RU2380880C1 - Air force sowing unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: sowing unit comprises body, seed and discharge chambers, sowing disc with batching elements arranged along end plane. Each of batching elements has cell and through hole for suction of seeds. Unit also has channel of overpressure, which is connected to discharge chamber and is directed towards side of sowing disc end plane, and intake device. Intake device comprises pneumatic seed duct arranged in the form of tube, one end of which is located in seed chamber and is directed towards batching elements. Overpressure channel is arranged around pneumatic seed duct.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to increase quality of single-grain sowing of seeds.

4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to single-grain pneumatic sowing devices.

Known pneumatic sowing apparatus [1], containing the seed and pressure chambers, separated by a perforated septum, sowing disk with metering elements and ejector tubes placed in the seed chamber connected to the vas deferens.

The disadvantage of this design of the sowing apparatus is the lack of devices for removing "excess" seeds in it, which leads to an increase in multi-piece seed feeds by each metering element and a decrease in the quality of single-grain sowing.

Closest to the technical nature of the present invention is a pneumatic metering device [2], comprising a housing, seed and pressure chambers, a metering disk with metering elements located around the circumference of its end plane, each of which has a cell and a through hole for sucking seeds, an excess channel pressure connected to the pressure chamber and directed towards the end plane of the metering disk, and a sampling device containing a pneumatic seed tube made in the form of tubes and, one end of which is located in the seed chamber and directed towards the metering elements.

The disadvantage of this sowing apparatus is that the air flow coming from the overpressure channel, which is a pneumatic reflector of the "extra" seeds, striking the end face of the sowing disk, changes its direction and, with a powerful stream, moving away from the metering elements, carries away like " extra "seeds, as well as some of the main seeds, which occupy a dominant position in their metering elements, which leads to the formation of gaps in the supply of seeds by metering elements and a decrease in the quality of one seed sowing.

The technical result, which is achieved by the invention, is to improve the quality of single-grain sowing of seeds.

To achieve the specified technical result in a pneumatic sowing device containing a housing, a seed and pressure chambers, a sowing disk with metering elements located around the circumference of its end plane, each of which has a cell and a through hole for sucking seeds, an overpressure channel connected to the pressure chamber and directed toward the end plane of the metering disk, and an intake device containing a pneumatic seed tube made in the form of a tube, one end of which is located false in the seed chamber and directed towards the metering elements, the overpressure channel is located around the pneumatic seed line.

The proposed pneumatic metering apparatus is illustrated by the drawings shown in figures 1-3.

Figure 1 shows a pneumatic metering device, a cross section;

Figure 2 - pneumatic sowing apparatus, a longitudinal section;

Figure 3 is a section along aa in figure 2.

The pneumatic metering apparatus comprises a housing 1 (Figs. 1, 2), in which a metering disc 3 (Figs. 1-3) is located on a horizontal shaft 2 with metering elements 4 located around the circumference of its end plane, each of which has a cell 5 and a through a hole 6 for sucking seeds 7, a seed chamber 8 and a pressure chamber 9, an overpressure channel 10 connected to the pressure chamber 9 and directed towards the end plane of the seed disk 3, and a suction device 11 containing a pneumatic seed tube 12 made in the form of a tube, o yn end of which is located in the seed chamber 8 and directed toward the metering elements 4, the duct 10 is disposed around the overpressure pnevmosemyaprovoda 12. By the end plane of the seed disc 3 are not conjugate with the seed chamber 8 by means of the cover 13 is pressed against the gasket 14.

The operation of the pneumatic sowing apparatus is as follows. The air coming from the pressure chamber 9 (Fig. 1) through the overpressure channel 10 is divided into two balanced air flows, one of which, the air stream 15, enters the pneumatic seed rod 12, and the other, the air stream 16, enters the seed chamber 8, creating in it, a pneumatic injection overpressure mode, under the influence of which, as well as as a result of the forces of mutual lateral pressure between the seeds 7 located in the seed chamber 8, the seeds 7 fill one or more pieces of the metering elements 4 (Figs. 1, 3) by rotating sowing disk 3 and are transported to the intake device 11 (Fig. 1), as they approach it, they are exposed to a constantly amplifying and changing direction air stream 16 (Figs. 1-3), which, bending around the "extra" seeds 7 '( 3), blows them out of the metering elements 4, and enveloping the main seeds 7 '', each occupying a dominant position in its metering element 4 (that is, in close proximity to the through holes 6), presses them to the through holes 6 and holds in cells 5, resulting in in each metering element 4 there remains one, securely fixed seed 7 ''. After that, each of the metering elements 4 is alternately located opposite the pneumatic seed 12 (figure 1), where the air flow 15 (figure 1) freely captures each of the main seeds 7 '' and their transportation through the pneumatic seed 12 to the open coulter (not shown shown) a furrow (not shown in the drawing). Thus, by placing the overpressure channel around the pneumatic seed conduit and dividing the air flow entering the seed chamber into two balanced air flows that smoothly and unstressed act on the seeds in the metering elements, the number of passes in the seed supply is reduced and the claimed technical result is achieved - improving the quality of single-grain sowing of seeds.

Information sources

1. USSR copyright certificate No. 1066477, cl. АСС 7/04, 1984 Bull. No. 2.

2. RF patent No. 2226759, cl. АСС 7/04, 2004 - prototype.

Claims (1)

A pneumatic metering apparatus comprising a housing, a seed and pressure chambers, a metering disc with metering elements located around the circumference of its end plane, each of which has a cell and a through hole for sucking seeds, an overpressure channel connected to the pressure chamber and directed towards the end plane seed disk, and a sampling device containing a pneumatic seed tube made in the form of a tube, one end of which is located in the seed chamber and is directed towards their elements, characterized in that the overpressure channel is located around the pneumatic seed.

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