RU2377043C1 - Filtration element for fluid fine cleaning - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to process engineering and can be used for fine purification of fluids. Proposed filtration element serves to clean fluid from suspensions, bacteria, dissolved chemical and organic compounds and other pollutants. Proposed filtration element comprises filtered fluid discharge union, filtration substrate and outer membranes, and rectangular rigid plate. Each longer side of the latter has at least two lengthwise flow capillary flow passages arranged parallel to said sides. Note that one ends of said passages communicate, via crosswise flow passages, with aforesaid filtered fluid discharge union. Said crosswise flow passages are arranged parallel to shorter sides of the plate and perpendicular to lengthwise flow passages.

EFFECT: higher efficiency and reliability, possibility to use in both free-flow and main line versions.

4 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices used for thin filtering liquids by consumers: drinking water, alcohols, hydrocarbons, esters, gasoline, kerosene, organic compounds, acids, hydrogen peroxide, etc., which effectively cleans the filtered liquid from suspensions, bacteria, dissolved chemical and organic compounds, heavy metals, aluminum, iron and other contaminants; the filter element is chemically neutral and can find application in domestic and industrial conditions, in the chemical industry, in medicine, in pharmaceuticals and in scientific works, and in the absence of drinking tap water for individual consumers.

A known apparatus for water purification, comprising a housing, an ultrafiltration unit, a filter element, loading from a material with a density lower than the density of water, for example polystyrene foam, nozzles for supplying raw water (A.S. USSR 1584984, B01D 61/00, 1990 .).

The disadvantage of this apparatus is the insufficient quality of water treatment.

A known filter for fine cleaning, containing a housing made with collectors for collecting the filtrate, a fitting and a hose for draining filtered water, a filter substrate and filter elements that are made of a film with through holes (see RF patent No. 2145984 according to class C02F 9/00 with a priority of 1999).

The disadvantage of this filter is the difficulty in operation when the level of the filtered liquid is lower than the height of the filter element.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved effect is a filter for cleaning liquid, including a fitting for draining the filtered liquid, a filter substrate and external membranes made of a film with through holes (see RF patent No. 2145943 according to class C02F 9/00 with priority from 02/27/2000).

Although this technical solution allows improving the quality of water purification, it is not designed to operate under pressure in standard household and industrial filters and does not provide for its operation when the filter element is vertically located in the supply tank when the level of the filtered liquid falls below the height of the filter element in non-pressure use of the filter element for filtering liquid. When a polymer tube is put on the nozzle, the filter element is placed in a vessel with a filtered liquid, located 50-70 cm above the vessel to collect the filtered liquid.

The basis of the invention is the task of improving the filter element of the household filter for fine liquid purification, in which, thanks to such a design with longitudinal and transverse capillary grooves and tight sealing around the perimeter of a rectangular rigid plate of the membrane and filter substrate, it can be used both in pressure-free and trunk options, as well as in horizontal and vertical positions, when the level of the filtered liquid drops neither e heights filter element. The use of a membrane porous filtration material as a substrate ensures that no accumulated contaminants accumulate on the surface of the track membrane during filtration of multiple contaminants into the filtrate when the outer track membrane is damaged.

The specified technical result is achieved in that the filter element for fine filters of liquid, made with a fitting for draining the filtered liquid and containing a filter substrate and external membranes made of a film with through holes, contains a rectangular plate, each of which has elongated sides, at least two flowing longitudinal capillary grooves parallel to the elongated sides of the plate, with one end of the grooves communicating with a fitting for a filtered fluid inlet through flowing transverse grooves parallel to the shortened side of the plate and perpendicular to the longitudinal grooves.

The specified result is also achieved by the fact that the filter substrate is located between the outer membranes and the flat sides of the rigid plate.

The indicated result is also achieved by the fact that the filtration substrates and external membranes are laminated and tightly connected to a rigid plate.

The indicated result is also achieved by the fact that the filtration substrates and external membranes around the perimeter are rigidly fixed to the rigid plate by heat sealing.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where

figure 1 shows a top view of the filter element;

figure 2 is a longitudinal section bb of the filter element for fine filters of liquids;

figure 3 is a section aa of figure 2;

figure 4 is a diagram of a liquid filtration with a leader, giving an idea of the implementation of pores in the membrane.

The filter element for thin cleaning the liquid consists of a rigid plate 1 (Figs. 1-4), made of a rectangular shape and made of polypropylene 200 × 68 × 4 mm in size with an internal capillary structure in the form of capillary grooves 2-7 and a fitting 8 for filtered drainage water. On top and bottom of the rigid plate is a filter substrate 9 and 10 of non-woven material (for example, a mixture of polypropylene and polyethylene) with a thickness of 100-200 microns. A protective membrane 11 and 12 is laminated on the outer sides of the substrate (a film with a thickness of 10-20 μm with calibrated holes with sizes that can be selected in the range from 0.2 to 1.2 μm is a track membrane). The membrane can be made of polycarbonate, lavsan, polyimide, polypropylene, fluorine-containing film. The filter element is sealed by thermal welding along the perimeter of the housing above and below. The track membrane and filter pad are welded to the rigid plate.

Substrate 9 and 10 can be made of at least one layer and is a membrane filter made from derivatives of polymers. The membrane filter material forms a cohesive structure so that there are no free particles or fibers. At the same time, it can be considered that the filtration process is similar to the action of a multilayer sieve or sieve with very small cells, the dimensions of the passages, or pores, within a separate filter element are maintained with very tight tolerances (of the order of 0.05 μm), which makes it possible to produce a filter -elements with pores of various sizes.

In the rigid plate 1 of the filter element, flowing longitudinal 2-5 and flowing transverse 6 and 7 capillary grooves are made, which ensure its operation over the entire membrane area. With the right choice of a combination of the dimensions of the rigid plate, the thickness and porosity of the substrate, the size and location of the capillary grooves, the operating mode of the filter element during the filtering process is optimal from the point of view of productivity and resource. It is also possible to operate the filter element in a pressure-free version in any position (horizontal or vertical), and the filter element in the vertical position does not stop working, even when the level of the filtered liquid falls below the height of the filter element, the filter element “sucks” the filtered liquid like a pump to the bottom. This effect is provided by the internal wetting of the membrane from the inside of the filter element by the capillary effect of lifting the liquid to a predetermined height.

The pore size of the substrate should be larger than the pore size of the membrane. The thickness of the substrate should be an order of magnitude greater than the thickness of the membrane. Compliance with these ratios will ensure uniformity of filtration over the entire area of the filter element and its best performance.

The membrane is laminated to the substrate, while the total lamination area does not exceed 10% of the total working surface of the membrane, which ensures the strength of the track membrane and its tight pressing against the substrate to ensure optimal uniform operation of the filter element over the entire membrane area.

This design of the filter element allows you to use it in both pressure-free and trunk versions. The design of the filter element (it is an absolutely flat rigid case with capillary grooves, a membrane, a filtering substrate and a fitting) ensures its operation with an external pressure of the filtered liquid up to 10 atm. In the non-pressure version of the use of the filter element, this refers to the liquid filtration scheme, when the polymer tube 13 is put on the fitting (Figs. 1 and 4), the filter element is placed in the vessel 14 with the filtered liquid located 50-70 cm above the vessel 15 for collecting filtered fluid.

In extreme situations: natural disasters, floods, tourism, military operations, the filter element can be used as an individual filter. By attaching a 4 mm polymer tube to the nozzle or directly dropping the filter element into the water directly through the nozzle, you can safely drink water by sucking it with your mouth.

The materials and manufacturing technologies used in the manufacture of the filter element provide:

- its chemical neutrality;

- the possibility of sterilization, for example, by boiling (this possibility is provided due to the fact that there are no internal containers in the structure of the filter element, otherwise it would simply burst);

- selection of parameters (pores) of the track membrane and substrate allows one to produce the most optimal (from the point of view of resource and productivity) filter elements for filtering various liquids both in terms of viscosity and contamination, and in the quality of the required cleaning.

The claimed technical solution can be effectively used for fine filtration of the following liquids: drinking water, alcohols, hydrocarbons, ethers, gasoline, kerosene, organic compounds, acids, hydrogen peroxide, etc., while it allows you to effectively filter:

- various finely divided mechanical particles and suspensions;

- all types of bacteria - 100%;

- heavy metals - 85-95%;

- lead - more than 90%;

- cadmium - 80%;

- iron 3-valent - 100%;

- petroleum products - more than 95%;

- pesticides - more than 90%;

- aluminum - 100%.

A multilayer membrane filter element has all the filtering properties inherent in a track membrane and a membrane volume filter.

The flow rate is proportional to the filtration area and the pressure difference and inversely proportional to the viscosity of the filtered fluid. The inventive filter element when filtering drinking water at a pressure of 1 atm is able to provide an initial productivity of 30 liters per hour.

The service life of the membrane filter element is the volume of liquid that can be passed through the filter element before the flow rate drops below the required level or until the flow stops completely, i.e. until the filter element is clogged. The use of an external track membrane allows the regeneration of the filter element as it is contaminated with an acid solution (regeneration efficiency of 92-94%), which significantly increases its service life.

When using the filter element in the form of an individual filter, it is necessary for the filtration process to create a pressure differential on the membrane due to the difference in the static heights H and H ₁ (50-70 cm) of the arrangement of the supply container and the container for collecting the filtered liquid (Fig. 3). Such a filter is always ready to work in extreme cases and is put into operation when it is necessary to obtain a liquid purified from harmful substances (impurities), while installing the filter and its maintenance (regeneration) is quite simple and does not take much time.

The implementation of the claimed technical solution allows to increase the efficiency and reliability of the filter element, expand the range of its use in standard household and industrial filters, and also allows it to be used in emergency cases, in the form of an individual filter (this ensures its performance at any location of the filter element in the capacity of the filtered liquid (horizontally or vertically) and at any liquid level).

Claims (4)

1. The filter element for fine filters of liquid, made with a fitting for draining the filtered liquid, containing a filter substrate and external membranes made of film with through holes, characterized in that it contains a rigid plate of rectangular shape, each of the elongated sides of which is made, at least two flowing longitudinal capillary grooves parallel to the elongated sides of the plate, with one end of the grooves communicating with a fitting for draining the filtered fluid flowing transverse grooves parallel to the shortened side of the plate and perpendicular to the longitudinal grooves. 2. The filter element according to claim 1, characterized in that the filter substrate is located between the outer membranes and the elongated sides of the rigid plate. 3. The filter element according to claim 1, characterized in that the filtering substrate and the outer membrane are laminated and tightly connected to the rigid plate. 4. The filter element according to claim 1, characterized in that the filtering substrate and the outer membrane around the perimeter are rigidly fixed to the rigid plate by heat sealing.

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