RU2388627C1 - Method of laying cylinder-shape cargoes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to laying cylinder-shape cargoes on railway platforms or cars. Proposed method of laying, preferably, pipes into railway car furnished with slides (7) and mounted on at least two bogies with slides (8) arranged with a gap between car and bogie slides comprises laying pipes in at least one row starting from one of the car lengthwise edges (2) towards the opposite edge. Row pipes are laud without locking by retainers unless the distance from common center of gravity of laid pipes to the plane running through car lengthwise axis of symmetry exceeds or equals 0.5 diametre of smaller laid pipes. Then if required, pipes are locked by retainers, and other pipe rows are laid.

EFFECT: reduced loading interval, reliable locking of laid pipes.

3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the transport of goods by vehicles, and in particular to methods of stacking goods of cylindrical shape, for example pipes, on a vehicle platform, mainly on a railway platform.

A known method of loading pipes into a freight car with successive laying on top of each other at least two rows of pipes, in which at least one first row of pipes is laid so that one end abuts against the end shield of the freight car and the other the end of this row of pipes is spaced from the other end shield of the freight car, at least one second row of pipes is laid in such a way that one of its ends is spaced from the end shield, into which the first row of pipes rests, and the other end of the row rests against the counter an end face shield (RF patent No. 2279395 dated 03/22/2005).

For loading pipes in accordance with this method, it is necessary to fix each pipe in the lower row, which leads to an increase in loading time and the cost of transporting goods.

The fixation by the stops of each pipe of the lower row is explained by the need to prevent rolling of the pipes along the bottom of the freight car or platform during loading of pipes.

As the closest analogue to the proposed method, a method of loading and fastening long metal pipes in railway gondola cars, including laying nine pipes in a gondola car in several rows with laying the bottom row of pipes using wedging elements (RF patent No. 2266837 of 11/06/2003), was adopted.

To implement this method, it is necessary to use consumables, for example wood, for proppant elements with each loading of the lower row of pipes, with which each stacked pipe of the first row is fixed. This increases the cost of labor and time for loading wagons.

The proposed method for stacking cylindrical goods in a freight car or on a vehicle platform is aimed at preventing the rolling out of goods — without using wedging elements — of at least the lower row and reducing due to this loading time and freight transportation cost.

To achieve a technical result in the proposed method for laying cylindrical cargoes, mainly pipes, in a railway carriage equipped with side bearings and mounted on at least two running trolleys with side bearings with a gap between the side of the car and carriages, including pipe laying, at least in one row, according to the invention, the laying of at least the first row of pipes starts from one of the longitudinal edges of the car towards the other edge, and at least the first pipe of the row is laid on one from the edges so that the wagon body tilts toward this edge, and the subsequent pipes of the row are loaded without fixing by jamming elements until the distance from the common center of gravity of the loaded pipes to the plane passing through the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the car is greater than or equal to 0 , 5 diameters of smallest feed tubes. Since pipes of various diameters can be loaded onto the platform, the value after which it is necessary to fix the pipes with jamming elements is determined relative to the diameter of the smallest loaded pipes.

In addition, after the common center of gravity of the loaded pipes approaches the plane passing through the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the car, by less than 0.5 times the diameter of the smallest loaded pipes, if necessary, the last laid pipe will be jammed and the remaining pipes of the row will be jammed, if necessary loading space of the platform.

Also, at least the first pipe of the row is laid on one of the edges so that the car body tilts toward this edge until the car side bearings rest on the side car carts from the loading edge of the car.

The term "pipe" in the framework of the materials of this application means that as one pipe is approximately equal to the length of the loading area of the car, and several pipes stacked one after another with the formation of one cargo of cylindrical shape with gaps between its constituent pipes or without.

The proposed method is illustrated in the drawing, which schematically shows the loading space of the car with the first row of pipes laid in it.

Position 1 indicates the body of a freight wagon or a railway platform with racks, hereinafter referred to as “wagon”. Position 2 denotes the starboard side (side) of the gondola or the starboard side of the platform, and position 3, respectively, the left side (side) of the gondola or the left side of the platform. Hereinafter, positions 2 and 3 are denoted by the general term “edges”.

In the body of a freight car or on the platform of a car 1 loads of cylindrical shape, for example pipes, are stacked. The first pipe (or pipes) 4 of the first row 5 is laid along one of the edges, for example, the right edge 2. The car during operation is constantly supported by the Friday assembly 6 and on the side 7 (or 7 ') of the car and side 8 (or 8') of the trolley located on both sides of the pyatnik node 6 of the car. Due to the fact that there is always a gap between the side bearings 7 and 8 or between 7 'and 8', after laying the first pipe 4 (or several pipes) along edge 2, under the influence of its weight, car 1 will tilt, for example, to the right (as shown in the figure) , until the side bearings 7 'and 8' come in contact with one side of the wagon (i.e., before the side bearings 7 'of the car rest on the side bearings 8' of the trolley), that is, in the direction of the edge where the first tube 4 was loaded. the drawing shows a vertical plane, relative to which the car is deflected when loading the first pipe (lane out pipes) 4 of the first row 5.

Several pipes can be laid to the edge 2 of the car, which are indicated by 4 in the drawing. This is because the length of the pipes can be less than the length of the car, that is, several pipes can be laid longitudinally one after the other, indicated by the position in the drawing 4. In addition, the mass of one pipe of small diameter, the smaller the length than the length of half of the platform (for example, 530 mm in diameter), may not be enough to tilt the car under its weight until the 7 and 8 '(or 7 and 8). Then, the positions 4.10 indicate several paired pipes of small diameter, placed side by side and stacked in the car 1 together.

Next, pipes of rows 10, 11, 12 are laid along wagon 1 from the right edge 2 to the opposite side - the left 3 edge of wagon 1.

The slope of the floor of the car 1 created due to the laid pipes will not allow the pipes 4 and the pipes 10-12 loaded after them to roll around the car, since subsequent pipes 10-12 of row 5 will be pressed against the car 1 (according to the drawing, tilt to the right) to pipes already submerged. Therefore, for these pipes there is no need to use jamming elements 13 to fix each pipe and prevent them from rolling on the floor of the car.

The pipes loaded into the car will be kept from rolling along the floor of the car until their common center of gravity 14 is between the plane 15 passing through the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the car and the edge 2 from which the loading of the pipes into the car began. After the total center of gravity 14 of the loaded cargo is as close as possible to the longitudinal plane 15 passing through the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the car, namely, after the distance from the common center of gravity 14 of the loaded pipes to the plane 15 is less than 0.5 of the diameter of the smallest loaded pipes , the pipes, if necessary, are fixed using a jamming device 13, after which the remaining pipes 16 of row 5 are laid. If the pipes transported in carriage 1 have a large diameter, for example, about 1000-1420 mm, then the first the pipe poison can be completely laid without jamming (fixing) devices 13, since the row of the car will fill faster than the center of gravity of the 14 pipes approaches the longitudinal plane 15 of the car by an amount less than 0.5 of the pipe diameter.

Laying in the car 1, at least following the first 5 rows of pipes or parts of pipes of subsequent rows can be carried out according to the principle described above, using a flat strip 17 of sufficient strength, for example boards of appropriate thickness. In addition, the laying of the remaining rows of pipes in the car 1 can be made from above directly onto the pipes of row 5 in the hollows formed by the pipes 4, 10-12, 16.

The invention allows to avoid rolling the cargo in a freight car due to the fact that the pipes are initially loaded onto one longitudinal half of the car. Start loading from the farthest zone (edge) of the car from the longitudinal axis 9. This leads to the car being tilted to one side, and the pipes are thus in a cavity formed by two converging inclined surfaces - the car bottom (platform floor) and the car side wall (side platform rack), which prevents the pipes from rolling out.

The proposed method allows to reduce the loading time of the car due to the fact that there is no need to jam all the pipes of the row, since due to the tilt of the car when loading the first pipes, the subsequent pipes are jammed with their own weight in the originally laid pipes. That is, the proposed method allows you to securely fix the laid pipes without the use of additional fixing devices.

Claims (3)

1. A method of stacking goods of cylindrical shape, mainly pipes, in a railway carriage equipped with side bearings and mounted on at least two running trolleys with side bearings with a gap between side members of the car and carriages, including laying pipes in at least one row, characterized in that the laying of at least the first row of pipes starts from one of the longitudinal edges of the car towards the other edge, and at least the first pipe of the row is laid on one of the edges so that the car body tilts to the floor the first edge and the next tube row loaded unlatched keying elements as long as the distance from the common center of gravity of the loaded tubing to a plane passing through the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the carriage is greater than or equal to 0.5 diameters least loaded tubes. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that after the common center of gravity of the loaded pipes approaches a plane passing through the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the car by less than 0.5 of the diameter of the loaded pipes, the last laid pipes are jammed and laid the remaining pipes of the row. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least the first pipe of the row is laid on one of the edges so that the car body tilts towards this edge until the car side bearings support the cart side bearings from this side of the car.