RU2385422C1 - Rolling radial bearing of gyroscope - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: rolling radial bearing of gyroscope consists of internal and external rings with races, and of placed between them rolling elements made in form of rollers installed in seats of separators. Rollers and made two-stepped. A bigger diametre of the step with one section contacts only the race of the external ring of the bearing. The less diametre of the step made with two sections contacts only races of its internal groove of constant and similar rotation frequency. The race of the internal ring of the bearing has a groove to create a gap with diametre of the bigger step of the roller; the groove is made spherical or barrel shape, while the race of the external ring of the bearing is made spherical. Also ratio of diametr of the bigger step of the roller to diametre of the less step of the roller is equal to 2/1, while number of rollers equals to a prime number, for example five.

EFFECT: reduced noise, increased rotation frequency and service life, elimination of rolling elements skidding on races of bearing rings, increased reliability.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of instrumentation systems for automation and mechanization of production.

Known standard rolling bearings containing inner and outer rings with raceways, the rolling bodies located between them, made in the form of balls installed in the seats of the separator.

One of the disadvantages of the known rolling bearings is the presence of rolling friction with slipping of the rolling elements during their operation.

The unevenness of the abrasive wear of two ball bearings of the same support within only 0.05 μm causes the gyrometer to leave with a gyromotor having a kinetic moment of N = 0.2 N · m · s at a speed of about 0.1 deg./h.

However, the use of ball bearings as high-speed bearings makes it possible to ensure the stability of the center of mass of the gyromotors at the level of hundredths of a micron at a rotor speed of up to 60,000 rpm or more in the operating temperature range from minus 60 ° to 70 ° C and in vacuum up to 10 ^-9 Pa not for long.

There are several more chronic shortcomings in standard rolling bearings of radial and angular contact bearings - low limit rotational speed, low durability, the cause of which is the presence of rolling friction with slipping of the rolling elements, the inability to determine the number of revolutions of the rolling elements. Why? Rolling bodies cannot simultaneously roll along two diameters in contact with which they participate, along the outer and inner raceways without sliding.

As an example, we take the standard ball bearing No. 80200 according to GOST 7242-81 dl0 × D30 × B9, D _w = 5.953, z = 6, d _1m = 14.047, D _1m = 25.953. For one revolution of the shaft, the ball D _w makes along the racetrack d _{lm of the} inner ring N _turns = 14.047 / 5.953 = 2.359, and along the raceway of the outer ring D _1m N _turns = 25.953 / 5.953 = 4.359.

Thus, the ball makes two turns more along the track of the outer ring than along the track of the inner ring, this indicates the presence of slippage.

Consider the rolling bearing as a planetary mechanism according to the assembly scheme 2K-N, operating as a gearbox without sliding (slipping). Determine the gear ratio of the outer ring (c) during rotation of the inner (a) with the carrier (H) stopped (separator).

When rotating d _lm to the right, the outer ring D _1m should rotate in the opposite direction - to the left. What does the sign “-” (minus) say.

Determine the number of revolutions "left" of the outer ring, if d _lm does 25,000 rpm in the absence of sliding

n _in = -25000 / 1.847 = -13535 rpm.

All six balls of the bearing should slide relative to the raceway of the outer ring. In practice, the rolling bodies slide along the raceway of the inner ring. Why do rolling bodies glide? Yes, because the outer ring of the bearing is pinched and does not rotate.

That is why the rolling elements and raceways of both bearing rings are heated and worn, why the radial clearance is growing, and the cages of the separator are also subject to wear. And sliding friction refers to rolling friction as 500/1 and 10000/1. A lubrication is necessary for the bearing to reduce the coefficient of friction of the sliding rolling elements, the removal of wear products from sliding from the friction zone and to reduce the temperature of the bearing. There are cases of ball melting due to "oil starvation" (see A.M. Zaitsev, R.V. Korostashevsky, p.238. "Aircraft rolling bearings." Oborongiz. 1963).

Determine the gear ratio of the separator (N) when stopped (in) and moving (a):

по теории качения для подшипников качения.Whereas for pure rolling bearings

according to rolling theory for rolling bearings.

In the proceedings of the Institute No. 3, 1983, VNIPP edited by Doctor of Sciences L. V. Chernevsky, p. 46, it is noted: "... in bearings on symmetrical rollers, the maximum sliding is 1.4-1.8 times greater than on asymmetrical".

Known rolling bearing - Prototype (see patent RU 2232926 from 07/20/2004. Bull. No. 20, Figure 2), containing the inner and outer rings with raceways, the rolling bodies placed between them, made in the form of rollers installed in the nests of the separator , rolling elements — the rollers are made in two stages, the larger diameter of the stage having one section contacts only with the raceway of the outer ring of the bearing, and the smaller diameter of the stage made with two sections contacts only with the raceways of its inner ring with a constant and dinakovoy speed, wherein the bearing assembly must be satisfied a condition:

where d _1m is the diameter of the raceway of the inner ring of the bearing;

D _wm1 is the diameter of the lower step of the roller;

D _1m is the diameter of the raceway of the outer ring of the bearing;

D _wm2 - the diameter of the larger step of the roller,

and at least one raceway of the inner ring of the bearing is made with at least one groove to form a gap with a large diameter of the step of the roller, while the step of the rolling body of the roller with a large diameter is made spherical or barrel-shaped, and the raceway of the outer ring of the bearing is made spherical.

A disadvantage of the known bearings is the presence of a cage.

An important factor in the gyroscope bearing remains a decrease in its effect on reliability and durability. It is necessary to minimize the mass of the separator and the magnitude of its sliding friction with the rolling bodies and raceways of the bearing.

The purpose of the invention:

- convert the well-known spherical radial rolling bearing (according to Patent No. 2232926, figure 2) into a radial roller gyro bearing;

- to ensure clean rolling without slipping of the rolling elements in the gyroscope bearing;

- reduce noise in the gyroscope bearing, for example, up to 20 ... 60 dB;

- increase the durability of the bearing, for example, 10 ... 15 times;

- fill a free niche with another pure rolling bearing, operating at low lubricant consumption at a rotation frequency of, for example, from 25,000 to 60,000 rpm or more;

- overcome the total lack of competitiveness of rolling bearings;

- stop the dead end path of development of standard rolling bearings - gradually;

- to overcome stagnation and stagnation in the development of mechanical engineering, machine tool industry, motor engineering, space technology, the aviation industry, the navy, the automotive industry, railway transport, nuclear energy, oil and gas production, ..., - all industries;

- to overcome the uncompetitiveness of products of all industries only by installing new clean rolling bearings in these products, in machine spindles, car hubs and chassis ... and enter the forefront both in the world market and in the domestic market. For reference: only 80 SKF companies in Sweden produce more than 10 billion bearings per year. The latter are not “rolling” bearings, even if they are called precision.

The goals and technical effect of the invention is achieved due to the fact that the ratio of the diameter of the larger stage of the roller to the diameter of the lower stage of the roller is:

D _wm2 / D _wm1 = -2 / 1, and the number of clips is a prime number and, for example, is five.

Figure 1 shows the bearing of the gyroscope radial roller. Figure 2 shows the cross section of the bearing along its longitudinal axis of symmetry.

The bearing consists of an outer ring 1, rolling elements 2, an inner ring 3, a cage 4 and rivets 5.

The direction of perceived loads is radial.

The raceway of the outer ring 1 is made spherical. Rolling bodies - rollers 2 are made in two stages. The larger diameter of the roller step D _wm2 , made spherical or barrel-shaped, has one section and contacts at the point only with the raceway of the outer ring 1 of the bearing. And the smaller diameters of the steps of the roller D _wm1 , made with two sections, are in contact only with the raceways d _{lm of the} inner ring 3. The inner race is made with a groove to form a gap with a large diameter of the steps of the roller D _wm2 . The separator 3 is made, for example, of a composite material REEKS with additives of polymeric materials and titanium powder (metal). Gyro Bearing Assembly Condition:

This assembly condition allows the rolling elements 2 to run on the bearing raceways with a constant and the same speed, which ensures a clean rolling of the rollers 2 without slipping.

The gyroscope radial roller bearing works as follows: when the shaft rotates, the bearing ring 3 receives rotation, the roller 2 with its diameters of smaller roller steps D _{wm1 is} run in only along the raceways d _{lm of the} ring 3 with contact in two lines.

The diameter of the larger roller stage D _{wm2 is} run-in only along the _race track of the outer ring 1 with the contact at a point. The rotation of the rollers 2 occurs under conditions of pure rolling without sliding the rolling bodies relative to the raceways, since the assembly condition is satisfied.

It should be noted that the bearing assembly is preloaded, which includes all the rollers at the same time. The separator 4 acts as a leash and consists of two rings. With the diameters of the smaller stages of the roller 2, the separator 4 contacts in two lines in the area of the average diameter of the rollers 2 and at two points with the end surfaces of the larger stage of the roller. In figure 2, the arrows show the directions of rotation of the ring 3, the rollers 2, and the dotted arrow shows the reaction direction from the contact of the roller with the raceway of the ring 1. Ring 1 is pinched. The rollers 2 and the separator 4 move to the right when the inner ring 3 is rotated. The points indicate the contact points of the roller 2.

The preload in the bearing makes the normal stress diagram a circle with an axis in the center of rotation of the bearing. An interference fit provides all rollers with the same load conditions when there is no radial clearance. It should be noted that in standard ball bearings, the diagram almost always works in the resonant mode generated by non-ideal ball bearings.

The gyroscope bearing consists, for example, of five two-stage rollers that have never been used in gyroscopes, and the ratio of the larger diameter of the roller stage to the diameter of the smaller roller stage has the ratio:

D _wm2 / D _wm1 = _2/1 .

A Const by the condition of the assembly is equal to three. We obtained the parameters of an ideal pure rolling bearing. The number of clips equal to 5 is a prime number. The numbers Const = 3 and the number of rollers Z = 5 made it possible to create the conditions for the birth of a gyroscope bearing - an ideal pure rolling bearing in which the gear ratio of the separator

In this bearing, it does not matter which ring rotates 1 or 3, or both at the same time. There is also a meeting with PARADOX. If both rings rotate at the same speed, but in mutually opposite directions, then

- the separator is stopped kinematically;

- the rollers 2 rotate around its own axis and do not move in a circle.

Rollers 2 can be made of cermet, if operating conditions require high temperatures from +350 to + 900 ° C, separator 4 too. However, the bearing life will be limited, for example, to 500 hours.

In order to increase the rotational speed, for example, up to 1,200,000 rpm, the rollers 2 can be made, for example, of titanium alloys, and a silicone oil like PMS 500 ... 50000 should be used as a lubricant for the bearing. Oil is unacceptable. Titanium burns in oil. And the amount of lubricant for the gyroscope bearing is reduced, for example, 15 times from the original. Practically, 1 ... 2 drops of PMS per month are needed.

The absence of slipping during operation of the gyroscope bearing also reduces noise, for example, to 20 ... 60 dB. Noise is also reduced by the presence of grease; with excess, the bearing is heated. It is necessary to work out the normal mode of operation and simultaneously solve more than a dozen paradoxes. Only the use of friction grease allows the rollers and raceways to restore their crystal lattice, lost due to "oil starvation", as well as the separator to the rotation participant.

One of the bearings of the gyroscope bearing can be loaded with axial force, the second one can be free. The radial roller bearing allows its use as an angular contact.

The gyroscope bearing can be used as a barometer, altimeter, depth gauge, seismograph, temperature meter up to 0.000001 ° C, other devices that do not yet have names. Since the gyroscope speed cannot be constant, it will vary with the influence of the environment in proportion to this effect. You can measure the height of Everest with an accuracy of microns, if necessary.

The proposed gyroscope radial roller bearing, in comparison with standard ball bearings, has the following advantages:

- the ability to work at higher speeds, for example up to 1,200,000 min ^-1 ;

- reveal after research the hidden capabilities of the gyro bearing;

- increase the durability of the bearing 10 ... 15 times;

- to ensure clean rolling without sliding the bearing rollers when running along raceways;

- reduce noise during the operation of the gyroscope;

- increase the competitiveness of devices in the global and domestic markets;

- to apply for the first time a three-support scheme of roller rotation along raceways instead of a two-support scheme for a ball and a roller;

- significantly reduce the number of degrees of freedom for the roller, while the ball has the number of degrees of freedom -∞;

- sharply increase the reliability of the bearing along with increased wear resistance and rational design.

Claims (1)

The gyroscope bearing is radial roller, containing the inner and outer rings with raceways, the rolling elements placed between them, made in the form of rollers installed in the nests of the separator, the rolling elements — the rollers are made in two stages, the larger diameter of the stage having one section contacts only with the raceway the outer ring of the bearing, and the smaller diameter of the stage, made with two sections, is in contact only with the raceways of its inner ring with a constant and the same speed of rotation, when th should be done bearing assembly condition:

where d _1m is the diameter of the raceway of the inner ring of the bearing;
D _wm1 is the diameter of the lower step of the roller;
D _1m is the diameter of the raceway of the outer ring of the bearing;
D _wm2 - the diameter of the larger step of the roller,
and at least one raceway of the inner ring of the bearing is made with at least one groove to form a gap with a large diameter of the step of the roller, while the step of the rolling body - the roller with a large diameter - is made spherical or barrel-shaped, and the raceway of the outer ring of the bearing is made spherical characterized in that the ratio of the diameter of the larger stage of the roller to the diameter of the smaller stage of the roller is:
D _wm2 / D _wm1 = _2/1 , and the number of clips is equal to a prime number and, for example, equal to five.

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