RU2381056C2 - Unit to process powder materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanics.

SUBSTANCE: proposed unit comprises work chamber and bottom with through holes for air to be fed into said chamber. Said unit incorporates air conditioner to circulate air in circulation circuit. Said air conditioner comprises at least one condenser and one air heater. Circular chamber arranged around work chamber accommodates at least sections of filtration system and/or air conditioner. Said filtration system is arranged along air flow and ahead of air conditioner.

EFFECT: higher efficiency, fast response to control effects and reduced power consumption.

24 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to an apparatus for processing powdered (or dispersed or granular) material, having a working chamber for processing therein a powdered material with a bottom provided with through holes for supplying working air through them to the working chamber, and an outlet for discharging working air from the working cameras.

A similar apparatus is known, for example, from DE 10054557 A1.

Such devices are mainly used for granulating a powder material or for coating its particles. In these devices, through their bottom, a gaseous medium, the so-called working air, is supplied to the working chamber in approximately horizontal direction through a plurality of holes, usually in the form of annular slots formed between mutually overlapping guide plates. The bottoms of such devices can have a wide variety of designs, known, for example, from DE 19904147 A1, DE 10202582 C1 or DE 10248116 B3. Particles of the processed material are captured and swirled by a stream of air leaving the bottom, on the construction of which the specific nature of the swirling of the particles of the processed material depends on this. So, for example, with some additional deviation of the working air stream, a vortex flow in the form of a toroidally rotating ring is also gradually formed in the circumferential direction.

If necessary, the formation of dusty powder larger agglomerates, i.e. if it is necessary to granulate the material to be processed, an adhesive medium is additionally sprayed into a similar toroidally rotating vortex stream through nozzles. For this, for example, according to DE 10248116 B3, spray nozzles facing obliquely upwardly are inserted into the container wall enclosing the working chamber. When coating particles of the processed material, the coating must be applied, i.e. spray on an already enlarged particle with the most even layer.

The particles of the processed material swirled by the working air again fall under the action of their own gravity on the bottom, i.e. separated from the working air leaving the working chamber at its upper output end through the corresponding outlet.

The working air is supplied through the inlet to the chamber under the bottom and then through many holes in the bottom enters the working chamber.

After exiting the working chamber and after passing through filters, possibly provided at the upper end of the working chamber, the working air is removed from the apparatus and supplied for cleaning.

In the known devices to which the present invention relates, there are separate, so-called monoblock devices located outside the device itself, usually next to it or above it, and connected to it by piping systems.

In such cases, we are talking about monoblock devices for air supply, responsible for the conditioning of the working air, and monoblock devices for air exhaust, designed to meet the environmental requirements for cleaning the exhaust working air before it is released into the atmosphere. The working air supplied to the apparatus is heated accordingly, subjected to drying to bring the moisture content in it to a certain level, and fed to the apparatus with the flow rate necessary for carrying out the technological process.

Depending on the type of material processing in the apparatus, it is necessary to remove moisture, primarily solvents, from the working air discharged from it.

Known systems in which the apparatus itself, i.e. installation for granulation and coating in a fluidized bed (also called a granulator with a fluidized bed or abbreviated GSS), interacts with the necessary external monoblock devices for supplying and removing air, take up a lot of space. Moreover, the pipelines for supplying and discharging air often have a large length and, as a result, a large area of internal surfaces that require periodic cleaning or other maintenance.

Since such devices are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry, such pipelines are made of high-quality metal materials, which have a relatively large metal mass, which is a system with high thermal inertia and therefore prevents a rapid change in the temperature of the working air.

Since their inner surface in air ducts is clearly visible only extremely rarely, cleaning of such surfaces is possible only with the use of technically complex integrated systems designed for this. In this case, we are talking about devices for "in-place cleaning" or "in-place washing."

Installations with an extensive network of pipelines and many external devices also require relatively high costs for their sound and heat insulation, which are associated with significant costs for the construction and operation of such an apparatus.

A reactor for conducting exothermic chemical reactions in a fluidizing medium used to remove the heat of reaction is known from US 4,557,904. In such a reactor (apparatus), a cooler is provided for cooling and absorbing the heat released during the exothermic reaction.

From EP 0 282 777 A, an apparatus for burning carbon-containing material in a fluidized bed installation is known, in the working chamber of which there is a heat exchanger serving for cooling and / or heating of gases.

A pressure fluidized bed reactor is known from DE 4141227 A1, around which there are several filter groups for filtering solids around a central reaction space (reactor).

The basis of the present invention was the task of improving the apparatus of the type indicated at the beginning of the description in order to increase the economic efficiency of carrying out the corresponding technological process therein.

This problem is solved according to the invention due to the fact that the device according to the invention has an integrated device for conditioning and for circulating the working air in the circulation circuit, having at least one condenser and one air heater, and a filter system that is designed to remove solids from the stream leaving the working chamber of the working air, and the filters of which are installed along the working air stream in front of the device for its air conditioning i.

The solution proposed in the invention makes it possible to abandon the principle known from the prior art with placing monoblock devices outside the apparatus itself and to carry out the most important operations for processing working air, namely: conditioning and ensuring its circulation in a closed circulation loop, directly in the apparatus itself.

Integration into the apparatus of most of the elements necessary for processing the working air allows increasing the compactness of the apparatus and, as a result, significantly reducing the area and space required for its placement. At the same time, the elements necessary for processing the working air integrated into the apparatus have a lower mass, which is equivalent to a faster change in the temperature of the working air and an accelerated reaction of the system to control actions during regulation.

Thanks to the compact design of the apparatus proposed in the invention, it is also possible to reduce the level of noise accompanying its operation and the level of thermal emission. In such a design, surfaces of smaller area come into contact with the working air, which greatly simplifies their cleaning. In general, the solution proposed in the invention allows to reduce the cost of the entire installation, as well as to reduce the consumption of energy spent on its operation due to its significantly lower losses.

The working air leaving the working chamber in most cases contains solvents present in the processing medium applied in the working chamber to the material to be processed, in particular water and organic solvents. In addition to this, despite the presence of filters, it is possible that, together with the working air, the vapors of liquids or tiny droplets of liquids that are captured and carried by them can pass through them, thereby determining the total content of harmful substances in the exhaust working air. Similar components present in the working air can be separated from it by condensing them in a suitable condenser.

Due to the placement of the capacitor directly in the apparatus of the invention, the system does not have pipelines, which are necessary otherwise for supplying the working air containing harmful substances to external devices with a condenser.

Placing the air heater directly in the apparatus of the invention makes it possible to heat the working air to operating temperature immediately after it leaves the condenser. This ensures that the process of cooling the working air is optimal from the point of view of the energy balance in order to separate the condensate of the harmful substances transported by it and then reheat the working air to the working temperature.

The advantage associated with the presence of a filter system in the apparatus according to the invention consists in the purification of the working air circulating therein from the particulate matter trapped therein. Such a filter system can consist of known dynamic filter systems that trap even the smallest solid particles, which are periodically removed from the filters by creating pressure pulses and returned to the working chamber. Such filter systems can be filter candles, filter cartridges or filters with a clown-like collar resembling a shape located in the upper part of the working chamber.

The advantage associated with the placement of the filter system along the flow of working air before the device for conditioning it is to clean the working air of the filter system from trapped and transported by it solid particles even before the working air enters the condenser. This eliminates the contamination of the surfaces of the condenser with such particles transported by the working air, i.e. their deposition on the surfaces of the capacitor.

In one embodiment of the invention, a device for conditioning working air is located at least around the working chamber. The advantage of this option is to obtain an extremely compact design, which at the same time provides easy external access to the parts and elements of the device for conditioning working air. Such a compact design also allows the simplest way to solve the problem of noise and heat insulation.

In yet another embodiment, the filter system is also located around the working chamber. The advantage of this option is that despite the presence of filters, the apparatus proposed in the invention as a whole has a compact design, and also in that case extremely easy access to the elements of the filter system is provided, for example, from the outside of the apparatus.

In a further embodiment of the invention, a fan is installed underneath the apparatus to circulate the working air. The advantage of this option is that the space under the bottom of the apparatus is the optimal place to place such a fan, since such bottoms usually in any case have a round outer contour.

In a further embodiment of the invention, a fan is installed downstream of the working air between the condenser and the air heater. The advantage of this option is that the working air supplied to the fan is already cleaned of all harmful substances and, when forced by the fan, must pass only through the air heater on its way to the bottom of the device. This creates the conditions for a particularly effective control of working air conditioning regarding the regulation of its flow rate and / or enthalpy.

In yet another embodiment of the invention, the apparatus according to the invention provides at least one nozzle for spraying into the working chamber of a processing medium for processing powder material. This solution, known per se, provides the possibility of supplying the processing medium to the working chamber through nozzles in the required place.

In a further embodiment of the invention, it is possible to take the spraying air necessary for spraying the processing medium from the working air through a suitable pipe and to supply this spraying air to the nozzle. A significant advantage of this option is the possibility of creating a fully enclosed gas-tight system. In such a system, there is a constant circuit of air due to the fact that air in the amount necessary for spraying the processing medium through the nozzle is taken from the working air and fed into the nozzle. Such a solution allows you to get a particularly compact, completely sealed design, in which both the working air and the spraying air supplied to the nozzle move exclusively inside the apparatus without leakage to the outside. Since the nozzle sprays the processing medium into the working chamber, the spraying air leaving the nozzle is mixed with the working air and therefore can be cleaned with it, and accordingly conditioned, i.e. First of all, be cleaned of solvents or other similar substances and then fed back to the nozzle in the form of “clean atomizing air”.

In yet another embodiment, a compressor is provided for compressing atomizing air. The advantage of this option is the ability to individually control with the help of such a compressor the pressure of the atomizing air, respectively, its flow rate. A similar compressor can also be integrated into the apparatus proposed in the invention, but can also be located outside it, since the processing medium must be forced to be supplied externally with any substances, primarily with the substance that must be fed into the material being processed.

In a further embodiment of the invention, there is an annular space around the working chamber of the apparatus proposed therein, in which at least parts of the filter system and / or device for conditioning the working air are located. The advantage of this option is to obtain an apparatus extremely compact, taking up little construction space, in which individual parts and elements are located around the working chamber with easy access to them.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the working chamber of the apparatus proposed therein is bounded laterally by a vertical cylindrical wall, and below by an adjoining bottom, under which an air heater and a fan are located, and annular filters and at least one lower installed in the surrounding annular space the flow of the working air ring condenser. In this particular embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention, the device for conditioning working air is optimally adapted to the geometry of the working chamber, resulting in a particularly compact, efficiently mounted and thus easy to operate apparatus.

In another embodiment of the invention, the apparatus according to the invention is closed at its upper end from the outlet end of the working chamber with a lid for deflecting the working air into the device for conditioning it. Such a lid, therefore, serves not only as the lid itself, hermetically closing the device, and in some cases also as a viewing window for monitoring the processes occurring in the working chamber, but also simultaneously directs the working air leaving the working chamber to other devices for its cleaning, respectively conditioning, such as, for example, filters, capacitors and other devices of a similar purpose.

In another embodiment of the invention, a grid is located at the upper output end of the working chamber of the apparatus of the invention. Such a mesh is preferably in the form of a swinging mesh. The advantage of this option is the possibility of separating solid particles from the working air stream from the working chamber. Due to the implementation of the specified mesh swinging, the solid particles detained by it are separated from it and fall back into the working chamber. Thus, such particles again come to the processing. The implementation of a flat grid further increases the compactness of the apparatus proposed in the invention.

In a further embodiment of the invention, there is provided a device for aspirating solids detained by a filter system. The advantage of this option is to increase the efficiency of the filter system by aspirating the solids trapped by them from the filters. Moreover, in the presence of multi-stage filters, solids do not need to be sucked off from all filters, but it is quite sufficient to suck them off from a filter or filters that delay / delay the predominant, usually coarser, fraction of solids.

In yet another embodiment of the invention, the device for suctioning solids has a movable suction pipe through which solids periodically sucked by the filters of the filter system are suctioned. The advantage of this option is the possibility of supplying the suction pipe to the filters or moving it above them, and thus the possibility of aspirating solids from the filters directly during operation of the apparatus.

In another embodiment of the invention, when using the filter system in the apparatus of the invention with filters located in the annular space around the working chamber, the movable suction pipe is made in the form of a (rotating) suction pipe rotating in a circle. The advantage of this option is that due to the presence of a circularly rotating suction pipe, solids can be continuously aspirated from the filter system, but at the same time, sufficiently large sections of the filters always remain free to carry out their own filtering process.

In yet another embodiment of the invention, it is possible to return the suction device for suctioning off the solids of the working air after separating the solids sucked together with it back into the apparatus. The advantage of this option is to maintain the principle of air circulation in a closed circuit and in a similar design by returning the sucked working air back to the process.

In a further embodiment of the invention, a grid is arranged at the upper output end of the working chamber, for which purpose a suitable device is provided for blowing off the particles of the material to be adhered to it. Such a grid, which lets in small solid particles, which are then captured by the filters mentioned above, traps larger particles of the processed material trapped by the working air and transferred by it. These particles are either retained on the underside of the mesh by the flow of working air passing through it, or adhere to the underside of the mesh due to a jam in its cells or due to their still sticky consistency. As a result of this, such particles of the processed material are removed from the further processing process, and therefore, to ensure the most uniform treatment of all particles of the processed material, it is necessary to return them to the working chamber. In the considered embodiment, this function is also performed by the device for blowing off particles of the processed material adhering to it from the grid.

In yet another embodiment of the invention, a device for blowing off particles of a work material adhering to it from a mesh has an injection tip moving above the mesh. The advantage of this option is that the discharge tip allows you to continuously blow out parts of the grid with air, sufficiently large sections of which, however, remain free to pass working air and thereby maintain a generally constant circulation of working air in a closed circuit in the apparatus.

In yet another preferred embodiment of the invention, a device for sucking off solids from the filters from the filters and a device for blowing particles of the material to be adhered to the mesh from the mesh are combined in such a way that it is possible to supply working air sucked off by the device for sucking off solids into device for blowing solid particles. The advantage of this option, in turn, is that even with such an implementation of the filter cleaning system and the mesh purge, air circulation in a closed circuit is ensured, since it is precisely the air that is sucked in by the appropriate device for aspirating the solids they hold from the filters after they are separated from it is returned back to the system when it is purged by the grid.

In yet another embodiment of the invention, a radially rotating rotating combined suction-discharge tip is located above the working chamber of the apparatus of the invention. The advantage of this option is that both devices have one of which is designed to aspirate solids trapped by them from the filters, and the other to blow off particles of the processed material adhering to it from the mesh, a common structural element.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the suction-discharge tip has a suction hole located in the filter zone and facing them, and a discharge hole located in the mesh zone and facing it. In accordance with this, a rotating suction-discharge tip through the suction hole sucks the solids trapped by them from the filters and at the same time pumps air returning to the cycle through the mesh, with which particles of the processed material adhering to it are separated from the mesh.

In a further embodiment of the invention, a suction device is provided connected to a suction-discharge tip. The advantage of this option is the possibility of using, together with the apparatus proposed in the invention, for example, an industrial vacuum cleaner that sucks air from the apparatus and separates particulate matter trapped by it and from which “exhaust air” is then again supplied to the discharge tip. Such a solution not only requires minimal costs for its implementation, since the market has industrial vacuum cleaners of a wide variety of models, but also provides the ability to purposefully collect those detained by filters and then again removed from them by suction of solids. If we are talking about expensive solids, for example, pharmaceuticals, then this solution allows you to return them to processing. If we are talking about critical or environmentally hazardous substances, then such a solution allows you to purposefully remove them from the apparatus and collect them.

In yet another embodiment, the condenser has a first condenser for separating water condensate and a second condenser condenser for separating condensate of solvents whose vapor dew point is lower than the dew point of water vapor, sequentially installed behind it. When processing powdered material, primarily in the pharmaceutical industry, both aqueous solutions and solutions in organic solvents are processed in the working chamber. The implementation of a two-stage condenser, respectively, consisting of two condensers, allows you to first separate the water from the working air by isolating its condensate, and then those solvents, the vapor dew point of which is significantly lower than the dew point of water vapor. The advantage of this option is not only the ability to separately recover both of these substances due to two-stage condensation, but also the ability to prevent, for example, freezing of the released water condensate on a condenser operating on a cooler with an exceptionally low temperature.

In yet another embodiment of the invention, the apparatus provided therein is provided with a connection for supplying an inert gas. A significant advantage of this option is the possibility of supplying shielding gas to the internal space of the working chamber to ensure explosion-proof operation of the entire installation, for which the content, for example, of oxygen in the medium in the working chamber of the apparatus should be maintained at the level of protective (inert) gas below 6 vol.%.

In a further embodiment of the invention, a gas analyzer is provided for determining the composition of the working air in the apparatus, in particular for determining the oxygen content therein. The advantage of this option is the possibility of continuous analysis of the composition of the working air using a gas analyzer and thereby the possibility of eliminating the danger of an explosion.

It is obvious that the distinguishing features described above and discussed in the following description can be used not only in their specifically indicated, but also in other combinations or even individually, without departing from the scope of the invention.

Below the invention is described in more detail on the example of one of the variants of its implementation with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show:

figure 1 is a vertical section of a device according to the invention with an integrated device for conditioning working air and ensuring its circulation,

figure 2 is a cross section of the apparatus shown in figure 1,

figure 3 is a simplified schematic diagram of the proposed invention in the apparatus with some peripheral additional devices for feeding materials through the nozzle,

in Fig.4 is a vertical section similar to that shown in Fig.1 made in accordance with another embodiment of the apparatus proposed in the invention,

figure 5 is similar to that shown in figure 2 cross section of the apparatus shown in figure 4, and

in Fig.6 is a simplified schematic diagram of a device made in accordance with another embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention, similar to that shown in Fig.3.

Shown in Fig.1-3 apparatus for processing powdered material is indicated by the general position 10.

The apparatus 10, shown in longitudinal section in figure 1, has a container 12 with an inner vertical wall 14 in the form of a hollow cylinder. The wall 14 delimits laterally the corresponding working chamber 16, which is bounded below by the bottom 18.

The bottom 18 consists of seven annular plates of sheet metal arranged one above the other, which partially overlap each other with the formation between each two adjacent annular plates of slots, which are annular passage holes in the bottom.

Figure 2 in the top view as an example shows a similar annular plate made of sheet metal, indicated by 17, and the corresponding annular gap, indicated by 19.

In the center of the bottom 18 is a nozzle 20, which is made in the form of an annular slotted nozzle and an annular gap not shown in the drawing, which extends around the entire circumference of the nozzle 20, which thereby provides an annular liquid atomization in the plane of the bottom.

In more detail, the design and principle of operation of such a bottom are described, for example, in the publication DE 10248116 C1, which in this respect is incorporated into this description by reference.

The aforementioned spray nozzle with a spray angle of 180 ° and an angular extension of the liquid spray sector of 360 ° is described, for example, in DE 10232863 A1, which is incorporated herein by reference.

The use of such a bottom in combination with a similar spray nozzle is also described in PCT / EP2004 / 010096 of 09/10/2004.

Around the inner wall 14, with an indent from it, there is an outer wall 22, between which and the wall 14, as a result, an annular space 24 is formed. The outer wall 22 is made slightly higher than the wall 14, and the space bounded by the wall 22 is closed from above by a cover 26.

On the upper side, the space bounded by the wall 14 is closed by a swinging mesh 30, which is a component of the filter system 28.

In the upper part of the annular space 24 there are two annular filters 32 and 33 of the V-shaped profile of two different classes.

The swinging mesh 30 serves for preliminary (rough) purification of the exhaust air, the filter 32 of the V-shaped profile serves for fine cleaning of the exhaust air, and the filter 33 located below it of the V-shaped profile serves for ultrafine cleaning of the exhaust air.

Under the filter system 28, in the annular space 24, there is a two-stage condenser 35, into which cooling medium 40 is supplied and discharged through connections 37, 38. Depending on the type of substances separated from the exhaust air by condensation, for example, water and solvents such as acetone , isopropanol, ethanol and others, the temperature passing through the connection 37 and 38 of the cooling medium 40 may be from -40 to + 5 ° C.

The inner wall 14 ends indented from the base 41, which ends on the bottom of the outer wall 22. As a result, an annular hole 42 remains between the lower end of the inner wall and the base. A drop separator 43 is located in the region of this hole 42, which is located above the collecting tray 44 to which it is connected exhaust pipe 45, through which condensed liquids enter the collecting tank 46 (see figure 3).

In the space 47, bounded above by the bottom 18, and on the side by the wall 14, there is a fan 48, operating as a centrifugal blower. Such a suction centrifugal high-performance fan is driven by a hydraulic, pneumatic or electric drive. In the center above the fan 48 is a nozzle 20, which can be removed from the apparatus 10 by removing from the bottom of the bottom 18. Having a approximately cylindrical shape and located under the bottom 18, the body of the centrally located nozzle 20 is surrounded by a pipe 51 spaced from it.

Around the pipe 51 is an air heater 52 into which coolant 57 is supplied and removed through outwardly protruding connections 54, 55. Heated water, hot water or water vapor can be used as such a coolant. The air heater can also be made in the form of an electric air heater.

In the space between the outer side of the nozzle body 20 and the pipe 51, there are shutters 50.

Between the fan 48 and the air heater 52 are another shutter 49.

By changing the position of the dampers, it is possible to increase or decrease the flow rate of the working air supplied by the fan 48 in the direction of the air heater 52, supplied directly to the air heater 52 or bypassed between the air heater 52 and the nozzle body 20 to the bottom side of the bottom 18. The corresponding adjustment of the position of the dampers is not shown management system.

The walls 14, 22 are provided with insulation 59, 61, respectively, visible in the longitudinal and transverse sections of the apparatus, due to which the condenser 35 and the air heater 52 are thermally insulated from each other.

Located in the annular space 24, a condenser 35, a fan 48, and an air heater 52 are components of a device 60 for conditioning working air 21 and for ensuring its circulation in a closed loop.

To create a closed circulation system, the working air 21 after it passes through the droplet separator 43 is discharged from the apparatus 10 through the suction pipe 63, as shown in Fig.3.

The exhaust air 21 discharged through the suction pipe 63 is compressed by the compressor 73 and again fed into the nozzle 20 as a spray air through two pipes 74, 75. The processing medium 76 sprayed by the nozzle 20 is prepared in a mixer 67 with a mixer 69 and is pumped into the nozzle 20 by the sediment 71.

As already mentioned above, the nozzle 20 is made in the form of an annular slotted nozzle (with a circular spray gap) spraying the processing medium in cooperation with the spraying air in the form of an approximately horizontal flat jet above the uppermost annular guide plate of the bottom 20 indented from it.

The annular plates 17 are arranged one above the other in such a way that the working air 21 exits the bottom in the form of a flow moving radially from inside to outside, then deflected upward by the radially inner surface of the wall 14 and capturing particles of the material to be processed, which subsequently fall again in the center onto the head nozzles 20, as indicated in figure 1 by the corresponding arrows indicating the direction of movement of the working air and particles of the processed material.

Thus, the particles of the processed material are swirled in the working chamber 16 by the working air 21 passing through the bottom 18, forming, for example, a vortex flow in the form of a toroidally rotating ring. In this case, the processed material is exclusively uniformly treated with liquid sprayed in the form of a flat jet.

The working air 21 at the upper end of the working chamber 16 exits from it and passes through the swinging mesh 30, which retains large particles of solid matter trapped by the working air, which again shake from it, respectively, from its lower side, and return to the working chamber 16.

The bottom side of the cover 26, the exhaust working air 21 is deflected vertically downward and uniformly fed into the annular space 24. The flow of exhaust working air enters the annular space 24 from top to bottom and passes through the first filter 32 of the V-shaped profile, and then through the second filter 33 of the V-shaped profile with which the smallest particles of solid material trapped by it are also filtered out from the working air.

After that, the exhaust working air passes through a two-stage condenser 35, which separates water and other solvents from the working air by condensing them. Condensate build up accumulates in the bottom collection pan 44.

The drop separators 43 provided in the system are intended for additional separation of the smallest droplets of liquid trapped by it from the working air.

The exhausted working air 21 purified in this way goes further into the space 47 and already does not contain any possible impurities, whether it is solids or liquid droplets. Part of this working air is sucked into the suction pipe 63 and, after the compression described above, is supplied by the compressor 33 as atomizing air to the nozzle 20.

The working air 21 is supplied by the blower 48 to the air heater 52 and is heated in it to the appropriate temperature.

Depending on the position of the dampers 49, 50, the working air 21 is passed directly through the air heater 52 with a greater or lesser flow rate.

The working air heated in the air heater then enters the bottom side of the bottom 18, passes through the slits 19 in it and first forms a kind of approximately horizontal air cushion, on which a toroidally moving intensely fluidized ring of swirling particles of the material being processed “rests”.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, through a connection 65, which is connected to a fan 77, behind which filters 79 are loaded with activated carbon, a certain vacuum of about 100 Pa can be maintained in the system for a long time.

In the system itself, there is a constant circuit of air, i.e. the working air discharged through the suction line 63 from the internal circulation circuit is again supplied to it as atomizing air through the nozzle, as a result of which no amount of working air leaves the entire system or it does not need to be supplied with air from the outside. Since in such systems a certain pressure should be maintained below atmospheric, they include a so-called make-up or auxiliary fan 77, which allows creating a vacuum of about 100 Pa in the system and simultaneously pumping air through the filter 79 loaded with activated carbon, respectively overcoming the flow resistance created by this filter.

In practice, the entire system is completely sealed, respectively gas-tight, and the make-up fan 77 always works against low pressure, but does not pump any amount of air due to the absence of leaks.

The processed material can be loaded into the working chamber 16 from above with the lid 26 open and the raised swinging mesh 30.

The treated material is unloaded in the radial or tangential direction through the nozzle 82 with a plug 84 radially or tangentially mounted in it, which can be removed from the nozzle or reinserted into it manually or mechanically / automatically. Moving radially and tangentially with working air 21 over the bottom 18, the product in the form of particles of the processed material automatically enters the discharge pipe 82 and through it enters the corresponding receiver, not shown in the drawing.

The design shown in the drawings also allows extremely simple cleaning of all internal surfaces of the system.

So, for example, all internal surfaces of the system can be washed with flushing or cleaning liquid to ensure its circulation by switching the fan 48 to a relatively slow rotation mode, i.e. its switching to work in a mode in which a kind of washing machine effect is achieved.

To provide easy access to the parts of the device 60 located in the annular space 24, it is possible to lift the entire outer wall 22 or to make it segmented into separate parts in the form of individually raised doors.

Figure 4-6 shows made in another embodiment proposed in the invention apparatus, indicated by the general position 90.

Since this apparatus 90 is similar in many structural elements to the apparatus described above with reference to FIGS. 1-3, the same parts and elements in both embodiments are denoted by the same positions.

The apparatus 90 has, as indicated above, a vertically arranged container 92 in the form of a hollow cylinder, forming a working chamber 94.

Bottom of the working chamber 94 is limited by a bottom 96, which is made in the same way as the bottom 18 described above, in the center of which there is a corresponding nozzle 20, a fan 48 is attached to its lower side. Accordingly, in this embodiment, an air heater 52 with its connections 54 and 55 is also provided .

The working chamber 94 in the apparatus 90 is also surrounded by an annular space 98 in which the corresponding parts and elements of the device for conditioning working air are located.

So, in particular, and in this embodiment, there are two ring filters 100 and 101 of the V-shaped profile, which are located at the upper end of the annular space 98 located on the side of the running air flow.

In contrast to the apparatus 10, the apparatus 90 is additionally provided with a third V-shaped filter 102, which is located downstream of the second V-shaped filter 101 in the direction of the working air flow.

This third V-shaped filter 102 serves as the third static filtering stage of the so-called class S, i.e. It is a filter for trapping fine aerosol particles (or a filter with a process in the suspended load layer).

In addition, unlike the apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 1, the apparatus 90 uses not one capacitor 35, but two capacitors.

The first annular condenser 104 is located in the annular space 98 downstream of the third filter 102 of the V-shaped profile and is designed to remove water from the working air by isolating its condensate. Through the appropriate connections 37 and 38, either cold water with a temperature of, for example, from 6 to 12 ° C, or saline solution with a temperature of from -5 to 0 ° C is supplied to this first capacitor, respectively. The water condensate formed in the first condenser 104 flows into the annular collecting pan 105 and enters the collecting tank 46, described above with reference to FIG. 3, through the exhaust pipe 106.

The second condenser 107 is located at the lower end of the tank 92, and through the corresponding connections 108, 109 a cooling medium, for example, a low-temperature cooler (with a temperature of the order of -20 ° C), such as freon, is supplied to and removed from it.

This second condenser 107 is designed to separate the condensate of those liquids whose vapor dew point is lower than the dew point of water vapor, for example, organic solvents. The condensate formed in the second condenser 107 flows into the collecting pan 110 located below and through the exhaust pipe 111 enters the second collecting tank 112, as shown in FIG. 6. A perforated metal sheet 114 is located above the second condenser 107, which acts as a leveling device for the flow, thanks to which a more or less aligned flow of working air is supplied to the underside of the bottom 96 through the heater 52 with a fan 48.

In the cover 123 of the apparatus 90 are located a device 116 for suctioning working air, as well as a device 117 for blowing it. Both of these devices 116, 117 are combined with each other in that they have a common suction-discharge tip 118, which is shown primarily in FIG.

The suction-discharge tip 118 is supported through the support roller 120 on the upper edge 121 of the wall of the container 92. A drive 122 is also mounted on the center of the cover 123 to drive the suction-discharge tip 118 into rotation about the central vertical longitudinal axis of the apparatus 90, i.e. around the longitudinal axis of its drive shaft 124, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.

As shown in FIG. 5, the suction and delivery tip 118 is rotated clockwise, for example, at a speed of 5 to 10 rpm. The upper end of the working chamber, respectively, of the container 92 is closed by a static grid 113.

As shown in longitudinal section in figure 4, the suction-discharge tip 118 has a suction pipe 126, the inlet of which is facing the filter 100 of the V-shaped profile and located directly above it. At the corresponding discharge tip 128, its outlet is facing the grid 113 and is located directly above it.

As shown in the plan view of FIG. 5, the suction-discharge nozzle 118 is located approximately radially and at the same time in the circumferential direction overlaps a certain part of the perimeter of the highest filter 100 of the V-shaped profile. Solids retained by the filters 100 and 101 are sucked in through the suction pipe together with air. At the same time, a mesh portion 113 located radially closer to the center is blown.

As shown in FIG. 6, the combined device for suctioning and forcing air by the corresponding piping 136 and 138 is connected to the suction device 134 in the form of an industrial vacuum cleaner.

In other words, the suction device 134 through the suction pipe 126 and through the filters 100 and 101 draws in air, which traps the particulate matter 130 held up by the filters, which enters the suction device 134 and is filtered out from the air stream, while the “exhaust air” returns to the discharge air tip 128 and, passing through the mesh 113, blows particles of the processed material 132 adhering to its lower side back to the working chamber 94, respectively, into the mass of particles of the processed mat swirling above the bottom 96 rial. Thus, the process described above occurs in a closed circulation circuit.

As shown in FIG. 4, apparatus 90 is provided with a connection 140 for supplying inert gas to the interior or for purging it with inert gas.

In FIG. 6, a system for maintaining the vacuum created by the make-up fan 77 is additionally integrated with a gas analyzer 142, the sensing element of which is in contact with the working air passing through the pipe 144. This gas analyzer 142 allows you to analyze the composition of a particular gas, primarily for the presence of an explosive mixture, the formation of which is impossible when the oxygen content in the working gas remains below 6 vol.%. In order to maintain the oxygen concentration in the working gas below the specified threshold value in the system, it is additionally possible to provide appropriate technical means of control.

Claims (24)

1. An apparatus (10, 90) for processing a powder material having a working chamber (16, 94) for processing a powder material in it with a bottom (18, 96) equipped with through holes for supplying working air (21) through them to the working chamber (16, 94), an outlet for exhausting working air (21) from the working chamber (16, 94), a device (60) integrated in the apparatus (10, 90) for conditioning and for circulating working air (21) in the circulation circuit having at least one condenser (35; 104, 107) and one air heater (52) and a filter system (28), which is designed to remove solids (130) from the flow of working air (21) leaving the working chamber (16, 94) and filters (30, 32, 33, 100, 101, 102) which are installed the flow of working air in front of the device (60) for conditioning, while around the working chamber (16) there is an annular space (24, 98) in which at least parts of the filter system (28) and / or device (60 ) for air conditioning. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that a fan (48) is installed under the bottom (18, 96) to ensure the circulation of working air (21). 3. The apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the fan (48) is installed along the flow of working air between the condenser (35, 104, 107) and the air heater (52). 4. The apparatus according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least one nozzle (20) is provided for spraying into the working chamber (16, 94) of the processing medium (76) for processing the powder material. 5. The apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that it is possible to take the spraying air necessary for spraying the processing medium (76) from the working air (21) through the corresponding pipe (63) and supply this spraying air to the nozzle (20). 6. The apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that a compressor (73) is provided for compressing the atomizing air. 7. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the working chamber (16, 96) is laterally limited by a vertical cylindrical wall (14), and below it by an adjacent bottom (18), under which an air heater (52) and a fan ( 48), and in the annular space surrounding the wall (14) (24, 98) are located ring filters (32, 33, 100, 101, 102) and at least one ring condenser (35) installed downstream of the working air flow . 8. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that a cap (26, 123) is provided at its upper end, which allows the deflection of the working air (21) to the device (60) for conditioning it. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, characterized in that at the upper output end of the working chamber (16) is a grid (30, 113). 10. The apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that the mesh is made in the form of a swinging mesh (30). 11. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that a device (116) is provided for suctioning solids detained by the filter system (130). 12. The apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that the device (116) for suction of solids has a movable suction pipe (126) through which solids (130) are intermittently sucked by the filters (100, 101) of the filter system. 13. The apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that in the presence of a filter system with filters (100, 101) located in the annular space (38) around the working chamber (94), the movable suction pipe (120) is made in the form of a rotating circle suction port (126). 14. The apparatus according to one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that it is possible to return the suction device (116) for sucking off the solids of the working air after separating the solids (130) sucked together with it back into the apparatus (90). 15. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that at the upper output end of the working chamber (94) there is a grid (113) for blowing off adherent particles of the processed material (132), a corresponding device (117) is provided. 16. The apparatus according to claim 15, characterized in that the device (117) for blowing off particles of the processed material adhering to the grid is movable for periodically blowing off particles of the processed material adhering to the grid (113) (132). 17. The apparatus according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the device (117) for blowing off particles of the material to be adhered to the mesh from the mesh has an injection tip moving over the mesh (113) (128). 18. The apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that the device (116) for aspirating the solids trapped by them from the filters (100, 101) and the device (117) for blowing particles of the processed material adhering to the mesh (113) are combined with each other in that respect, it is possible to supply working air sucked off by the device (116) for sucking off solids into the device (117) for blowing off solid particles. 19. The apparatus according to p. 18, characterized in that above the working chamber (94) is located passing in the radial direction of the rotating combined suction-discharge tip (118). 20. The apparatus according to claim 19, characterized in that the suction-discharge tip (118) has a suction hole located in the filter area (100, 101) and facing them, and a discharge hole located in the mesh area (113) and facing To her. 21. The apparatus according to claim 19, characterized in that a suction device (134) is connected to the suction-discharge tip (118). 22. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the condenser has a first condenser (104) for separating water condensate and a second condenser (107) sequentially installed behind it for separating condensate of solvents whose vapor dew point is lower than the dew point of water vapor. 23. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the connection (140) for supplying an inert gas is provided. 24. The apparatus according to claim 23, characterized in that a gas analyzer (142) is provided for determining the composition of the gas in the apparatus, primarily for determining the oxygen content.

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