RU2381328C1 - Pipe culvert under banked earth in conditions of northern climatic building zone and operation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: road construction industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to construction industry and can be used during installation of pipe culverts under banked earths in conditions of northern climatic building zone. Inlet head of water outlet pipe is provided with protective screen providing protection of the cavity at roof of pipe culvert from protective screen to outlet head, which is free of flooding ice and/or snow during cold season. Immediately before protective screen there installed is metal pipe the lower pipe of which envelopes protective screen and is hydraulically connected to upper part of cavity of pipe culvert, and upper part is located above predicted surface of flooding ice and/or snow and is equipped with two metal ribs. Each of those ribs has the shape of vertical plate the side surface of which is directed to the south. Inlet head can be of in-line type, and immediately before pipe culvert, it is equipped with covering which is located above roof of pipe culvert, and protective screen is attached to covering at the inlet and forms a cavity under covering, which is hydraulically connected to upper part of cavity with pipe culvert. Inlet head can contain tubular link which is higher than links of pipe culvert, and protective screen is attached to this tubular link at the inlet and forms a cavity inside tubular link, which is hydraulically connected to upper part of cavity with pipe culvert. Metal pipe is installed with inclination of 5-15 degrees north-wards and painted dark-red. When warm season begins, in metal tube there placed in specified quantity is unkilled lime and its slaking is performed with water till continuous melted channel is formed in flooding ice and/or snow around metal pipe and hydraulically connected at roof of pipe culvert with the cavity free of flooding ice and/or snow. In addition, sodium chloride is placed in metal pipe and water, mainly hot, is added.

EFFECT: simplifying pipe culvert operation at flooding ice and/or heavy snow transport available.

9 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction and can be used in the construction of culverts under embankments in the northern climatic zone in the presence of frost and / or severe snow transfer.

Known culvert under the embankment in the northern climatic zone with two channels located one above the other. At the same time, the lower channel (additional) is designed to pass ground water, which can form ice in the upper (main) channel, and this lower channel can be filled with filtering soil [1].

The disadvantage of such a culvert under the embankment is the high cost of creating a two-tiered concrete pipe. Moreover, the implementation of the lower channel under the bottom of the upper channel is not technologically advanced, and its proximity to the cavity of the upper channel at negative air temperatures can lead to freezing of the lower channel, which complicates the operation of the culvert [2]. Additionally, the culvert is not protected from full filling of its cavity with snow, especially at the entrance.

Known two-tier culvert under the embankment, which is made of rectangular links, while between the upper and lower tiers of the holes made holes. During operation, at least part of the cavity of the upper tier remains free. Spring runoff water thermoerosively destroys ice, first in the upper cavity, and then in the lower cavity [3, pp. 25-28, item 4.5, fig. 10].

Such a culvert effectively works in deep logs and ice of great thickness, but its implementation is associated with high costs.

Known culvert under the embankment, which is closed at both ends (heads) by large inclusions of draining material [4]. In such a culvert, the inlet head can be made in the form of an additional pipe equipped with inlets, located in the filtering array and located coaxially with the main pipe [5] or across the main pipe [6].

The filtering array protects the cavity of the culvert from snow drift in winter and, due to the convection of cold air, contributes to the preservation of permafrost in the base. However, the throughput of such culverts is excessively limited, and the filtering array does not protect them from ice, which narrows the scope of use of such pipes.

A known method of operating a culvert under an embankment in the northern climatic zone, including the study of ice processes on a watercourse in front of the culvert and the construction of anti-ice structures aimed at the uncontrolled passage of the watercourse and / or the retention of ice above the culvert (shafts, diaphragms, fences, permafrost belts, etc.). Moreover, throughout the life of the culvert, measures are taken to combat icing [3, p.24-51].

The disadvantage of this method of operation is the high cost of the construction of known anti-theft facilities and the implementation of known operational measures.

There is a known culvert under the embankment in the northern climatic zone, the inlet head of which is equipped with a protective visor (flap), which ensures in the cold season (i.e. winter) that the culvert from the ceiling is protected from the protective visor to the outlet head of the cavity free of ice (the same: ice) and / or snow. In spring, the protective visor is removed, and the spring runoff occurs first in the upper part of the pipe, and then, as the ice melts, it drops lower, until the ice block in the pipe is completely thawed, thereby fulfilling the function of protecting the culvert from frost blocking [7].

During installation, the protective visor must be equipped with a reliable seal, and when removed, the frosted protective visor must first be free of ice. Additionally, in the initial spring, ice melting is slow, so the water supply pipe may not have time to completely free itself from the ice by the time the peak of the flood passes through the watercourse. All this complicates the operation of the culvert and reduces its operational reliability.

A known method of operating a culvert under an embankment in the northern climatic zone is to install a small diameter metal pipe near the culvert ceiling, the ends of which are led above the predicted level of ice and / or snow through the ends of the culvert, and their ends are provided with plugs. In the event of a complete blockage of the culvert through ice, steam is supplied through these metal pipes in the spring, which ensures timely formation of the initial culvert around the metal pipe [3, p. 50-51, p. 6.11, Fig. 19].

However, the size of this initial channel may be insufficient, and the use of a steam generator complicates the operation of the road section.

The problem, which is claimed by the claimed culvert under the embankment in the northern climatic zone and the method of its operation, is to save money and increase the operational reliability of the culvert.

A single technical result achieved in the implementation of the claimed group of inventions is to simplify the operation of the culvert in the presence of ice and / or severe snow transfer.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the culvert under the embankment in the northern climatic zone includes an inlet head, which is equipped with a protective visor, which ensures that in the cold season the culvert is preserved from the peak to the outlet head of the cavity free of frost and / or snow, in this case, directly in front of the protective visor, a metal pipe is installed, the lower end of which surrounds the protective visor and is hydraulically connected with the upper part of the cavity opropusknoy pipe and the upper end of the metal tube rises above the projected surface of ice and / or snow, and is provided with two metal edges, each of which has the form of vertically extending plates facing side surface to the South.

Additionally:

- the inlet head is of the corridor type and immediately before the culvert it is provided with a ceiling that is located above the ceiling of the culvert, and the protective visor is attached to the ceiling at the entrance and forms a cavity under the ceiling that is hydraulically connected to the upper part of the cavity of the culvert;

- the inlet head may contain a tubular link higher than the links of the culvert, while the protective visor is attached to this tubular link at the inlet and forms a cavity inside the tubular link hydraulically connected to the upper part of the cavity of the culvert;

- a metal pipe is installed with a slope of 5-15 degrees to the north;

- the absorption coefficient of solar radiation of the plate ρ≥0.8;

- two plates are made in the form of one solid sheet;

- the plate is painted in dark red paint.

It is the supply of the input head with a protective visor and a metal pipe with metal fins according to the above rules that in the first spring days, the heat of solar radiation, perceived by the metal fins and transmitted through the metal pipe through the ice and / or snow under the protective visor, creates a continuous melt channel around the metal pipe and ensure the achievement of the above technical result.

The specified technical result is also achieved by the fact that in the method of operating the culvert under the embankment in the northern climatic zone, equipped with a protective visor at the inlet and installed directly in front of the protective visor with a metal pipe, the lower end of which is hydraulically connected to the upper part of the culvert cavity, and the upper end rises above the predicted surface of ice and / or snow, according to the invention with the onset of the warm period of the year after the start of melting ha in a metal tube was placed in a predetermined amount of quicklime and produce its quenching in water to form ice and / or snow around the metal pipe unfrozen continuous channel and in fluid communication with the culvert ceiling cavity free of ice and / or snow. Salt is placed in a metal pipe and water, mainly hot, is added.

It is the heating of a metal pipe by the exothermic quenching of lime that takes place directly in the lower part of the cavity of the metal pipe that significantly contributes to the achievement of the above technical result.

The analysis of the prior art by the applicant made it possible to establish that there are no analogues that are characterized by sets of features that are identical to all the features of the claimed culvert under the embankment in the northern climatic zone and its operation. Therefore, each of the claimed invention meets the condition of patentability "novelty."

The search results for known solutions in this and related fields of technology in order to identify signs that match the features of each claimed invention showed that they do not all follow explicitly from the prior art. From the prior art determined by the applicant, the influence of the essential features of each of the claimed inventions of the transformations on the achievement of the specified technical result is not known. Therefore, each of the claimed inventions meets the condition of patentability "inventive step".

In the present application for the grant of a patent, the requirement of unity of invention is met, since the culvert and the method of its operation are designed to pass the watercourse under the embankment in the northern climatic zone in the presence of frost and / or heavy snow transfer. The claimed invention solves the same problem - saving money and improving the operational reliability of the culvert.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict a culvert under the embankment. The drawings conditionally adopted favorable geological conditions at the base of the culvert (a mixture of gravel, pebbles, sand) and did not reflect the structural elements that can be found in weak and permafrost soils at the base (very icy and heaving).

In Fig.1-2, the inlet head of the culvert is made corridor, example 1, namely: Fig.1 shows a plan of the culvert; figure 2 is a section aa in figure 1. In Fig.3-4, the inlet head of the culvert is made with a higher link at the inlet, example 2, namely: Fig.3 shows a plan of the culvert; figure 4 is a section bB in figure 3.

Example 1. The culvert 1 is located under the embankment 2 for the passage of the watercourse 3 and is equipped with the heads: inlet 4 and outlet 5. The embankment 2 is located on the natural surface 6. The inlet head 4 is made of the corridor type and immediately before the culvert 1 is equipped with an overlap 7, which is located above the ceiling 8 of the culvert 1. To the ceiling 7 at its entrance a protective visor 9 is attached, the lower end of which is located below the ceiling 8 of the culvert 1, and the visor itself forms a cavity 10 under the ceiling 7. tube 1, its end walls 4 and 5 and 7 and also overlap visor 9 are made of concrete.

Directly at the protective visor 9, a metal pipe 11 is installed, which is inclined at an angle of 5-10 degrees to the north. The lower end 12 of the metal pipe 11 bends around the outer surface of the protective visor 9 and is hydraulically connected with the cavity 10 and, accordingly, with the upper part of the cavity of the culvert 1. The upper end 13 of the metal pipe 11 rises above the predicted surface of ice 14 and snow 15 and is equipped with two metal ribs, each of which has the form of a vertically arranged metal plate 16, facing the side surface to the south. The metal pipe 11 and the plates 16 are painted in dark red paint. The pipe 11 may be provided with a pipe 17 and plugs (plugs are not shown in the drawings).

In the drawings, other elements of the road section are indicated, namely:

18 - ice level (on the upper side);

19 - ice level (from the bottom side);

20 - cavity (at the ceiling of the culvert);

21 - the surface of the water in the warm season.

The culvert under the embankment works as follows.

In the cold season runoff in the watercourse 3 is absent and groundwater underflow talik with effusion and freezing form before culvert 1 frost 14 with a substantially horizontal surface 18, and after leaving the culvert 1 frost 14 has a shape extending along the gradient i _dressing natural surface 6. On the horse side layer 18 may exceed 14 ice ceiling 8 culvert 1 and, on the downstream side at a sufficient slope i _dressings natural surface 6 level 19 of ice below the ceiling 14 is typically water 8 through-pipe 1. In regions with heavy snow-transfer, the ends of pipes 4 and 5 of culverts 1 can be completely covered by snow 15. In this case, the protective visor 9 ensures that the ceiling 8 of the culvert 1 remains from the protective canopy 9 to the exit head 5 of the ice-free cavity 20 fourteen.

In the first warm spring days on the ground, snow warms up and self-consolidates. At the same time, metal plates 16, the surface of which is coated with dark red paint and has a high absorption coefficient of solar radiation ρ [8], perceive solar heat, which is partially transmitted through the highly conductive metal pipe 11 to the inlet head 4. As a result, a metal around the metal forms pipes 11 of a continuous melt channel from the surface of the snow 15 to the cavity 10 in communication with the cavity 20. This is facilitated by the orientation of the metal plates 16 towards the sun's rays due to treatment of metal plates 16 to the south and tilt metal pipe 11 to the north. As the snow 15 melts, the water moves along the continuously heated melt channel formed around the pipe, erodes it and leaves the culvert 1 through the outlet tip 5. After that, water is passed first in the upper part of the culvert 1, and then, as ice erosion is destroyed 14 the runoff drops below, until the culvert 1 is completely free of ice 14. Subsequently, the free surface of the water 21 (dotted in the drawings) is set at the entrance to the culvert the protective cover 9.

The possibility of the formation of a thawed channel around the metal pipe 11 is confirmed by the following example of an estimated heat engineering calculation.

According to the data of the Norilsk ZGMO (Norilsk) of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the average monthly air temperature in May is minus 5.3 ° C [9, Table 2.1], while the daily amount of direct solar radiation S on the normal surface of the beam with a clear sky and integral transparency atmosphere is 46.77 MJ / m ² [9, Table 1.4], i.e. 11178 kcal / m ² . For some such favorable days in May, the amount of heat Q, perceived by the metal plates 16 and transmitted through the metal pipe 11 to the ice-snow mass, was estimated by the formula

Q = Swργk,

where w = 4 m ² is the total area of metal plates;

ρ = 0.8 is the absorption coefficient of solar radiation by metal plates;

γ = 0.8 - the coefficient takes into account the angle of incidence of the sun's beam to the surface of the metal plates;

k = 0.5 - coefficient of useful heat transfer, takes into account the removal of heat from the plates with atmospheric air.

Q = 11178 kcal / m ² · 4 m ² · 0.8 · 0.8 · 0.5 = 14308 kcal.

We cautiously assume that only 50% of this heat is spent on the phase transformation of ice and snow into water, i.e. 7154 kcal. Then, in just one such day, about 90 kg of ice and snow will melt around the metal pipe 11, which ensures the formation of an initial water supply channel of sufficient size.

Example 2. The culvert pipe 1 under the embankment 2 differs from the described pipe in example 1 by the execution of the inlet head 4, which contains a tubular link 22 higher than the culvert 1. The protective visor 9 is attached at the entrance to the tubular link 22 and forms a cavity inside 23, similar to the cavity 10 in Example 1 and hydraulically connected to the upper part of the cavity of the culvert 1, while the metal pipe 11 is also attached to the protective visor 9.

The operation of such a drain pipe 1 is similar to the work of a culvert 1 in example 1.

The method of operation of the culvert 1 described in examples 1 and 2 under the embankment 2 in the conditions of the northern climatic zone equipped with a protective visor 9 at the inlet and installed directly in front of the protective visor 9 with a metal pipe 11, the lower end of which 12 is hydraulically connected to the upper part of the culvert pipe 1, and the upper end 13 rises above the predicted surface 18 of ice 14 and / or snow 15, is as follows. With the onset of the warm season, simultaneously with the beginning of the active melting of snow 15, quicklime, for example, calcium lime, is placed in the metal pipe 16. Then, this lime is quenched with water in an amount that ensures the formation of ice 14 and / or snow 15 around the metal pipe 16 of a continuous melt channel and its hydraulic communication at the ceiling 9 of the culvert 1 with a cavity 20 free of ice 14 and / or snow 15.

The heat of extinction, for example, of calcium lime is 1160 kJ / kg CaO [10], i.e. 277 kcal / kg. When extinguishing 10 kg of lime, the heat of extinction is 11,600 kJ, i.e. 2770 kcal. We cautiously assume that only 50% of the heat is spent on the phase transformation of ice and snow into water, i.e. 1385 kcal. Then, about 17 kg of ice and snow will melt around the metal pipe 11. This will ensure the formation around the metal pipe 11, having, for example, an outer diameter of 12 cm and located in ice on a 300 cm section, an annular melt channel with an average length of about 1.5 cm.

It is advisable with the onset of the warm period of the year through the pipe 17 in the metal pipe 11 to additionally place table salt and hot water, i.e. high temperature brine that has a freezing point below 0 ° C. In this case, as a result of the extinguishing of lime, a thawed input channel is formed, and a high-temperature brine forms a thawed output channel at the output head 5. At the same time, a metal pipe 11 is flushed with water in order to free it from lime slaking products.

The efficiency of the formation of a continuous melt channel along the entire length of the culvert 1, including the heads 4 and 5, is significantly increased if the metal pipe 11 is supplied with metal plates 16, which provide additional solar radiation heat to the culvert 1.

After all this, water is passed first in the upper part of the culvert 1, and then, as the erosion is destroyed by ice 14, the runoff drops lower, until the culvert 1 is completely free of ice 14.

The achievement of the technical result is to simplify the operation of the culvert in the presence of ice and / or heavy snow transfer is most fully ensured by the interconnected implementation of all the essential features of the claimed culvert under the embankment and the method of its operation. Indeed, the formation of a melt channel around a metal pipe 11 in the upper part of the ice-snow layer occurs mainly due to the heat of solar radiation perceived by the metal plates 16 (device), and in the lower part, on the visor 9, due to the heat generated by the exothermic reaction of lime ( way). Therefore, the total effect of the simultaneous use of the two claimed inventions significantly exceeds the simple sum of the effects of using each invention separately. Although the technical result under relatively light icy snow conditions can be achieved due to only one claimed invention - a device or method.

In addition to the indicated technical result achieved and the advantages of the claimed objects, their additional advantages should also be noted - simplicity and accessibility of known tools and methods embodying the invention, and their obvious ability to provide the specified technical result. All this indicates the compliance of the claimed inventions with the patenting condition "industrial applicability".

Sources

1. Culverts for railways and roads at an estimated temperature of -40 ° C and below, deep seasonal freezing and ice. Typical designs 3.501-65: Rectangular concrete pipes. Issue III. Ministry of Transport, Glavproekt, p. 58-59.

2. USSR copyright certificate No. 1548311, class. E01F 5/00, publ. 03/07/90.

3. Guidance on the design, construction and operation of artificial structures of roads on watercourses with ice / Voronezh Ing. builds, in. M: Transport, 1989.

4. Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2292412, cl. E01F 5/00, publ. 01/27/2007.

5. Patent of the Russian Federation No. 73885, cl. E01F 5/00, publ. 06/10/2008.

6. Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2303675, cl. E01F 5/00, publ. 07/27/2007.

7. Application of the Russian Federation No. 2005128403, cl. E01F 5/00, publ. 03/20/2007.

8. SP-23-101-2004. Design of thermal protection of buildings. M .: FSUE · TsPP, 2004. S.39-40, tab. 14.

9. Scientific-applied reference on the climate of the USSR. Series 3, part 1-6, issue 21, book 1.

10. Building materials: Reference book / A.S. Boldyrev, P.P. Zolotov, A.N. Lyusov and others; Ed. A.S. Boldyreva, P.P. Zolotova. - M.: Stroyizdat, 1989. P. 46.

Designations

1 - culvert

2 - embankment

3 - watercourse

4 - input tip

5 - output tip

6 - natural surface

7 - overlap

8 - ceiling (culvert)

9 - a protective peak

10 - cavity (under the ceiling)

11 - metal pipe

12 - lower end (metal pipe)

13 - upper end (metal pipe)

14 - ice (same: ice)

15 - snow

16 - metal plate (rib)

17 - pipe

18 - ice level (on the upper side)

19 - ice level (from the bottom side)

20 - cavity (at the ceiling of the culvert)

21 - the surface of the water in the warm season

22 - tubular link

23 - cavity (inside the tubular link)

Claims (9)

1. A culvert under the embankment in the northern climatic zone, characterized in that the inlet head of the spillway is provided with a protective visor, which ensures during the cold season that the culvert from the ceiling is protected from the protective visor to the outlet head of a cavity free of frost and / or snow, in this case, directly in front of the protective visor, a metal pipe is installed, the lower end of which surrounds the protective visor and is hydraulically connected to the upper part of the culvert pipes, and the upper end rises above the predicted surface of ice and / or snow and is equipped with two metal ribs, each of which has the form of a vertically located plate facing the side surface to the south. 2. The culvert according to claim 1, characterized in that the inlet head is of the corridor type and immediately before the culvert it is provided with a ceiling that is located above the ceiling of the culvert, and the protective visor is attached to the ceiling at the entrance and forms a cavity hydraulically connected to the upper part of the cavity culvert. 3. The culvert according to claim 1, characterized in that the inlet head contains a tubular link higher than the culvert links, and a protective visor is attached to this tubular link at the inlet and forms a cavity hydraulically connected to the upper part of the culvert cavity inside the tubular link a pipe. 4. The culvert according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal pipe is installed with an inclination of 5-15 ° to the north. 5. The culvert according to claim 1, characterized in that the absorption coefficient of solar radiation of the plate ρ≥0.8. 6. Culvert according to claim 1, characterized in that the two plates are made in the form of one solid sheet. 7. The culvert according to claim 5, characterized in that the plate is painted in dark red paint. 8. The method of operating the culvert under the embankment in the northern climatic zone, equipped with a protective visor at the entrance and installed directly in front of the protective visor with a metal pipe, the lower end of which is hydraulically connected to the upper part of the culvert and the upper end rises above the predicted ice surface and / or snow, characterized in that with the onset of the warm period of the year, simultaneously with the beginning of the melting of snow in a metal pipe is placed in a predetermined quicklime and extinguish it with water until ice forms in the ice and / or snow around the metal pipe, a continuous melt channel and its hydraulic communication at the ceiling of the culvert with a cavity free of ice and / or snow. 9. The operating method according to claim 8, characterized in that sodium chloride is placed in a metal pipe and water, mainly hot, is added.

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