inner ring and a cage (not shown in FIG. 5). On the inner ring, two annular grooves are made at an angle for the location with a gap of a larger roller stage made of a barrel-shaped type, and two inclined raceways are made in contact with two conical sections of the lower roller stages in a line, and large roller stages are in contact with the outer raceway rings, while the condition for assembling the bearing must be met:

The purpose of the invention:

- providing a higher speed;

- reducing the effect of elastic hysteresis in the contact zone of the rolling elements with the raceway of the outer ring of the bearing;

- ensuring a clean rolling of the rolling bodies without slipping to all three rows of rollers when rolling along the raceways of the bearing.

The goals and technical effect of the invention is achieved due to the fact that all the rollers are installed in one separator, while the position of the separator is fixed on the outside of the bearing inner ring by thrust spring rings, the relative position of the rollers in the rows is staggered, and to increase the independent adhesion coefficient and as an indicator of wear acts the knurling applied on the surfaces of the rolling elements, for example, in the form of a honeycomb contour with a depth of 10 to 100 microns.

Figure 1 shows a rolling spherical roller bearing three-row.

In Fig. 2 the same rolling bearing is shown, but differs from Fig. 1 in the design of the rolling bodies — by rollers, which are prefabricated and contain a large step made in the form of a ring installed in the grooves of the two extreme rows with smaller steps — conical type, and in the middle row of smaller steps - a cylindrical type.

The three-row spherical roller bearing in Fig. 1 consists of an outer ring 1 with a spherical type raceway with holes for supplying lubricant, two extreme rows of rollers 2 - of a two-stage type, in which one large stage is barrel-shaped, and two sections of the lower stages are conical type , rollers 3 — of the middle row, the large step of which is barrel-shaped, and the two sections of the lower stages are of the cylindrical type, the lower ring 4 with two inclined raceways and the middle section of the cylindrical type with annular grooves in the places of installation of large steps of rollers, a separator 5 of increased strength, made integral and bearing rollers 2 and 3 in three rows of staggered stitches, and the separator housing 5 is fixed on the outside of the inner ring 4 by two spring-loaded rings 6. The separator is made of brass or bronze, for example beryllium, or from carbon fiber plastic.

The rolling bearing in figure 2 differs in the execution of rolling elements 2 and 3. The large stages of the rollers 2 and 3 contain barrel-shaped rings on the outside, which contact only with the raceway of the outer ring 1 of the bearing, and in contact with the lower stages of the rollers 2 and 3 they run in the cylindrical sections of the grooves of the rolling bodies - rollers 2 and 3 in three rows. Moreover, the rings are equal in magnitude to the design diameters of the large steps D _wm3 and D _wm4 , and for assembly purposes they are made larger, their radii with the axes of the rollers 2 and 3 are equal to D _{wm3 / 2} and D _{wm4 / 2} in the area of their contact with the raceway outer ring 1. This design reduces the effect of elastic hysteresis in contact with the race track of ring 1. It is not the calculated radius that comes into contact, but the increased radius, which results in increased contact with the race track.

It should be noted that the linear contacts of two sections of the lower stages of the rollers 2 - conical type, and two linear sections of the lower stages of the rollers 3 - cylindrical type significantly increase both the radial and axial bearing capacity.

The rolling bearing (Fig. 1) works as follows: when the shaft rotates, the bearing ring 4 rotates, the rollers 2 and 3 with their smaller steps D _wm1 and D _{wm2 are} run only along the raceways d _1m and d _{2m of the} inner ring 4. It should be noted that the diameters D _{wm2 of the} smaller steps of the rollers 2 are equal to the diameters D _{wm2 of the} smaller steps of the rollers 3 of the cylindrical type, the diameters d _2m along which they are rolled are equal.

Large steps D _{wm3 of the} rollers 2 are run in only along the raceways D _1m . And the large steps D _{wm4 of the} rollers 3 of the middle row are run-in only in the zone of contact with the raceway with D _2m without slipping.

On the outer surfaces of the rollers 2 and 3, knurling of the type of honeycombs was performed, for example, with a depth of 10 to 100 μm, in order to preserve lubrication on the working surfaces of the rollers and as indicators of wear.

The rolling bearing of FIG. 2 works similarly to the bearing of FIG. 1. The only difference is that the rings of large steps in contact with the cylindrical sections of the grooves in the sections of the lower stages of the rollers 2 and 3 run in without slipping.

The rotation of the rollers 2 and 3 along the raceways in FIGS. 1 and 2 takes place at a constant and equal speed without slipping. In this case, the condition for assembling the bearing is satisfied:

where d _1m is the diameter of the raceway of the inner ring of the bearing;

D _wm1 - a smaller step of the roller 2;

d _2m is the diameter of the raceway of the inner section of the ring;

D _wm2 - a smaller step of the roller 2 and 3;

D _1m is the diameter of the raceway of the outer ring;

D _wm3 - a large step of the roller 2;

D _2m is the diameter of the raceway of the outer ring, the diameter of the sphere;

D _wm4 - the big step of the roller 3.

It should be noted that the pure rolling of the large steps of the rollers 2 and 3 can be carried out along the line only near the “pole” of these steps, and on the consoles of these sections to the right and left of the “pole” zone, the rolling occurs with slippage. This drawback is present in all standard spherical roller bearings.

This design of a spherical three-row roller bearing has advantages:

- the ability to work at high speeds, for example, up to 2000 min ^-1 or more;

- double the bearing capacity both radial and axial;

- reduce elastic hysteresis in the contact zone of large roller steps;

- increase durability, for example, from 20,000 hours to 100,000;

- ensure a clean rolling of all rollers without slipping;

- reduce the lubricant consumption by five times, since there is no need to pump a large amount of lubricant to remove the slip products from the bearing and in order to reduce their heating;

- reduce noise to 20 ... 40 dB due to the victory over sliding friction, as well as through the use of a thin layer of lubricant with a viscosity of 50,000 ... 60,000 cSt, and the bearing works with rolling friction, for example, equal to 0.00003;

- increase reliability and trouble-free operation, reduce repair costs;

- ensure operation in extreme conditions without lubrication, for example, up to 20 hours;

- occupy a free niche for another bearing of the “pioneering invention”, which works on pure rolling friction, which allows the outer ring to turn up to 3 ° without reducing the speed and durability;

- in order to increase the independent coefficient of adhesion, knurling is performed on the surfaces of the rolling bodies in the form of a honeycomb contour, and also as an indicator of wear.

In general, the new bearing stands for stopping the dead end of the development of standard "rolling" bearings, the noise of which we meet daily on the roads, in workshops up to 120 dB.

30 ... 40% of all technological disasters and accidents occur in standard rolling bearings.

Bearings can be used on rolling mills, on casting ladles of melting shops, dredges, cement plants, in axle boxes of high-speed railroad cars, ... drilling units, ... pumps, ... fans. ... And on vibrating screens, knocking out grids - other types of bearings are needed.

Bearings of a new type allow:

- save fuel and reduce drive power, for example, by 10 ... 30%, significantly reduce emissions of kilograms of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere;

- reduce accident rate and maintain the gene pool, the death on the roads is equal in number of local wars - 30 ... 300 thousand a year, and even more wounded, which cannot be compensated for by any compensation;

- reduce the heating temperature of the bearing, for example, from 50 to 90 ° C. Wheel slopes burn on roads, trolleybuses, Ikarus, KAMAZs on axle boxes ... from heating axle boxes more than 400 ° С.

Claims (1)

The spherical roller bearing is three-row spherical, containing inner and outer rings with raceways, rolling elements placed between them, made in the form of two-stage rollers installed in cage seats, a large roller stage having one section contacts only with the raceway of the outer ring of the bearing, and the lower step of the roller, made with two sections, is in contact only with the raceways of its inner ring with its two inclined sections and the middle cylindrical section, with the same and the same speed, while the condition for assembling the bearing must be met:

,
where d _1m is the diameter of the raceway of the inner ring of the bearing;
D _wm1 - a smaller step of the roller 2;
d _2m is the diameter of the raceway of the inner ring - section of the ring;
D _wm2 - a smaller step of the roller 2 and 3;
D _1m is the diameter of the raceway of the outer ring;
D _wm3 - a large step of the roller 2;
D _2m is the diameter of the raceway of the outer ring is the diameter of the sphere;
D _wm4 - a large step of the roller 3,
and the inclined and middle sections of the raceways of the inner ring are made with grooves to form a gap with large steps of rollers, the latter are barrel-shaped, and the raceway of the outer ring of the bearing is made spherical with a center on the axis of rotation of the rings, it is made of an angular contact type, and two sections are smaller the steps of the two extreme rows of rollers are made of conical type, and two sections of the smaller steps of the rollers of the middle row are made of cylindrical type, characterized in that all the rollers are installed in one with a parator, while the position of the cage is fixed on the inner ring of the bearing by thrust spring rings, and the relative position of the rollers in the rows is staggered, and to increase the independent coefficient of adhesion, knurling applied to the surfaces of the rolling bodies acts as an indicator of wear, for example, in the form of a honeycomb contour with a depth of 10 to 100 microns.

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