RU2387753C1 - Roller for flattening road bases - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: roller for flattening road bases contains frame of the first stage and frame of the second stage interconnected using articulated joint through which free turning of the first stage relative to the second stage is provided during cornering. The first stage represents double-row pneumatic roller with pneumatic wheels mounted on axles chequerwise so that strips left not flattened by pneumatic wheels of the first row are flattened by pneumatic wheels of the second row. On the frame of the second stage using articulated joints and hydraulic cylinders and via axle steel drum with profile belts mounted on circular surface of drum is installed. Transitions of profile belts working surfaces and steel drum frontal edges have rounded shape and stretch factor of root plants γ is determined as relation of length embracing circular working surfaces of profile belts equal to 2πτ+2 BC and length of profile belts base equal to 4r in cross section. Relation of sizes of heat exchange through frozen water surfaces in profile strips is determined by optimal relation of ε factor: distances between centrelines of profile belts 1 and radii of profile belts r in cross section ε=1/r=8. In front of the first stage of combination roller the planner-leveller is installed using articulated joints and hydraulic cylinders. On the frame of the first stage equipment for hydraulic drive is installed, on the frame of the second stage equipment for electric and heat power generation is installed.

EFFECT: increase in quality and strength of prepared boggy base surface for winter snow roads, in efficiency of flattening process and acceleration of freezing process of flattened boggy surface, simplification of construction design, lowering manufacturing cost and roller operation costs.

1 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to machines for accelerated preparation of the bases during the construction of winter roads in the swamps, and in particular to machines for dipping with the formation of longitudinal strips in frozen wetlands in Northern conditions.

A device for the formation of holes in the soil (SU 1742416 A1, class E02D 3/00, publ. 06/23/1992, bull. No. 23), containing a roller with protrusions-spurs on the outer surface, mounted behind the frame and connected to the frame by variable rods lengths. Power cylinders are used to lift the roller and are connected to its axis. The frame is made with supporting skis.

A disadvantage of the known device is the high likelihood of freezing, sticking with hovering and subsequent freezing on the outer surface of the drum with spurs of soil mass, plant debris and moisture at the time of spur washing and pressing, as well as the low efficiency of the reinforcement process along the upper layer of the surface to be missed and the high probability of soil being pulled out the top at the exit from the holes statically motionlessly mounted on the surface of the drum spurs. All this reduces the quality of the prepared surface and the effectiveness of the blasting until the process is completely stopped.

Closest to the claimed roller for washing bases is a device for cleaning the surface of the working body of the machine (RU 2122616 C1, E01C 19/26, publ. 11/27/1998, bull. 33), containing a frame and mounted on it a roller with spurs. A heat generator with nozzles, a fuel tank with a pump and a fuel pipe are installed on the frame. The skating rink with spurs is mounted behind the frame on four hydraulic cylinders with the possibility of rotation around the horizontal axis, the inner cavity of which is connected to the heat generator through pipes, a turbocompressor, a heat pipe and an internal heat-conducting hole of the horizontal axis. The frame of the device is mounted on skis and is aggregated with a tractor - swamp rover using a trailer. The roller with spurs is closed by a casing.

The disadvantage of this device is the low efficiency of the ditching process under the road base and the high likelihood of soil being pulled out by the apex upon exiting the spurs statically motionlessly mounted on the surface of the drum. All this reduces the quality of the prepared surface and the efficiency of the process of washing

The objective to which the claimed technical solution is directed is to develop a device - a skating rink for the excavation of road bases, which provides an increase in the efficiency of the process of washing the surface of the road base under the winters in the swamps, while eliminating the risk of soil being pulled out by the tip of the working body and damage to the marshed surface.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the skating rink for the excavation of road bases consists of two steps interconnected by a hinge, through which, when cornering, the first stage is freely rotated relative to the second. The first stage is a two-row pneumatic skating rink with pneumatic wheels mounted staggered on the axles in such a way that the strips that are not washed by the first row pneumatic wheels are missed by the second row pneumatic wheels. A steel drum with profile belts on a circumferential surface is mounted on the frame of the second stage with the help of hinges, hydraulic cylinders and through the axis. Moreover, the working surface of the profile belts and end edges of the steel drum has a rounded shape. Hydraulic motors are installed on the axes of the steel drum and pneumatic wheels in order to exclude the bulldozer effect. In front of the first stage of the combined roller, a leveling planner is installed using hinges and hydraulic cylinders. Hydraulic drive equipment is installed on the first stage frame, and equipment for generating electric and thermal energy is installed on the second stage frame.

The presence in the device of new elements - profile belts mounted on the circumferential surface of the drum, ensures the formation of profile strips in the sealing surface of the road base before the water comes out. Profile belts are protrusions in the form of ring profiles on the circumferential working surface of a steel drum, designed to form profile strips (grooves) in a compacted soil surface. In this case, an increase in the efficiency of the dipping is solved by creating conditions to accelerate the process of freezing in depth. And the solution to the second problem from the point of view of environmental preservation is achieved by creating conditions for preserving the root system from discontinuities during deformation during mashing and formation of profile strips.

The main factor in creating the conditions for an accelerated in-depth freezing process is the ratio of the heat exchange areas in contact with the environment of the surrounding frosty air as a source of cold and the peat that is frozen in the marsh as a consumer of cold. The role of the intermediate medium in heat transfer is expediently performed by collecting and freezing water, as a medium with a high coefficient of thermal conductivity, in specially formed profile strips. So, for example, the thermal conductivity of the non-washed surface of air-dried peat is 0.012 ... 0.14 W / mK, and the washed surface, which is a frozen saturated peat, is 1.1 ... 1.2 W / mK. An even greater coefficient of thermal conductivity is characteristic for ice 2.22 ... 2.35 W / mK.

Based on the foregoing, it is accepted: the width of the profile belts l '= 2r, where r is the radius of the profile belts in the cross section. The distance between the axial lines of the profile belts l is determined depending on the required depth of freezing and can be determined by the formula

and then l = (h '' '+ r-r · cosα) 2tgα + 2r · sinα,

where α is the angle of inclination to the vertical of the freezing radius emanating from an arbitrary point of the formed surface of the profile strip, h '' 'is the depth of the formed profile stripes.

The ratio of the distances l between the axial lines of the profile zones and the radii r of the profile zones in the cross section is determined by the coefficient ε = 8, which can be written by the equation l = ε · r.

The number of profile belts z on a steel drum of length L and the length of the allowances at the left and right end ends l '' of it will be equal to

The ratio between the required depth of freezing H and the distance l between the axial lines of the profile belts is determined by the coefficient τ, which can be written as:

l = τ · H,

where the coefficient τ, depending on the required depth of freezing H, will have values at: 20 cm = 1.5; 30 cm = 1.17; 40 cm = 1.0; 50 cm = 0.9.

Preservation of the root system from discontinuities can be insured by the value of the tensile coefficient of the root plant system γ, which is estimated by the ratio

With an additional to the 2r value of the deepening of the BC, the condition for the allowable value of the coefficient of expansion of the root plant system γ can be written as follows:

γ <2

where BC = Δh = (0 ... 0.75) r.

In addition, the rounded shape of the working surface of the profile belts and the end edges of the steel drum contributes to reducing the possible likelihood of a root system rupture.

The total freezing depth H will consist of the depth of surface freezing h ^IV and the depth of freezing through ice h ^V in the profile belts and will be presented as follows: H = h ^IV + h ^V , where h ^IV = 2r and h ^V = 4r.

The invention is illustrated by drawings,

where in Fig.1 shows a General view of the skating rink for the promenade of the bases of roads;

figure 2 is a diagram of a steel drum of a roller for a miss of a road base, D _b is the diameter of a steel drum, D _p is the diameter on the outer surface of the profile belts, L is the length of the steel drum; l is the distance between the axial lines of the profile belts, r is the radius of the profile belts in the cross section;

figure 3 is a diagram of the road base sling with the pneumatic wheels of the skating rink, h is the depth of the sling after passing the first axis of the pneumatic skating rink, h 'is after passing the second axis of the pneumatic skating rink, e is the elastic deformation modulus, L' is the width of the pneumatic skating rink;

figure 4 is a diagram of the road base gouging with a steel drum of the roller, h ″ is the total depth of the gouging after the passage of the steel drum, h '’is the depth of the formed profile strips, L' is the grip width of the steel drum;

figure 5 is a diagram to justify the basic parameters of the steel drum of the skating rink for the excavation of the road base, h ^IV is the depth of surface freezing of the road base through the sealing surface, h ^V is the depth of freezing solid and non-continuous through ice in the profile strips, R, R 'are the radii freezing, respectively with overlapping and without overlapping, l is the distance between the axial lines of the profile belts, r is the radius of the profile belts in the cross section, α is the angle of inclination to the vertical radius of the freezing;

Fig.6 is a diagram to justify the coefficient of expansion of the root plant system - γ, r is the radius of the profile belts in the cross section, h ^VI is the height of the profile belts, Δh is an additional increase in the height of the profile belts.

The skating rink for the base wash (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) comprises a frame 1 of the first stage and a frame 2 of the second stage, interconnected by a hinge 3, by means of which, when cornering, the first stage is freely rotated relative to the second. The first stage is a two-row pneumatic skating rink with pneumatic wheels 4 mounted on the axles 5. The pneumatic wheels 4 are mounted on the frame 1 of the first stage in a checkerboard pattern so that the strips of the surface not washed by the pneumatic wheels of the first axis are missed by the pneumatic wheels of the second axis (Fig. 3). On the frame 2 in the middle part of the second stage of the roller for excavating the bases, a steel drum 6 is installed (Figs. 1 and 2) with profile belts 7 mounted on the circumferential surface of the drum 6. Transitions of the working surfaces of profile belts 7 with a diameter on the outer surface (outer circumference) D _p (figure 2) have a rounded shape. A steel drum 6 (Fig. 1) is mounted on the second stage frame 2 using the axis 8. A hydraulic motor 9 is installed on the axis 8 of the steel drum 6. To eliminate the bulldozer effect, the hydraulic motors 10 are installed on the first and second axes 5 of a two-row pneumatic roller, supporting front 11 and rear 12 pneumatic wheels.

A heat generator 13 with a heat conductor 14 and a fuel tank 15, as well as a power station 16 with a fuel tank 17, are installed on the frame 2 of the second stage.

A hydraulic pump unit 18 with a tank for hydraulic fluid 19 is installed on the frame 1 of the first stage. Before the first stage of the skating rink for leveling the bases, a leveling planner 20 is installed using hinges 21 and hydraulic cylinders 22. The leveling planner 20 is intended for preliminary preparation for the passage of the road base 23.

The steel drum 6 is mounted on the frame 2 of the second stage using hinges 24 mounted on the front struts 25 and hydraulic cylinders 26 mounted on the upper beam 27. The surface of the steel drum 6 is insulated from the environment by a thermal casing 28. The thermal casing 28 is a steel sheet insulated on the outside surface heat-resistant insulating material. The internal cavity between the drum 6 and the thermal casing 28 is connected to the heat generator 13 by means of a heat pipe 14 equipped with a turbocharger. In addition, two rows of pneumatic rollers with pneumatic wheels 4 are installed on the frame 1 of the first stage by means of axles 5, hinges 30 and hydraulic cylinders 31. A skating rink for excavating the bases with a tractor - swamp type T-170 Ml 01 is mounted by means of a hook-on device 29.

The skating rink for the propping of the bases of roads for winter winters in swamps operates as follows.

During the onset of stable frosts and the first snowfalls, accelerated preparation of the frozen surface of the road base 23 (Fig. 1) in the swamps begins. To do this, the skating rink for the excavation of the bases of roads for winter winters in the swamps, mounted on two front pneumatic wheels 11 and two rear pneumatic wheels 12, is towed using a towing device 29 to a given workstation. Next, it is lowered to the working position until the planner 20 level contacts the surface of the road base in the swamp with the help of hinges 21, hydraulic cylinders 22 and the first stage frame 1, as well as the first and second axles 5 of the pneumatic roller with pneumatic wheels 4 through hinges 30 and hydraulic cylinders 31. It is lowered to the working position until the steel drum 6 is in contact with the surface being swept by means of hinges 24, hydraulic cylinders 26, front struts 25, upper beam 27 and the frame of the second stage 2. The power station 16 is put into operation with power from a fuel tank 17 and a heat generator 13, fed from the fuel tank 15. Hot gases from the heat generator 13 through the heat conduit 14 enter the space between the steel drum 6 and the heat shroud 28 and thereby eliminates the possibility of freezing of water and constituent impurities on the profile belts 7 and the surface of the drum 6 the marsh surface of the road base 23. The hydraulic pump unit 18 is started up, powered from the tank for the hydraulic fluid 19, the transmission of the tractor is switched on, it is a marsh vehicle, and the unit starts its working course with baking smooth operation with a hinge 3.

Installation on the circumferential working surface of the steel drum 6 profile belts 7 allows you to:

to simplify the design of the roller for the prominence of road bases due to the compactness of the circuit;

to increase the efficiency, reliability and quality of the process of excavating the bases for car winters in swamps with the formation of profile strips by simplifying the design and introducing work elements in the form of profile belts with a rounded shape of the working surfaces;

reduce the manufacturing cost and operating costs of the skating rink for the base wash due to the simplification of the design;

eliminate the risk of damage to the vegetation cover of the swamp base, as It is recommended to carry out the glazing of the bases for winter winters in swamps with the formation of profile strips through the snow layer, i.e. in the presence of a snow cover of 5 ... 10 cm, until water emerges on the surface;

reduce damage to the root system by limiting the magnitude of the coefficient of expansion of the root plant system γ <2 during the formation of profile strips (grooves) and the rounded shape of the working surfaces of the profile belts, as well as the end surfaces of the steel drum.

Claims (1)

The skating rink for the base grooves, containing a frame of the first and second steps, interconnected by a hinge, by means of which, when cornering, the first step is freely rotated relative to the second, while the first step is a two-row pneumatic skating rink with pneumatic wheels mounted staggered in this way that the strips remaining not washed by the pneumatic wheels of the first row are missed by the pneumatic wheels of the second row, the axes are mounted on the frame of the first stage using hinges and hydraulic cylinders moat; a steel drum with profile belts mounted on the circumferential surface of the drum is mounted on the frame of the second stage using hinges and hydraulic cylinders and through the axis, the transitions of the working surfaces of the profile belts and the end edges of the steel drum are rounded, and the tensile coefficient of the root plant system γ, which is the ratio the envelope lengths of the circumferential working surfaces of the profile belts, equal to 2πτ + 2 BC, and the base length of the profile belts, equal to 4r in the cross section, are determined from Lyrics:

where BC is the magnitude of the recess, r is the radius of the profile belts in the cross section, and the ratio of the sizes of the heat exchange surfaces through frozen water in the profile strips is determined by the coefficient ε as ε = ¹ / _r = 8, where l is the distance between the axial lines of the profile belts; a hydraulic motor is installed on the axis of the steel drum, additionally hydraulic motors are installed on the front and rear support pneumatic wheels and on the first and second axes of the pneumatic skating rink, a leveling planner is installed in front of the first stage of the skating rink using hinges and hydraulic cylinders; equipment for hydraulic drive is installed on the frame of the first stage, equipment for generating electric and thermal energy is installed on the frame of the second stage

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