RU2383120C2 - Apparatus for inter-row treatment of tilled crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: apparatus comprises wheel tractor, having synchronous drive for power take-off shaft. Cultivator is joined to tractor by means of hitch mechanism. Cultivator has frame, to which sections with working elements are attached. In front of each working element there is a disk arranged with toothed rim. Disk is rigidly fixed on horizontal shaft, which rests on bearings of support bracket. Bracket is fixed on frame. Transmission mechanism is mounted on frame to transfer torque from power takeoff shaft to disk shaft and to maintain the following dependence:

where ω_d is angular speed of disk shaft; r_d is radius of disk; ω_w is angular speed of master tractor wheel; r_w is radius of master tractor wheel. On sides of disk on shaft there are rollers freely installed, diametre of which is less than disk diametre 1.8…2.1 times.

EFFECT: such structural design will make it possible to improve linearity of tool motion.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to tillage machines.

A device for stabilizing the rectilinear movement of the unit, consisting of a rigid frame connected to the tractor and tillage machine mounted on two disks along the track of the rear wheels of the tractor [1].

The known device reduces the towing capacity of the tractor, since the discs deep behind the rear wheels of the tractor increase the drag on the towing mechanism of the frame with the tractor.

A known unit for the cultivation of row crops, including a wheeled tractor and a cultivator-hiller attached to the latter. Okuchnik has a coupling device, a frame with wheels and sections attached to the frame with wheels and working bodies, and the tractor has a synchronous drive to the power take-off shaft. A transmission mechanism is made on the frame of the known device, transmitting torque from the power take-off shaft to the wheels of the section [2].

In the known device, wheels with a disk and blades are not able to significantly counteract the spontaneous deviation of the unit from rectilinear movement when working on complex reliefs, since the disk follows the soil loosened by the blades.

The objective of the invention is to increase the stability of the rectilinear movement of the unit.

The problem is solved by the following set of features of the proposed device.

The proposed unit for inter-row cultivation of row crops, as well as the known one, includes a wheeled tractor with a synchronous drive to the power take-off shaft and a cultivator connected to the tractor with a hitch, having a frame on which a transmission mechanism is transmitted, transmitting torque from the power take-off shaft, and attached to the frame section with working bodies. In contrast to the known in the proposed unit in front of each working body is a disk made with a gear rim, rigidly mounted on a horizontal shaft, supported by bearings of the support bracket mounted on the frame. In this case, the transmission mechanism is made transmitting torque to the disk shaft and providing the dependence:

where ω _d is the angular velocity of the disk shaft;

r _d is the radius of the disk;

ω _to - the angular velocity of the drive wheel of the tractor;

r _{to the} radius of the drive wheel of the tractor,

moreover, rollers are freely mounted on the sides of the disk on the shaft, the diameter of which is 1.8 ... 2.1 times smaller than the diameter of the disk.

The technical result of the invention is the exclusion of the difference in soil resistance on the shoulders of the unit frame.

Increasing the stability of rectilinear movement has a causal relationship with a combination of features of the invention:

The difference in soil resistance on the sections of the left shoulder of the frame relative to the sections of its right shoulder is compensated by the difference in the driving forces developed by the disks when they are constantly buried in monolithic soil, and in the same along which the working bodies go behind the disk. That is, if, for example, on the right shoulder of the frame, the soil resistance is, due to the peculiarities of its physical properties, less than the soil resistance on the left shoulder of the frame, then, due to the same physical difference in soil, the driving force on the disks of the mentioned right shoulder will be less than the driving force of the disks the left shoulder of the frame, which is manifested in the form of the mentioned compensation, which eliminates the occurrence of a turning moment on the unit, including with different soil properties found on the left and right shoulders of the frame. In this case, the emergence of a sufficient driving force of the discs is ensured by their active penetration into the soil, which is caused by an excess of the linear speed of the gear rims of the discs relative to the linear speed of the rims of the drive wheels of the tractor, which proceeds from the above dependence of their angular velocities and radii. A sufficient, on average, the depth of the disks is determined by the presence of rollers with a diameter smaller than the diameter of the disks by 1.8 ... 2.1 times. With such parameters of the rollers, the sides of the disc sections buried in the soil also serve to ensure the straightness of the movement of the unit.

Thus, the totality of the features of the invention solves the task of the invention.

Figure 1 presents the unit, a top view; figure 2 is the same side view.

The unit is arranged as follows. A cultivator is attached to the wheel tractor 1, which has a synchronous drive to the power take-off shaft 2, with a hitch 3, having, in addition to the hitch, a frame 4 attached to the frame of the section 5 with wheels 6 and working bodies 7, disks 8 with a gear rim mounted in front of each section 5, and a transmission mechanism that transmits torque from the power take-off shaft 2 to the shaft 17 of the disk 8. In this case, the gear ratio of the transmission mechanism is made to provide a relationship:

where ω _d is the angular velocity of the disk shaft;

r _d is the radius of the disk;

ω _to - the angular velocity of the drive wheel of the tractor;

r _to - the radius of the drive wheel of the tractor.

Section 5 is a four-link parallelogram mechanism consisting of a front 9 and a rear 10 brackets, a lower link 11 in the form of a frame and an upper adjustable link 12 formed by couplers and a coupling nut. The front bracket is mounted on the cultivator frame 4 with clamps 13, and the ridges 14 and the wheel 6 are rigidly attached to the rails. The working bodies 7 are mounted on the ridges 14 of section 5 by means of holders 15. Frame 4 is made in the form of a square cross-section beam onto which sections 5 are fixed and support brackets 16 with disks 8. The disk 8 is made on the shaft 17. On the sides of the disk 8 on the shaft 17 are rollers 18. The shaft 17 is supported by the bearings of the support bracket 16, mounted on the frame 4.

The gear mechanism is as follows. A driven sprocket 19 is rigidly fixed to the shaft 17 of the disk 8, which, through chain transmissions 20, 21, the intermediate sprocket 22 is driven from the drive sprocket 23 located on the output shaft of the gearbox 24 mounted on the frame 4, and the direction of rotation of the disk coincides with the direction of rotation driving wheels of the tractor 1. The input shaft of the gearbox 24 is connected to the power take-off shaft 2 using a cardan gear 25.

The unit operates as follows. When the unit moves with the synchronous drive turned on to the power take-off shaft 2 of the tractor 1, the torque is transmitted through the cardan gear 25, the gearbox 24, the chain gears 20, 21 and the sprockets 23, 22, 19 to the shafts 17 of the disks 8, providing the mentioned dependence:

Since the direction of rotation of the disk 8 coincides with the direction of rotation of the drive wheels of the tractor 1, the disk 8, immersed in a monolithic soil layer in front of the working bodies 7, creates a driving force P _dv .

When the unit operates in heterogeneous soil, different soil resistance R occurs in sections 5.

The difference in resistance R of the soil in sections 5 of the left shoulder relative to its right shoulder is compensated by the difference in the driving forces P _d , developed by the disks 8, constantly sinking into the same soil along which the working bodies 7 go behind them. This prevents the occurrence of a turning moment M on the unit at different soil properties found on the left and right shoulders of the frame 4. The activity of the said deepening is due to the excess of the linear speed of the gear rims of the disks 8 relative to the linear speed of the rims driving wheels of the tractor 1, which proceeds from the above dependence of their angular velocities and radii. And the necessary, on average, the depth of the disks 8 provide rollers 18, with a diameter smaller than the diameter of the disks in 1.8 ... 2.1 times.

Moreover, the lateral sides of the sections of the disks 8 buried in the soil counteract the deviation of the aggregate from rectilinear movement on complex reliefs.

The counteraction of the disks to the appearance of a turning moment M on the unit, both due to the occurrence of driving forces on the disks, and due to the contact of their deepened sides with the monolithic soil, ensures the stability of the rectilinear movement of the aggregate and the high quality of cultivating row crops at higher speeds.

Literature

1. Patent US 4655295, A01B 59/041; A01B 49/02; A01B 69/00, 1987.

2. Patent RU 2257701, АВВ 39/14; АВВ 49/02, 2005 (prototype).

Claims (1)

A unit for inter-row cultivation of row crops, including a wheeled tractor having a synchronous drive to the power take-off shaft, a cultivator connected to the tractor with a hitch, having a frame on which a transmission mechanism is made, transmitting torque from the power take-off shaft, and sections with workers attached to the frame organs, characterized in that in front of each working body is a disk made with a gear rim, rigidly mounted on a horizontal shaft, supported by bearings of the support bracket the yna mounted on the frame, while the transmission mechanism is made transmitting torque to the disk shaft and providing dependence

,
where ω _d is the angular velocity of the disk shaft; r _d is the radius of the disk; ω _to - the angular velocity of the drive wheel of the tractor; r _to is the radius of the driving wheel of the tractor, and rollers are freely mounted on the sides of the disk on the shaft, the diameter of which is 1.8 ... 2.1 times smaller than the diameter of the disk.

Images