RU2382933C1 - Plant for oil and oil products viscosity decrease using microwave and ultrasonic radiation complex treatment - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil-and-gas industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention related to oil-and-gas industry and can be used at field and main pipelines design, also for oil transportation at terminals. Plant consists of microwave treatment section, containing circular guide 1, where microwave energy from magnetron generators supplied through connection windows 2, every generator connected to horn radiators 3, installed on the circular guide with a pipe 4 co-axially located inside of it, made of radioparent material, and a module of ultrasonic treatment, containing cylindrical magnetostrictive oscillators, with barrels pressed inside of each oscillator, which welded into pipe 6. Pipes 4 and 6 connected via nozzle 7.

EFFECT: invention provides possibility to decrease viscosity of oil and oil products with high resin, bitumen and paraffin content, using microwave and ultrasonic complex treatment.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the oil industry and can be used in the design of field and trunk pipelines, as well as in the transportation of oil at terminals.

It is known to reduce the viscosity of oil in piping systems, which is performed using:

- heat treatment. For this, flame tubes are used, on the surface of which the oil temperature is higher than in the rest of the volume, which leads to structural changes that worsen its characteristics;

- the addition of surface-active substances (surfactants). This method is not universal, since the effect of reducing the viscosity depends on the chemical composition of the oil, which requires an “individual” selection of surfactants;

- mixing oil of high viscosity with oil having a low viscosity, i.e. easy. This method is economically disadvantageous and, in addition, provides for the presence of light oil in the fields, which is not always the case.

A device for reducing the viscosity of a petroleum product in the form of an ultrasonic antenna or a phased array antenna is known. Focused ultrasound scans the entire volume of the oil product (see application for invention of the Russian Federation No. 93047039, IPC F17D 1/16).

This solution is technically difficult to implement and is carried out only at the expense of sound energy, which requires large energy costs to obtain it. In this case, the effect is on cold oil, in which the connections between its structural formations are still strong.

It is known that to reduce the viscosity of oil, a high-frequency electromagnetic field source can be used (see Shiryaeva R.N., Kudasheva F.Kh., Gimaev R.N., Sagitova Ch.Kh. On the rheological properties of oils with a high content of resins and asphaltenes. Chemistry and technology of fuels and oils, No. 3, 2006).

The disadvantage is that the use of only a high-frequency electromagnetic field to improve the rheological properties of oils with a high content of tar-asphaltene substances is not always advisable. Conventional thermal heating can give better results, which is apparently due to the polarization of the resinous components in the electromagnetic field and, as a result, the formation of large associates that increase the viscosity of the oil.

The objective of the invention is to expand the field of oil processing through the combined effects of microwave energy and ultrasonic radiation.

The technical result of the invention is the ability to reduce the viscosity of oil and petroleum products with a high content of resins, asphaltenes and paraffins.

The problem is solved in that the device for reducing the viscosity of oil and oil products contains a microwave and ultrasonic sections forming a single processing module, while the microwave section contains magnetron generators, each of which is connected through horn emitters and communication windows with a round waveguide having a coaxially located tube inside from radiolucent material for oil transportation, and the ultrasonic section contains magnetically cooled radiators with water pressed into utri each metallic glasses welded together into a cylindrical column tube of radiotransparent material and a cylindrical column having the same diameter and coaxially connected through flanges.

The geometry of the horn emitters and their angle of inclination to the axis of the circular waveguide are selected from the condition for minimal reflection of microwave energy from a radiotransparent pipe filled with oil.

The geometry of the horn emitters and their angle of inclination to the axis of the circular waveguide are selected from the condition of minimal reflection of microwave energy from a radiotransparent pipe filled with oil.

The invention is illustrated by a fragment of the installation, where

1 - round waveguide;

2 - communication window;

3 - horn emitter;

4 - pipe made of radiolucent material;

5 - magnetostrictive emitter;

6 - column module ultrasonic processing;

7 - flanges.

The installation consists of a microwave processing section containing a round waveguide 1, which receives microwave energy from magnetron generators (not shown in the drawing) through communication windows 2, each of which is connected to horn emitters 3 mounted on a round waveguide with a tube coaxially located inside it 4 of radiolucent material, and an ultrasonic processing module containing cylindrical magnetostrictive emitters 5 metal cups pressed into each emitter, which welding connected to the pipe 6. Pipes 4 and 6 are joined through the flange 7. The cooling shirts of the magnetostrictive emitters are not shown in the drawing.

The unit operates in flow mode. The moving oil stream first passes through the microwave field, and then through the ultrasonic wave. The reverse sequence of processing is also possible.

Its action is based on the following factors.

Asphaltenes in oil are in colloidal state. The polar components of the resins, adsorbing on the surface of asphaltene particles, form solvate shells that facilitate the association of asphaltene particles into large aggregates. In the microwave field, dipole resin molecules oscillate, which leads to the appearance of thermoelastic stresses in the solvation shell, which cause a decrease in its strength and destruction. As a result of this process, the probability of adhesion of asphaltene nuclei to large aggregates decreases and, as a result, viscosity decreases.

Cavitation effects arising from the action of ultrasound on oil prevent the association of polarized associates into large structures, dispersing them into smaller groups of molecules. Processing oil with a microwave field and ultrasound allows to obtain a reduced value of its viscosity, which lasts for a long period of time - several days.

Example. Verification of the described method on a pilot plant with a capacity of 2 liters / min was carried out with oil samples of the Shchelyaur group, the physicochemical characteristics of which are given in table 1.

The rheological properties were investigated on a SV-10 vibrating viscometer.

Magnetron generators with a power of 1000 W each, operating at a frequency of 2450 MHz, were used as sources of microwave radiation. Serial magnetostrictive emitters from the UPHA-R16 installation operating at a frequency of 16 kHz were used as sources of ultrasound. Oil was transported through a pipe with an inner diameter of 76 mm.

Oil samples, after one passage through the processing module, were placed in a thermostat for 46 hours, after which viscosity measurements were carried out, the results of which are shown in Table 2. It was found that regardless of the physicochemical nature of the oil, it is optimal to complexly process it with microwave radiation and ultrasonic exposure.

Table 1 Indicators Makarelskoye field Lower field Density at 20 ° С, kg / m ³ 869.8 885.7 Content% (mass) water 46.2 52.3 paraffins 1.37 5.71 asphaltenes 2.54 6.65 pitches 8.72 7.12 table 2 Processing method Decrease in viscosity in% relative to the initial state Makarelskoye field Lower field Microwave energy 16 12 Ultrasound eleven 8 Combined exposure to microwaves 33 23 and ultrasound

The proposed design provides distributed in space microwave radiation, which allows you to get a long-term oil treatment and, in conjunction with the cavitation effects of ultrasound, a synergistic result. If necessary, part of the magnetron generators or magnetostrictive emitters are turned off, which allows the economical use of electricity. If the processing of oil by one module does not give the effect of reducing the viscosity to the desired value, the number of modules increases, which is a simple operation of joining pipes through flange connections.

Claims (2)

1. A device for reducing the viscosity of oil and oil products, characterized in that it contains a microwave and ultrasonic sections forming a single processing module, while the microwave section contains magnetron generators, each of which is connected through horn emitters and communication windows with a circular waveguide having inside a coaxial tube made of radiolucent material for transporting oil, and the ultrasound section contains magnetically cooled water-cooled radiators with press-in three each, metallic glasses, welded together into a cylindrical column tube of radiotransparent material and a cylindrical column having the same diameter and coaxially connected through flanges. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the geometry of the horn emitters and their angle of inclination to the axis of the circular waveguide are selected from the condition for minimal reflection of microwave energy from a radiotransparent pipe filled with oil.