RU2382981C2 - Device to shoot elastically deformable bullets - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to firearms intended for self-defense and representing a nonlethal weapon. Proposed gun allows using bullets made, partially or completely, from elastic material and comprises appliance to hold bullet in shooting position and cartridge chamber to receive said bullet. Carriage chamber features configuration that allows forming at least on one length, of an obstacle (ledge or web) and clearance in said obstacle with their cross section area exceeding the narrowest bore section before said obstacle.

EFFECT: higher efficiency, ruling out using unauthorised bullets.

11 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The technical solution relates to hand weapons and is intended to be used mainly as a civilian self-defense weapon of non-lethal (non-fatal traumatic) action.

A device in the form of a pistol [1], used as a civilian weapon of self-defense. The device includes an element for holding the missile equipment in the firing position (in this case, the cartridge holder). This analogue provides the use of bullet munitions, including those equipped with a striking element with a low degree of elastic deformation, i.e. solid bullet. The penetration of an elastic element that does not have elasticity into certain parts of the human body, for example, into the head, sometimes leads to serious injury and even death, which is undesirable for the act of using civilian self-defense weapons. This drawback is compounded by the fact that the release of missile equipment beyond the arms is carried out directly from the cartridge case, which in this case serves as the barrel. Such a technical solution does not prohibit an increase in the lethal action of a weapon by finalizing a standard one or making a homemade cartridge without the formation of irreversible marks on the device, by which it is possible to establish the fact of unauthorized interference in the design. The above circumstances allow the use of such a sample for criminal purposes.

Also known is a device in the form of a gun [2], selected as a prototype, including a device for holding propelled equipment in position for a shot (in this case, a chamber) and a cavity with an opening for firing propelled equipment beyond the arms (in this case, the barrel bore). The gun provides the use of cartridges with an elastically deformable (elastic) bullet.

One of the main criminalistic requirements for the constructive execution of civilian short-barreled weapons is the inability to fire an unauthorized throwable equipment charged from the chamber. According to this norm, the prototype has a special device in the cavity in the form of two barriers (protrusions), which complicates the use of metal, in particular lead, bullets. Nevertheless, this device does not completely prohibit clever ways of loading weapons from the chamber side with lead bullets, due to the fact that it has a small cross-sectional area in the area of each obstacle, which obturates a plastic, for example, lead bullet, reducing the breakthrough of powder gases during its use . This circumstance retains some likelihood of criminal use of weapons and is its significant drawback.

In addition, the protrusions located closer to the outlet (in the low pressure zone of the powder gases) significantly inhibit the bullet, reducing the efficiency of the weapon as a heat engine and the efficiency of the target. Such a disadvantage is maximized in revolver-type weapons due to the expiration of powder gases through the gap between the drum and the frame.

With acts of self-defense, situations more often than others occur where it is advisable to temporarily immobilize the offender, and not cause him death. The main task flowing from here, the solution of which is aimed at a technical solution, is to expand the arsenal of means of active self-defense of non-lethal action.

The increase in the nomenclature and the number of such funds in civil circulation is directly related to the problem of reducing their social danger. Therefore, the second task of the technical solution is the difficulty of the possibility of unauthorized (criminal) use of such samples for firing a metal, in particular lead, bullet loaded into a cartridge or a bullet inlet. The third task is to increase the effectiveness of civil non-lethal weapons.

Structurally, the device that provides for the use of a cartridge with a bullet fully or partially made of elastically deformable (elastic) material (for example rubber) includes a device for holding projectile equipment in the firing position (for example, a cartridge chamber or cartridge holder) and a device (part or details) forming a cavity for moving a fired bullet (for example, a barrel). The cavity has a configuration in which its elements form at least one section of a barrier (in particular, a ledge, protrusion or jumper) and differs from the prototype cavity in that the minimum cross-sectional area at the barrier exceeds that of the cavity located before the barrier .

In private versions, the obstacle is a ledge, a protrusion or a bridge, the cavity wall opposite the obstacle has such a configuration that the bullet is shifted in the radial direction, a fragment of the cavity near the obstacle consists of two oncoming eccentric channels with a transition hole. Another private option is to divide the second channel with a jumper into two asymmetric parts.

The causal relationship between the essential features and the achieved technical result is explained as follows.

In civilian self-defense firearms, which citizens are allowed to own, rubber (plastic) throwing elements are mainly used for non-lethal immobilizing effects on the offender. Samples that ensure the use of resilient (elastic) bullets, in accordance with criminalistic requirements, have special devices that make it difficult to use metal (mainly lead) damaging elements that can cause serious bodily harm and even death to the person against whom the weapon is used.

As you know, lead bullets, due to the great inertness of the material, cannot instantly significantly change the direction of movement, or shape, then independently recover to their original state. The processes of a sharp change in the geometry and spatial position of massive (for example, metal, in particular lead) equipment in the radial (lateral) direction, as well as some material obstacles to its movement during the shot, a significant amount of powder gases breaking through the gaps between its body and walls the cavity will cause a decrease in the speed of the damaging element until it stops.

In turn, when fired by an easily deformable element with a low density (for example, a rubber bullet), an almost instantaneous shift in its radial direction or a significant change in shape will not entail a significant change in the ballistic parameters of the shot.

Based on this, the claimed technical solution uses the principle of separation of the missile equipment according to its physical properties, namely, the density of the material (inertia) and elasticity (elasticity) by giving the cavity in which the bullet moves, a shape in which there is a significant change in geometry and position the center of gravity of an elastically deformable (elastic) bullet relative to the direction of fire and blocking missile equipment with other properties.

In the case of using two or more obstacles, those that are closer to the outlet, perform the functions of a fuse against muzzle loading of a metal, such as lead, bullet. According to their profile, they can be smaller than the barrier located closer to the chamber. An increase in the cross-sectional area of the cavity in this case will make it possible to increase the speed of an elastically deformable bullet.

Figure 1 shows a device in the form of a gun, including:

1 - element for holding propelled equipment in position for a shot, in this case a chamber, limited from the front by a pool entrance;

2 - detail with a cavity and a hole for the release of propelled equipment beyond the arms, in this case the barrel;

3 - a barrier in the form of a protrusion;

S1 is the cross-sectional area of the cavity at the site of the barrier;

S2 - the minimum cross-sectional area of the cavity to the obstacle.

Figure 2 shows a device in the form of a gun, including:

1 - element for holding propelled equipment in position for a shot, in this case a chamber, limited from the front by a pool entrance;

2 - detail with a cavity and a hole for the release of the missile equipment beyond the limits of the weapon, in this case, the bolt guide, which performs the functions of the barrel;

3 - a barrier in the form of a jumper (in this case, a pin);

Section AA is depicted at the place of execution of the barrier (in the section with the smallest area);

Section BB is shown in the section having the smallest cross-sectional area of the cavity to the barrier;

S1 is the cross-sectional area of the cavity (in section AA);

S2 is the cross-sectional area of the cavity (in section BB);

Figure 3 presents the device in the form of a gun, where:

1 - element for holding propelled equipment in position for a shot, in the present case, the chamber, limited from the front by a pool entrance;

2 - detail with a cavity and a hole for the release of the missile equipment beyond the limits of the weapon, in the particular case, the shutter guide, which performs the functions of the barrel;

3 - a barrier in the form of a protrusion (in this particular case, a pin);

Section AA is depicted at the place of execution of the barrier (in the section with the smallest area);

Section BB is shown in the section having the smallest cross-sectional area of the cavity to the barrier;

S1 is the cross-sectional area of the cavity (in section AA);

S2 is the cross-sectional area of the cavity (in section BB);

Figure 4 presents the device in the form of a revolver, where:

1 - element for holding propelled equipment in position for a shot, in the present case, the chamber, limited from the front by a pool entrance;

2 - parts with a cavity and a hole for the release of propelled equipment beyond the limits of the weapon (in this case, the drum and the frame of the revolver);

3 - a barrier in the form of an annular protrusion;

S1 is the cross-sectional area of the cavity at the site of the barrier;

S2 - the minimum cross-sectional area of the cavity to the obstacle.

Figure 5 presents the device in the form of a gun, where:

1 - element for holding propelled equipment in position for a shot, in the present case, the chamber, limited from the front by a pool entrance;

2 - detail with a cavity and a hole for the release of propelled equipment beyond the arms;

3 - a barrier in the form of a protrusion;

S1 is the cross-sectional area of the cavity at the site of the barrier;

S2 is the minimum cross-sectional area of the cavity to the obstacle with the area S1.

The firing device in all versions contains a device for holding the missile equipment in the firing position (for example, the chamber, cartridge holder or holder) (1), a part or parts forming a cavity with an opening for the missile equipment to go beyond the arms (for example, a barrel or other device that performs the functions of the barrel) (2). Inside the cavity there is at least one barrier (3), for example, a ledge, protrusion or bridge. At the same time, the minimum clearance area (S1) intended for the passage of an elastically deformable (plastic) bullet formed by the surfaces of the barrier and the cavity wall is greater than the clearance of the narrowest portion of the cavity located up to the specified barrier (S2).

When fired, an elastically deformable bullet made of a low-density material, such as rubber, rushes from the position in which it is held before firing (from part 1, for example, the chamber), under pressure from powder gases, into the cavity (2), where it then comes into contact with an obstacle. Since it is necessary to create resistance to the expansion of powder gases in the projectile space in order to ensure normal conditions for the combustion of gunpowder, the fired bullet moves in an interference fit (clearance S2), i.e. with a significant degree of radial deformation.

The main claimed feature of the device is an increase in the cross-sectional area (S1) of the cavity at the site of the obstacle. When a bullet enters this area, the body of an elastically deformable, for example rubber, bullet deforms in accordance with the changing geometry of the channel (cavity 2), providing obturation or minimal breakthrough of powder gases from the back of the room. At the same time, increasing the cross-sectional area of the bullet allows you to increase the force acting on the part of the powder gases and the efficiency of the weapon as a heat engine.

In the versions of the technical solution shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the bullet moves towards the receding walls of the cavity, i.e. in the lateral direction from the obstacle. Thus, in the lumen (S1) of the cavity outside the obstacle profile (3) there will be a large part of the elastically deformed bullet, which takes place even in the case when the obstacle covers more than half of the transverse projection of the cavity (S2). In particular, for the pistol shown in FIG. 3, a bullet deformed along the lateral surfaces to a state corresponding to the lumen S2 is pressed by an inertia force against an obstacle (in this case, formed by the front wall of the hole and pin 3). At the same time, due to its elasticity, the bulk of the bullet’s body moves to the lower channel (into the lumen S1), which allows it to freely pass the obstacle (3). Similarly, the interaction of the missile equipment with the elements of the cavity in the sample shown in figure 2.

If the missile equipment is made of inelastic material, such as lead, the process under consideration will look as follows. Metal, in the general case, lead throwing equipment (bullet), moving through the cavity, takes the form corresponding to the cross-sectional area S2. With further movement of the equipment into the cross-sectional area S1, a gap is formed that equals the difference S2 and S1 (i.e., S3 = S2-S1) over the total area (S3) through which the outflow of powder gases from the bullet space to the pre-bullet space, which, naturally, progresses with increasing indicated difference. This is the removal of the wall of the cavity of the channel from the surface of the barrier (Fig.2 and 3). A certain distance allows you to significantly move the obstacle profile (3) in the projection of the area S2, and in some cases to cover it by more than half. In particular, in contact with an obstacle (3) in the gun shown in FIG. 3, the center of mass of the missile equipment is above the axis of the pin (3), so it will be blocked in the recess above the pin. In the gun, which is presented in figure 2, the lead bullet by inertia will be stamped to the pin (3), partially deepening into the hole above the jumper, which will cause its complete braking and blocking.

The cavity variant shown in FIG. 2, among other things, is effective in the case of using a cartridge equipped with two bullets, which allows to double the muzzle energy of the shot. The movement of bullets along the channel in this design is as follows. In the area of the cavity with the lumen S2, the bullets move in close mutual contact. In the phase of overcoming the first missile element of section 51, the exit of the powder gases from the cavity with the lumen S2 is blocked by the second bullet. In the next phase, when the second shell pushed the head element behind the obstacle (3) and began to move through the obstacle, powder gases break through the hole above the jumper (3) into the inter-bullet space. Thus, between the two bullets creates a gas layer, significantly reducing or eliminating the deformation of the missile elements and, therefore, their mutual negative impact. As experiments show, the dispersion of bullets when firing two-bullet cartridges from a weapon made according to the scheme under consideration decreases several times against samples with full contact of the missile elements.

LIST OF USED LITERATURE

1. Description of the invention to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2172460.

2. Kalashnikov. Weapons, ammunition, equipment. Journal, No. 3/2004, p. 67.

Claims (11)

1. A device for firing bullets fully or partially made of an elastically deformable material, comprising a device with a cavity for holding a cartridge made for firing and a part or parts with a channel configured to move bullets in it when fired, and an exit hole, although the channel cavity would be partially blocked by a barrier in one section, characterized in that the minimum cross-sectional area of the barrel cavity at the barrier exceeds the minimum cross-sectional area of the polo ti trunk to said barrier. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that rubber is used as an elastically deformable material. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the cavity for holding the cartridge made for the shot is made in the form of a chamber. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the part or parts with a channel are the barrel or drum of a device for firing a bullet. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the wall of the cavity, diametrically opposite the barrier, is made with the possibility of displacement of the bullet in the radial direction from the barrier. 6. The device according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that the portion of the barrel cavity at the site of the barrier is made in the form of two eccentrically arranged channels directed towards one another. 7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the channels are made with partial overlap along the length and cross section. 8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one barrier is made in the form of a protrusion. 9. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one barrier is made in the form of a ledge. 10. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one barrier is made in the form of a jumper. 11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the jumper divides the cavity into two asymmetric parts.

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