RU2783230C1 - Method and apparatus for primary rotary vertical pin tillage - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: apparatus includes a frame with a towing apparatus for attachment to a tractor, consisting of main drive wheels rotating freely through the bearing apparatuses installed on the frame. Pointed grousers are rigidly fixed on the external rim of the wheel and enter the soil layer under the weight of the subsoil tiller when the tractor unit moves. The apparatus also includes a rotary ripper with pins up to 35 cm long secured along the perimeter of the cylindrical subsoil tiller, bent along the course of rotation of the rotor shafts in the direction of motion of the tractor unit. The width of horizontal capture of the soil layer by the rotary pins and the reduction of traction force of the tractor are adjusted by two two-stage reduction gearboxes with pin-tooth and V-belt stages transmitting amplified rotational energy to the rotors of the subsoil tiller by the horizontal pins located on the inner surface of the leading drive wheels through the intermediate drive gear sprockets with pulleys secured on the sprockets with single-strand wedge grooves cut therein, secured on freely rotating shafts in the bearing apparatuses installed on the frame, for V-belt transmission of the amplified rotational energy by the pin and V-belt reduction gearbox stage to the single-strand wedge pulleys rigidly secured on the shafts of the rotor of a reduced diameter relative to the diameters of the intermediate gear-pulley apparatus and to the diameters of the main drive wheels of the rotary subsoil tiller, respectively. In the method for tillage, rotary rippers of a smaller diameter compared to the diameter of the driven single-strand V-belt pulley are used. The rotational energy herein is translated to the V-belt pulleys of the subsoil tiller with pointed pins destroying the soil being tilled while digging weeds out onto the surface. The pin subsoil tillers and two-stage reduction gearboxes rotating the pointed rotor pins herein vertically trim and rip the soil layer.

EFFECT: formation of a fine-grain arable layer in the humus-accumulative horizon, providing a possibility of preserving the moisture, combating weeds and thereby increasing the yield of crops with a reduction in metal and energy consumption by 10 times or more and multifold conservation of fuel and energy resources for primary tillage.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural production and agricultural engineering, in particular, to the technology of basic deep rotary vertical pin tillage using rotary and rotary tillage implements.

A method and device for the main rotary vertical pin tillage, which includes a frame with a towing device in the composition of the rotary vertical pin subsoiler for attaching to the tractor with the main drive wheels attached to the frame by shafts fixed in bearing devices on the frame representing wheels of an increased specified diameter with pointed lugs rigidly fixed on the outer rim of the driving wheels, entering the soil layer under the own weight of the subsoiler when it moves along the soil, providing a rigid grip of the driving wheels with the soil to drive using an open two-stage pin and V-belt engagement gearbox located above the rotation shaft of the main drive wheel, having on the inner surface of the wheel rim, horizontal pins evenly distributed with a certain specified pitch, constantly meshing with toothed sprockets with pulleys fixed to them with threaded along their periphery meter with single-stranded wedge grooves located on freely rotating shafts in bearings mounted on the frame near the drive wheels, transmitting rotational energy to single-stranded working pulleys with the help of V-belts, mounted on the shafts of rotary soil rippers, having pins up to 35 or more centimeters long, curved along during the rotation of the rotary ripper, fixed along the perimeter of the cylindrical deep ripper in the direction of movement of the tractor unit with a certain step, designed for vertical chipping of the soil layer to a predetermined depth and moving and crushing large clods of soil.

Opposite ends of the main driving wheels on the shafts rotate freely in bearings fixed in bearing devices on the frame of the rotary subsoiler.

When the tractor unit moves across the field under the action of gravity of the pin deep-ripper, the pointed lugs of the drive wheels enter the soil and rotate two two-stage gearboxes, with one pin and the other V-belt stages, located in the first stage on the inner side of the drive wheels, having horizontally fixed pins evenly spaced on the inner side of the rim of the driving wheels, which are in constant engagement with gear sprockets with pulleys with single-groove wedge grooves cut along the perimeter of the pulleys, mounted on freely rotating shafts in bearings, mounted on the frame in bearing devices near the drive wheels, representing another V-belt stage gearboxes that transmit rotation by means of a V-belt drive to single-strand pulleys with wedge grooves cut along their perimeter, mounted on the shafts of rotary soil rippers, rotating at a higher speed with respect to the gear small sprockets and larger diameter pulleys attached to them, with a further reduction in rotation in relation to the rotating main drive wheels.

With the help of pins of the drive wheel, which are in constant engagement with toothed sprockets, with single-groove pulleys rigidly fixed on them with wedge grooves cut along their perimeter, transmitting rotation by a V-belt drive to single-groove pulleys with wedge grooves cut along their perimeter, fixed on the shafts of rotary soil rippers , rotating at a higher speed, in relation to the rotation of the drive wheels and gear sprockets of the drive pulley in relation to the pulleys of rotary soil rippers having an even higher rotation speed, loosening the soil to a given depth of up to 35 centimeters or more, and the rotation speed of 2 rotors is V-belts having a special tensioning device that regulates the width of the horizontal grip for vertical chipping of the soil with a significant reduction in the additional specified traction force of the tractor unit by 2 or more times in comparison with the direct drive of the rotor from the drive wheels providing slippage of the belts in the event of large stones and other large and hard objects getting into the ripper, jumping over them and preventing breakage of the rigid pin engagement, the main drive gearbox.

The fulcrum of the outer surface of the driving wheels with lugs designed for rigid adhesion of the wheels to the soil and the exclusion of their slipping on the soil is the cultivated soil layer when the rotary deep-ripper of the soil is driven by a two-stage pin and V-belt gearbox.

The essence of the device for rotary vertical pin tillage is illustrated in the drawings, where:

fig. 1 shows an installation for rotary vertical pin tillage, side view;

fig. 2 shows the installation for rotary vertical pin tillage, top view.

The figures indicate: main drive wheels 1, rotary rippers 2, frame 3, transport wheels 4, driven shafts with sprockets 5, V-belt transmission 6, hydraulic drive 7, V-belt tensioner 8, towing device 9, pin mechanism 10, lugs 11, flanges with pins 12.

The device and operation of the device for rotary vertical pin tillage Fig. 1, fig. 2.

The subsoiler with a special device 9 of the frame 3 clings to the hitch of the tractor and with the help of rubber transport wheels 4 and a special hydraulic device 7 is transferred to the transport or working position.

The depth of tillage is regulated by a special hydraulic drive 7, which also ensures the movement of the unit in the transport position.

For soil cultivation, rotary rippers 2 are used several times smaller in diameter compared to the diameter of the driven single-stranded V-belt pulley, rigidly attached to the toothed sprockets mounted on the driven shafts 5, which are in constant engagement with the main drive wheels 1 of the rotary soil cultivators, with fixed on them pins, which, with the help of pointed lugs 10 of the main drive wheels 1, when moving across the field, rotate the driven shafts with toothed sprockets with single-stranded pulleys attached to them, which, by V-belt transmission, drive the single-stranded pulleys of the subsoiler rotors 2, ensuring slippage of the belts in the pulleys in the event of a hit into the rotary subsoiler of large stones and other large and hard objects, jumping over them and preventing breakage of the rigid pin engagement, the main pin gear of the drive wheels and the driven gear sprockets, with attached pulleys using which, by V-belt transmission, the rotation is transmitted to the rotor pins that shear, displace and loosen the soil, to a given depth of up to 35 centimeters or more.

The advantageous data features are to use the principle of Archimedes' levers based on the ratio of the difference in the length of the radius of the main drive wheels 1, respectively, in relation to the diameter of the intermediate gear-pulley device of the driven gear sprockets 5 and single-groove pulleys attached to them, increased diameters to a smaller diameter of single-grooved pulleys with cut V-grooves, attached to toothed sprockets, transmitting enhanced energy through a V-belt to single-stranded pulleys mounted on the shafts of the rotary cultivators and the shorter pins of the rotary soil cultivator. How many times the length of the radius of the driving and driven wheels of the subsoiler is greater than the length of the pins of the rotary subsoiler, how many times does the traction force for loosening the soil decrease. For example, with a radius length of 160 cm of drive wheels with a diameter of 320 centimeters + a radius length of 40 cm of driven wheels with a diameter of 80 cm to a length of pins of a rotary drum of 20 centimeters from the fulcrum of the outer surface of the drum, the traction force is reduced by a multiple of the ratio of these lengths (160 + 40: 20 = 10 ) 10 times in comparison with the main plow tillage and 2 times in comparison with the subsoiler having a single-stage drive.

At the same time, further loosening of the soil at this technological operation is excluded, which, depending on the diameter of the drive and driven wheels of the two-stage gearbox, can significantly reduce the effort and reduce energy costs and significantly reduce fuel consumption for the main and other types of tillage and when large objects, iron stones and wooden objects that are in the ground, falling into the rotary deep-ripper, when it moves along the soil, the V-belts slip on the pulleys and allow the rotor of the pin ripper to jump over them, without breaking the first pin-gear stage of the gearbox.

The rotary tiller of the soil (Fig. 1) consists of a frame 3 driving drive wheels 1 of a given diameter with pointed lugs 11 located on the outer stolon of the wheel connected by a special pin device 10 located on the inner side of the wheel with a special toothed sprocket rigidly fixed with a single-groove pulley located on driven shafts 5. Deep-ripper rotors 2 consist of shafts on which flanges with pins are fixedly mounted with single-groove pulleys attached to them.

The ends of the shafts of the deep-ripper rotors are mounted on the frame 3 through bearing assemblies (Fig. 2). The pins on the flanges 12 are fixed in a circle, bent in the direction of rotation of the rotor, have a length of up to 35 centimeters or more, and with horizontal movement allow you to vertically cut off the soil and destroy the soil layer to a given depth of tillage.

With the help of such an open gearbox, which has pin-toothed and V-belt stages, with the help of single-ribbed V-belt pulleys located on a toothed sprocket, enhanced rotation is transmitted by V-belt drives to 6 V-belt pulleys 5 rigidly fixed on the sprockets and on the shafts that drive the subsoiler rotors.

When the tractor unit moves across the field under the action of gravity of the pin deep-ripper, the pointed lugs 11 of the wheels 1 enter the soil and, due to the special pin mechanism 10, located on the inside of the main drive wheels 1, by means of toothed sprockets and V-belt drives 6. drive the driven shafts 5 with toothed sprockets and pulleys with V-grooves fixed on it, transmitting rotation to the shafts of the subsoiler rotor with a V-belt drive wheels, toothed sprockets and pulleys mounted on sprockets, and loosen the soil to a predetermined depth of up to 35 centimeters or more.

In this case, the width of the horizontal grip for vertical chipping of the soil is regulated by the ratio of the diameters of the main drive wheels 1 and the diameter of the driven gear sprockets and V-belt pulleys fixed on the sprockets to the diameters of the pulleys 6 of the subsoiler shaft 2.

The invention relates to agricultural production and agricultural engineering, in particular to technologies for tillage using rotary tillers.

Known devices for loosening soil of a rotary type containing a frame on which 4 drums and blocks of rotor disks are mounted. The batteries are installed in two rows (RU 2486731 C1 MGK A01V 35/26, A01V 21/08, A01V 39/18).

The disadvantages of the described tools include insufficiently deep loosening of the soil and high fuel costs for processing.

A known device is a rotary cultivator-weeder, which includes blocks of disks with knives installed by means of leashes on a T-shaped bracket and includes two hubs, to which replaceable rectangular knives are fixed with the help of holders, installed at an angle of 25-30 ° to the direction of the radius, and the knife is directed in movement of the rotary cultivator-weeder, disc blocks with knives mounted on a T-shaped bracket form a section of the rotary cultivator-weeder, two sections of which are connected by a horizontal plate and installed in the first row, are pivotally connected to the frame of the rotary cultivator-weeder by short leashes, and two sections connected with a horizontal plate and installed in the first row are hinged to the frame of the rotary weeder with short leashes, and two sections connected with a horizontal plate and installed in the second row are articulated with the frame with long leashes, sections of the first and second the rows are installed with an overlap forming a completely processed zone, the number of sections in the rows is selected depending on the traction properties of the tractor (RU 2483506 C1 MPK A01V 21/08).

The disadvantages of this tool include the complexity of the design, increased traction resistance and energy costs, pruning and incomplete removal of perennial weeds from the soil.

Known patent document US 2199954 A, IPC A01B 33/02, publ. 05/07/1940.

Known patent document US 4552223 A, IPC A01B 33/06, publ. 11/12/1985.

The disadvantages of the claimed patents include the complexity of the design, increased traction resistance and high energy costs.

Known methods of tillage include surface repeated impact on the soil by the teeth of the rotors and the destruction of soil lumps by friction of adjacent teeth during two-stage tillage (RU 2407259 C1 IPC A01B 49/06, A01B 79/02).

The disadvantages of these methods include high energy costs for repeated exposure of the teeth to the soil during two-stage tillage.

A known method and device for the main deep vertical pin tillage (RF Patent No. 2671480) including a tractor containing a front frame with an additional frame attached to it, containing two rotary drums, the opposite ends of which are rigidly attached to the rear wheel hubs of the tractor, while to the tractor trailer a frame with a rear rotary drum for inter-wheel tillage is attached, and inside the rotor drums, by means of glasses having holes along the length, there are tillage pins with holes for regulating the depth of tillage up to 35 cm or more and transferring to the transport position by aligning and fixing the holes with pins, moreover comb-shaped spring-loaded movable gratings are additionally fixed on the frames of the rotor drums for the final destruction of the soil clods raised by the pins.

The use of such a method and device for tillage makes it possible to improve the structure of the soil, clear it of weeds and significantly reduce the cost of tillage, but unfortunately it cannot be used in production according to the calculations made due to the large weight of 9 tons according to the proposed parameters and dimensions set out in the patent . The cost of rolling such a tool will exceed the cost of tillage.

A known method and device for the main deep rotary vertical pin tillage (patent document No. 2732021 dated September 10, 2020), including a frame with a towing device, for attaching to a tractor with gratings fixed to the frame, for the final destruction of large clods of soil through comb gratings with pins up to 35 long, fixed along the perimeter of the subsoiler. In such a device, the width of capture and chipping of the vertical soil layer by pins is regulated by a single-stage pin reducer transmitting rotation to the shafts of the subsoiler rotor from rotating drive wheels, a pin reducer by means of pins located on the inner surface of the drive wheels, which are in constant engagement with pins placed vertically on the end flanges of the shafts subsoiler, having a reduced diameter in relation to the drive wheels, which rotate freely in bearings attached to the frame, and with the help of pointed lugs, fixed rigidly on the outer rim of the wheel, which, during operation, completely enter the soil layer under the own weight of the subsoiler and an open pin reducer the drive is carried out from the fixed pins on the inner surface of the drive wheels, which are in constant engagement with the pins fixed on the shafts of the rotors, transmitting energy by such a single-stage pin reducer rotation pins fixed in a circle on the rotor shafts and bent in the direction of rotation of the rotor in the direction of movement of the tractor unit.

The use of such a method and device for tillage makes it possible to improve the structure of the soil, to clear it of weeds and to reduce the cost of tillage many times over, but unfortunately it cannot be used in production. Production tests of such a device showed that it is not possible to use such a device in the presence of large stones, metal and other objects in the soil, which, due to the rigid connection of the pins used in the pin reducer to drive the subsoiler, caused constant damage to the gearbox due to rigid pin engagement and did not allow the rotor to jump through this obstacle and caused periodic breakdowns of the gear pins of the rotary deep-ripper of the soil, which did not allow organizing the continuous uninterrupted operation of such a unit.

This method and tillage tool is accepted as the closest analogue.

The essence of the invention lies in the following: To reduce traction resistance to save fuel and energy resources and prevent breakage of the pin-toothed stage of the two-stage gearbox when aggregating rotary tillers of the soil, by using drive wheels of the deep-ripper of increased diameter with pointed lugs designed to transmit rotation by the pin-toothed stage of the gearbox to the intermediate toothed sprockets built into the main driving wheels with pulleys rigidly attached to it with wedge grooves cut along their perimeter for V-belt transmission of enhanced rotational energy to the pulleys, with wedge grooves cut along the perimeter, fixed on the shafts of rotary soil cultivators, transmitting rotational energy to the pins, vertically entering the soil, for its chipping and loosening and complete destruction of weeds and their seedlings when they are dug up to the soil surface, including from the track of the front and rear wheels of the tractor.

The technological and technical result of rotary vertical pin tillage is that the subsoiler with a special device located on the frame clings to a special hitch of the tractor and with the help of a trailer moves across the field using a system of simultaneously rotating drive wheels, of an increased specified diameter with pointed lugs, designed to drive intermediate freely rotating driven gear sprockets with V-belt pulleys attached to them, rigidly connected to freely rotating shafts fixed in bearing devices on the subsoiler frame, driving V-belts into rotation of the subsoiler rotors wedge pulleys consisting of shafts with pins fixed on it up to 35 centimeters for a given tillage depth.

Opposite ends of the wheels and shafts rotate freely on two bearings fixed in bearing devices on the subsoiler frame. Under the action of gravity of the pin deep-ripper, the pointed lugs of the drive wheels enter the soil and, with the help of special two-stage pin-V-belt gearboxes, are driven from the drive wheels by the first pin-toothed stages, by means of intermediate gear sprockets with pulleys fixed to them, which are drive pulleys with wedge grooves cut on them along the perimeter of the pulleys, which transmit the increased rotational energy of the second V-belt stage of the gearbox to pulleys of smaller diameter fixed on the shafts of the subsoiler rotor, with wedge grooves cut along the perimeter for the V-belt drive of rotary soil cultivators, which, with pointed pins, loosen the soil to a predetermined depth up to 35 or more centimeters, and pull out and comb out weeds, especially perennials, from deep layers of soil to its surface.

For tillage, a rotary pin ripper is used with a single-strand cut wedge groove fixed on it, several times smaller than the diameter of the main drive wheels of a given diameter in comparison with the given diameter of the driven sprockets and pulleys with wedge grooves rigidly attached to them for the V-belt drive of other pulleys with wedge grooves for transfer of enhanced rotational energy to the pointed pins of the rotary soil loosener.

A positive effect is achieved by the fact that with this method and this device, the principle of Archimedes levers, created by increased diameters of the drive wheels, and the intermediate sprockets with V-belt pulleys attached to them, is transmitted by two two-stage gearboxes to the V-belt pulleys of the subsoiler. pointed pins fixed along the perimeter of the cylindrical subsoiler bent in the direction of movement of the tractor unit, destroying the cultivated soil, with the digging of weeds to the surface.

Under the action of the weight of the pin subsoilers and two-stage gearboxes that rotate the pointed pins of the rotor, which are buried in the soil, vertically shear and loosen the soil layer. When stones and solid objects hit, which the subsoilers cannot dig due to the V-belt drive slipping on such objects, it jumps over them due to the movement of the tractor, excluding breakage of the pins of the first pin-toothed stage of the subsoilers drive. Other smaller objects and stones are thrown to the soil surface by subsoilers.

The new technological and technical result of the proposed method of tillage is that as a result of such tillage, a finely structured arable layer is obtained in the humus horizon, which allows you to retain moisture, get rid of weeds and, accordingly, increase crop yields. At the same time, the metal consumption and energy costs are repeatedly reduced by 10 or more times and fuel and energy resources are saved several times in the main tillage. With the help of rubber transport wheels and a special hydraulic device, the subsoiler is transferred to a transport or working state.

The use of this method of deep vertical pin loosening of the soil in the arable horizon makes it possible to completely abandon the plow and other horse-drawn traction of soil-cultivating agricultural implements used in all other types of tillage. Eliminate the contradictions of "harnessing" the tractor to agricultural plows, eliminate the constant increase in the weight of the tractor and tillage implements to reduce their non-technological traction resistance when moving across the field.

Before starting the work of the subsoiler, the lifting device sets the specified depth of entry of the pins into the soil.

The set of known and essential distinguishing features of the proposed method is not known at the level of world technology and technology and does not follow from it in an obvious way.

The listed new essential features are sufficient in all cases covered by the requested scope of legal protection.

Used sources

1. RU No. 2483506 C1 IPC

RF patent №2483506 C1

IPC: А01В 21/08

Rotary weeder.

Application: 2011148313/13.2011.11.28

Application date: 2011.11.28

Publication date: 2013.06.10

Author(s): Abezin V.G. (RU)

2. Patent document US 2199954 A

IPC: А01В 33/02

Publication date: 05/07/1940

3. US No. 4552223

Patent document US 4552223 A

IPC: А01В 33/06

Publication date: 11/12/1985

4. RU No. 2407259 C1 IPC

Patent RU №2407259 С1

IPC: А01В 49/06; А01В 79/02

Device for tillage and sowing and method for tillage.

Application: 209112969/21

Application date: 04/06/2009

Publication date: 27.12.2010

Author(s): Nikolaev V.A.

5. RF No. 2671480 C1

IPC RF Patent No. 267180 (RU)

IPC: A01B 79/00; A01B 29/04; A01B 33/02; А01В 33/10

Method and device for basic deep vertical pin tillage.

Application: 2014121579

Application date: 05/27/2014

Publication date: 12/10/2015

Author(s): Tsuglenok N.V. (RU)

6. RF №2732021

RF patent №2732021 (RU)

IPC: А01В 33/02; A01B 21/02; А01В 79/00

Method and device for basic deep vertical pin tillage.

Application: 2019117628

Application date: 06/05/2019

Publication date: 09/10/2020

Author(s): Tsuglenok N.V., Katser I.I.

Claims (2)

1. The device for the main deep rotary vertical pin tillage, which includes a frame with a towing device for attaching to a tractor, consisting of main drive wheels freely rotating through bearing devices mounted on the frame, with sharpened lugs rigidly fixed to the outer rim of the wheel, entering the soil layer during the movement of the tractor unit under the own weight of the subsoiler, and a rotary ripper with pins up to 35 cm long, fixed along the perimeter of the cylindrical subsoiler, curved in the direction of rotation of the rotor shafts in the direction of movement of the tractor unit, characterized in that the width of the horizontal capture of the soil layer by rotating pins and reducing the tractive effort of the tractor is regulated by two two-stage gearboxes, having a pin-toothed and V-belt stages, transmitting increased rotational energy to the subsoiler rotors with horizontal pins located on the inner surface of the blowing drive wheels, through intermediate drive gear sprockets with pulleys mounted on sprockets with single-ribbed wedge grooves cut on them, mounted on freely rotating shafts in bearing devices mounted on the frame, for V-belt transmission of enhanced rotational energy by a pin-V-belt stage of the gearbox to single-ribbed wedge pulleys, rigidly fixed on the shafts of the rotor, having a reduced diameter, respectively, in relation to the diameters of the intermediate gear-pulley device and in relation to the diameters of the main driving wheels of the rotary soil cultivator. 2. The method of basic deep vertical pin tillage using the device according to claim 1, characterized in that rotary rippers of smaller diameter are used for tillage in comparison with the diameter of the driven single-stranded V-belt pulley, and the rotational energy is transferred to the V-belt pulleys of the subsoiler with pointed pins , destroying the cultivated soil with digging up weeds to the surface, while pin deep looseners and two-stage gearboxes rotating the pointed pins of the rotor vertically chip and loosen the soil layer.

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