FI110247B - Transport trolley and method of loading a transport trolley - Google Patents

Description

110247

Transport trolley and trolley test method

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a transport trolley for the transport of cargo, in particular cars, with a trolley, wheels and load platforms for freight.

The invention also relates to a method of loading cars into a wagon with load platforms.

Cars are generally transported by rail. Vehicles are transported in specially designed transport wagons with two overlapping transport levels for cars. The lower level of the transport trolley may be wall protected, but the upper level of the 10 trolley is generally open and unprotected. The cars are loaded into the wagon by sliding them into place on the transport planes at the ends of the wagons, then secured to the transport planes with separate straps.

The state-of-the-art transportation of cars to wagons has several disadvantages. In particular, cars on the upper transport plane are completely unprotected during transport 15, which often causes them to become damaged and soiled, e.g. weathering and wickedness. as a result of power. Loading cars into wagons is slow because the cars have to be pushed in at the end of the wagon. Usually, in a loading situation, several wagons are stowed one after the other, so that the cars have to be driven through several wagons before they are correctly positioned. When passing through wagons, cars crash and. 20 easily scratched. The cars are secured to the wagons with hand-tethered straps, which is a slow and difficult operation. The wagons are unloaded at the same time. . ·. just like loading, that is, driving cars out of the wagon ends. Thus, a single car, · · ·, or a group of cars cannot be unloaded without first removing the other cars in front.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel constructional trolley, particularly adapted for the transport of cars, and a method of testing a trolley which can •; · · · To reduce the above-mentioned disadvantages and disadvantages of prior art transport wagons.

The carriage and test method according to the invention are characterized by what is disclosed in the independent claims. Some advantageous direct *. forms are disclosed in the dependent claims.

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The transport trolley according to the invention has a frame and at the ends of the frame a set of wheels, on which the trolley travels along the rails. The basic idea of the invention is that the wagon is longitudinally divided into load blocks by support bulkheads having protruding load platforms. The load platforms do not form any integral cover on the wagon body 5, as in prior art car carriers, but are merely small support surfaces in the corners of the load block on which the freight carried in the wagon, such as cars, is supported. There is thus a large open space between the load platforms in the middle of the load blocks. The transport wagon is loaded from the side of the wagon by transferring the cargo onto the load platforms by means of a loading device. The cars may be loaded onto the wagon either as it is or they may be placed on a transport pallet.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the load platforms are arranged vertically movable on the support shafts. In this embodiment, the load platforms can be moved to an optimum elevation position during loading and cargo transportation.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, there is a deep loading portion in the center 15 of the trolley body where the height of the upper surface of the body is clearly lower than at the ends of the trolley. The deep load section substantially increases the carrying capacity of the wagon.

In yet another preferred embodiment of the invention, the transport trolley comprises removable wheel baskets mounted on load platforms having spaces for car tires. Cars on wheeled baskets do not need anything else during transport. ta mortgage.

The advantage of the invention is that it significantly increases the carrying capacity of the carriages, since the cars can be carried in the carriages on more than two decks.

| Another advantage of the invention is that the loading and unloading phase of cars is accelerated because: ··· 'cars do not have to pass through the wagons but are lifted from the side of the wagon.

This allows multiple wagons to be loaded or unloaded at the same time. The loading method from the side of the wagon can also be easily automated. Also cars' '': attaching to the wagon is much faster than traditional methods.

»! A further advantage of the invention is that the structures of the transport trolley are adjustable, which:.,.: Enables the transport of cars of different sizes in the trolleys. Individual cars can be. . ·. also removes the inside of the wagon without moving other cars.

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The invention will now be described in detail. In the description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 is an exemplary top view of a carriage according to the invention, Fig. 2 is an exemplary top view of a support bulkhead of a conveyor according to the invention; Figures 3a, 3b, 3c Figures 4a and 4b are cross-sectional views of a vertical bulkhead of a support bulkhead, 10 Fig. 5a is an exemplary side view of a carriage according to the invention, Fig. 5b is an exemplary cross-sectional view of a carriage according to the invention; , Fig. 6a shows an example of a transport pallet for transporting cars, • · '* 1 ·; Fig. 6b shows a transport pallet loaded with a unit load, "I · ·:: · *: Fig. 7 shows by way of example a carriage according to the invention:";

Fig. 8 illustrates, by way of example, a carriage according to the invention. * a preferred embodiment of the stroller, seen from the side.

Fig. 1 illustrates by way of example a car transporter according to the invention. wagon top view. The trolley has an elongated body 1, which has one! ' There are two wheelsets at the end of the 25 tabs. in the central region. In the middle of the wagon body there is a trough-shaped deep loading section 6,. where the upper surface of the body is in a height clearly lower than that of the trolley; at the ends. In the trolley end sections, the upper surface of the chassis is positioned above the upper surface of the wheelsets * * · 30 s. For the deep-loading section, the wagon body preferably descends as close to the track rails as possible for unimpeded wagon movement. In the preferred embodiment of the invention shown in the figure, the support bulkheads are disposed in the carriage with one support bulkhead 4 at each end of the carriage and three support bulkheads 4 in the deep loading section of the carriage. The support bulkheads thus divide the carriage lengthwise into four load sections. The number of retaining bulkheads is not limited to five, but their number and spacing in the wagon can be suitably selected according to the length of the wagon and the length of cars carried in the wagon. For example, 4 deep bulkheads can be placed in the deep load section, resulting in a total of five load blocks in the wagon. The upper surfaces of the supporting bulkheads are all substantially level in height, so that the supporting bulkheads at the end of the trolley are shorter than the support bulkheads in the deep loading mode.

Fig. 2 shows, by way of example, a top view 4 of a support bulkhead 4 of a carriage carrier according to the invention. The support bulkhead has two parallel vertical columns 10 of parallel metal members 15, which are secured to each other at the lower end by a metal lower link bar 12 and an upper end by an upper link bar 14. The lower link bar is in the form of a straight The vertical size comprises two parallel edge pillars 16, between which are provided movable support housings 18 in the vertical height 20 of the vertical frame. In the preferred embodiment shown in Fig. 2, the vertical frame has three supporting housings, but may be of any other number. Each support box has two horizontally pointing in opposite directions: a load plane 20 on which the cargo to be loaded in the carriage is placed. The vertical frames are connected by parallel bars so that the maximum distance between the outer edges of the vertical frames is substantially equal to or slightly less than the maximum permissible width of the transport trolley. •: · · can also be fitted with a support grid or solid support wall for vertical frames. * · '. let's get to each other. This solution increases the structural durability and stiffness of the bulkhead.

Fig. 2 shows the middle support bulkheads 4 of the carriage trolley according to the invention, located in the deep-loading part of the carriage 6. The support bulkheads at the ends of the carriage are otherwise similar in structure but shorter. The support bulkheads at the ends \ · · · are shortened at their lower ends so that the upper ends of the support bulkheads are · · level in the same plane. Due to the shortening of the forks in the end supports: .i .; There are only two support housings in the 35 kilo compartments. '· Only one load plane 20 which points towards the center of the wagon.

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There are two vertical guide bars 22 between the edge columns, parallel to the edge columns, and substantially coaxial between the guide bars 24. The handle bars are metal bars or tubes that pass through holes in the support housings 18, thereby guiding the support housing to move up and down. in the exact direction of the handlebars. The threaded shaft 24 is a metal shaft of equal length to the guide rods, the outer surface of which has threads along the entire length of the shaft. There is a hole in the middle of the support boxes through which the helical shaft passes. Inside the support housing is a motor driven screw jack 30 (Fig. 4b) attached to the support housing to move the support housing upwardly or downwardly on the threaded shaft. The structure of the support 10 housing and screwdriver will be described in more detail in connection with the description of Figure 4b.

The car carrier according to the invention is particularly suitable for car transportation, but it can also carry other cargo placed on pallets as described below. The cars are placed in the carriage so that they rest at their ends 15 on the load planes 20 of the bulkheads 4. The load planes are horizontal rectangular metal projections formed of shaped plate-like parts which are fastened at one end to the support box 18 preferably by welding. The load platforms have a very small horizontal surface area relative to the loading block area. Preferably, the load platforms are 20 300-500 mm wide and 500-1000 mm long. Thus, they do not form any one of these decks in the load compartment, but only four support surfaces in the corners of the load compartment, on which the vehicles or other cargo carried in the wagon can be supported. The load platforms may have different shapes. In Fig. 2, the load plates secured to the two uppermost • · support boxes are wedge-shaped, with tapering projections towards one end 25, while the load plates attached to the lowest support box are flat-height parts at the first end. The shape of the load platforms does not matter •: · · i. All that matters is that they can reliably carry the load that is placed on them.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 2, two * 30 load plates 20 are mounted on one support housing, which are located on different sides of the support fork 4. Thus, the load levels of the adjacent load blocks 18 always rise and fall simultaneously. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the load platforms are arranged in support bulkheads. · · ·. so that the load levels of each load block can be raised or lowered independently without affecting the movement of the load levels of the other load blocks. This 35 feature allows for eg. flexible positioning of cars of different heights in different load sections of the transport wagon.

110247 6

Cars can be transported in wagons either loose or on pallets. For the transport of loose cars, wheelbases 26 with space for car tires are placed on top of the load platforms. The cars lowered onto the bicycle body remain stationary on the bicycle body without having to be secured separately, so that the cars 5 are mounted on the wagon quickly. The wheelbase locks in place on load platforms when the pins at the underside of the wheelbase ends are inserted into the locking holes 28 on the load surface so that a number of locking holes are lined up on the load surface so that the wheelbars can always be fitted Due to the possibility of adjusting the position of the wheelbase 10, the car carrier according to the invention can be used to transport cars of different wheelbase.

Fig. 3a shows, by way of example, a top view of a bicycle basket 26 according to the invention. At each end of the wheelbase there is an end section 32 made of a metallic L-profile, and between them two spacer beams 34 substantially parallel to the end portions 34 and plate-like in length. The intermediate beams are connected to the end sections by two metal parallel rods 36 and The connecting rod 3a is a beam-shaped section made of a metal material, but may also be of a different type.

The wheel baskets are placed over the load platforms as shown in Fig. 2 with the horizontal side of the main part lying against the upper surface of the load plane and the vertical side of the end part against the side of the load plane. Vertical end portions. The parallel sides thus prevent the wheelsets from moving in the transverse ·. ··: direction. On the underside of the horizontal flanks of the end portions there are still pins (not shown in the illustration) that engage the holes 28 in the upper surface of the load plane and prevent. ···. This allows the wheel basket to move over the load plane. The cars are lifted by the loading device, preferably a forklift truck, to the carriage so that their tires are positioned between the bars 36 of the wheels, whereby the car remains stationary on the wheels. The distance between the bars of the wheelbase is clearly smaller than the diameter of the car tire and yet large enough for the tire to "sink" deep enough between the bars.

Figure 3b shows, by way of example, a preferred embodiment of the wheel basket according to the invention. In this embodiment, the connecting rod 38 is made up of two ·; ”parallel tubular sections bent in an upwardly curved shape. When using wheeled trolleys with curved link bars, the upper load plane can be lowered closer to the lower load plane. '. : 35 weigh cars. This reduction in overall height can be crucial, especially when transporting tall cars.

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Fig. 3c illustrates by way of example another preferred embodiment of the wheel basket according to the invention. In this embodiment, the end portion 32 and the spacer bar 34 have holes for additional auxiliary rod 40 in addition to the conventional two rods 36 connecting them. An additional bar can be used to adjust the sinking depth of the tires of the car 5 being transported between the bars. If the car of the car being transported is of small diameter, it will sink too deep between the bars 36. By installing a second rod 36 adjacent to the second rod 36, the gap between the rods is reduced, whereby the ring sinks between the rods to a suitable height.

Fig. 4a is a horizontal cross-sectional view of the vertical body of the support bulkhead at the support housing 18. The support housing is a rectangular section of metal material located between the column pillars 16 of the vertical frame. The edges of the edge pillars have short longitudinal projections 46 of the pillars, which rest against the long sides of the support housing. In the vicinity of both sides of the support housing, there are holes 42 through which the guide rods 22 pass through. In the central 15 area of the support housing there is still a hole 44 through which a helical shaft 24 passes.

Fig. 4b is a vertical cross-sectional view of the vertical bulkhead of the fire bulkhead at the support housing 18. In the center of the support housing is an opening 48 where the screw lifter 30 is located. The screw elevator is fixedly fixed to the support housing. The screw hoist is a conventional prior art motor driven hoist through which a helical shaft 24 passes 20. When the hoist motor is operated, the jib hoist and its associated support housing move to a different height position on the helical shaft. Edge pillars. the projections and handlebars control the movement of the support housing so that the support housing moves ·; *: vertically exactly parallel to the handle bars and cannot rotate differently. position while moving. The support box also includes the trucks attached to it. · ·. 25 levels rise or fall in height. The screwdriver is guided to it by a compound ''. with a control device not shown in the figure.

The lifting mechanism shown in Figures 4a and 4b is a preferred way of providing vertical movement of the support housing. The lifting mechanism may also be implemented in some other manner, for example, by inserting a nut or ball screw securing the opening walls 48 through the screw housing 30 instead of a screw cap and rotating the lifting screw with the actuator at the end of the lifting screw. This' achieves the same effect, ie the support housing moves up or down on the lifting screw. · 'Down. In this case, the lifting screw has to be divided into separate self-rotating:; '; so that each support box can be moved independently.

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Fig. 5a is an exemplary side view of a carriage according to the invention loaded with cars 100 according to the invention. The transport from the wagon has been removed with its second sidewall of its cavity loading member 6 to reveal the structure of the wagon. Cars 100 are loaded into the trolley from the side of the trolley by lifting them with the loading device 5 onto the wheelbases placed on top of the load platforms 20 of the support bulkheads 4. The loading of the wagon is commenced by raising the lower load levels 20 of the two middle load blocks 8 in the deep loading section to a suitable loading height and moving the cars over them. During loading of the lowest load levels, the middle and upper load levels are moved as far as possible so that they do not interfere with 10 loading events. After loading the cars, the lowest load levels are lowered back to the bottom of the deep load compartment.

Next, the middle load platforms are lowered to a suitable loading height on the lowest load platforms and the cars 100 are moved by a loading device over them. The middle load platforms of Kim are filled, the top load levels are lowered to a suitable loading height and the trucks are moved with the loading device on top of them. This is how the whole train is loaded. The unloading of cars from the wagon at the station of destination is similarly done in the opposite way. Individual cars can also be unloaded from the middle and top loading levels of the wagon in any order, without the need for other cars to be removed from the wagon.

20 Known loading equipment, such as a forklift truck, can be used to load cars into the wagon. The load platforms are located right next to the pallet. at the ends of the cone, leaving a large open space in the middle of the load block. The center open load block facilitates loading by increasing visibility during loading and. . ·. giving the truck forks plenty of room to maneuver. For loading can be developed. · ·. 25 a separate loading station specifically designed for this purpose, where the loading and unloading of the wagons is carried out by means of automatic loading devices. When using automatic loading devices, the '··' controls on the loading device can be set to work with the controls on the load platforms of the wagon.

Of course, for loading the wagon, the sidewalls of the wagon must be open, 30 in order to allow the car to be moved from the wagon side. Preferably, the carriage carriages according to the invention are provided with opening side walls and opening doors | roof structure. In this case, the walls and roof are opened for loading and unloading the wagon '··· _ and closed for transport of wagons. This valuable cargo remains damaged-! Undetected during transport.

Fig. 5b shows, by way of example, a cross-sectional view of an automobile-laden carriage according to the invention. The figure shows how, thanks to the invention's movable load platforms, cars can be placed very close to one another in the vertical direction, thereby increasing the carrying capacity of the wagon. The upwardly curved link arm of the wheel bodies 26 provides additional space in height, which may be crucial for the carriage of some car types and models. Transport wagons can be manufactured in different heights and widths, depending on how the wagon design criteria in different countries allow it. In Central Europe the maximum height of wagons varies between 4300 and 4650 mm, and in Finland and Eastern Europe, for example, it is 5300 mm. In such wagons, cars can be well loaded on three floors. In some corners, the maximum permissible height of the wagons allows the car to be parked on up to four floors. This is the case, for example, in the USA, where the maximum permitted height of a wagon is more than 6 meters.

Fig. 5c is an exemplary side view of a support bulkhead 4 of a transport trolley according to the invention. The load planes 20 of the support bulkhead are secured to the size 10 of the upright frame 15 by pivoting 50, so that the load planes can be turned upright against the upright frame if necessary. For example, when the trolley is transported, for example, in high vans or minivans, the upper load platforms can be turned upright and the middle load carriers can be moved upward about halfway up the vertical frame, as shown in Figure 5c. In this case, tall cars can be loaded into the wagon in two layers. The possibility of tilting the load platforms thus further increases the versatility of the wagon.

The cars 100 can be transported by a conveyor according to the invention either as such or placed on a separate transport pallet. A transport pallet is a plate-shaped part on which freight, such as cars, is carried and secured during transportation. Fig. 6a illustrates by way of example one such known, in particular '. a transport pallet 102 for transporting vehicles, the upper surface of which has recesses for car tires. The car is moved over the transport pallet and secured '' * · 'with its mounting brackets. Thereafter, the pallet and the car loaded onto it are treated as a single package throughout the transport chain, 30 meaning that the car is not removed from the pallet until it arrives at its destination. The transport pallet '... · has two fork tubes 104 on each side, from which the pallet can be folded forward, for example by a forklift. The car placed on the pallet is loaded into the wagon. 'T racket like loose cars, that is, the pallet is lifted by the loading device onto the load platforms of the supporting bulkheads of the car. When transporting palletized cargo, there is no wheelbase placed over the load 35 levels, but the pallets are secured to the load platforms using self-locking methods and devices. Advantageously, some known locking devices can be mounted on the underside of the pallets and on the upper surface of the load platforms which automatically lock the pallet in place when the pallet is lowered onto the load platforms.

Fig. 6b shows a transport pallet 102 loaded with a unit load 5 106. With the aid of the transport pallets, the car carrier according to the invention can also be used to transport cargo other than cars. The cargo to be transported is secured on the transport pallet at the point of departure, after which it is treated in the loading and unloading situations in the same way as pallets loaded with cars. The transported unit cargo may be, for example, spare parts for cars which are transported from the factory to the dealer in the same wagon with new cars. The carrier trolleys according to the invention can thus be used in all transportation tasks in the automotive industry.

Fig. 7 is an exemplary side elevational view of a loaded car carrier according to the invention. In the wagon shown in the figure, the first load section 8 is loaded with detached cars 100 and the second load section 15 vehicles loaded with transport pallets 15. The third and fourth load blocks have unit cargoes loaded on transport pallets 106. The transport trolley according to the invention is extremely versatile and well suited for the various transport applications of the automotive industry. needs.

Fig. 8 shows, by way of example, a preferred embodiment of the transport trolley 20 according to the invention, seen from the side. In this embodiment, the main support bulkheads 4 of the wagons are not located at the very end of the wagon body but a few '! meters from the wagon end. In addition, the main supporting bulkheads shall bear, in addition to the load plates pointing towards the center of the wagon, the load points away from the wagon ;; 'Load platforms. Between the interconnected wagons, a single beam load block 8a is formed, at the ends of which the supporting bulkheads are located in the different wagons. In this preferred embodiment of the invention, the empty space between the wagons can be utilized. The vehicles being transported are placed in the additional load section in the same way as the other load sections, either by supporting the car on the load platforms: · *: on the tires or by placing the palletized car directly on the load platforms' 30. Because of the small wagon longitudinal clearance at the junction of the wagons and the fact that the wagons are slightly divergent at the curvature of the track, the fastening mechanisms of the transport pallets and racks in the extra load block must be such that they can accommodate these movements. The preferred embodiment of the invention shown in Fig. 8 is particularly well suited for short wagons with ends: 35 not bogies but single axle bogies. When such wagons are coupled to one another by means of a special coupling η Ί10247, a wagon pair may be considered as a single wagon according to railway regulations, provided that its length remains within the permitted limits.

Some of the preferred embodiments of the transport trolley and the loading method according to the invention have been described above. The invention is not limited to the solutions just described, but the inventive concept can be applied in numerous ways within the scope of the claims.

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Claims (18)

A transport trolley for transporting a vehicle, in particular cars (100), the carriage showing a chassis (1), a wheel set (2) and a load plane (20) for the cargo, characterized in that the carriage has been divided longitudinally in load segments (8) by means of support walls 5 (4) and the load plane (20) is attached to the support walls by projecting portions. Transport truck according to claim 1, characterized in that the supporting walls (4) show two parallel vertical frames (10) and that the loading plane (20) is arranged at the vertical frames. Transport truck according to claim 2, characterized in that the loading plane (20) is arranged at the vertical bodies (10) movable in the vertical direction. Transport trolley according to claim 3, characterized in that the vertical body (10) has vertical side posts (16) and support housing (18) which can be moved in the longitudinal direction of the side posts, and that the loading plane (20) is fixed to the supporting houses. Transport trolley according to claim 4, characterized in that the vertical frame (10) also has guide rods (22) running in the direction of the side posts (16) and through the support housings (18). Transport truck according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the vertical body (10) additionally has at least one thread shaft (24) running in the direction of the side posts (16) and a screw lift (30) for lifting and lowering the support housings (18). ,.,: 20 Transport truck according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the load plate (20) has a fixed guide (50) at the supporting walls (4). Carriage according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that the chassis (1) of the carriage has an in-depth cargo section (6) in which the plane of the chassis upper: "*: surface is substantially lower in the vertical direction than at the ends of the trolley. 9. A carriage according to any of claims 1-8, characterized in that the compartment (100) has been arranged to be loaded onto the carriage in such a way that the compartment is supported in ...: its first end at the loading plane (20). ) for the support wall (4) located at the first end of the load segment (8), and at its other end at the load plane of the support wall which is located at the other end of the load segment. Transport truck according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that the supporting walls (4) have several superstructure loading planes (20) for loading freight, such as cars (100), on the multi-storey loading platform. A transport trolley according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the supporting walls (4) are arranged at the ends of the carriage in such a way that between carts placed one after the other there is an additional load segment (8a) whereby the supporting wall (4) ) located at the first end of the segment is in the first carriage and the support wall located at the other end of the segment is in the second carriage. Transport trolley according to any one of claims 1-11, characterized in that the conveyor plane (20) has removable wheel baskets (26) at the end of which there is space for car tires (100) and which ends are joined by an intermediate arm (38). . A transport trolley according to claim 12, characterized in that the middle arm (38) bends at its central part eaten up. 14. A transport trolley according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that at the ends of the wheel baskets there is an end part (32) and an intermediate beam (34) which are joined to each other by two rods (36) and that the car tire is arranged to be placed therein. space limited by the end part, the middle beam and the rods. Method of loading cars (100) onto a transport carriage having the loading path (20), characterized in that the cars are moved into the carriage from the side of the carriage. Method according to claim 15, characterized in that the carriers (100) are lifted with. : [: insert a loading device into the carriage and lower it onto the loading plane (20). I t * * 17. A method according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the cars (100) are loaded into the truck in several above-ground curves. * * · 25 Method according to any of claims 15 - 17, characterized in that the frames (100) are first placed on a transport pallet (102) and then moved as a pallet. ·. freight into the carriage. • I