RU2376743C2 - Method and device for addition of fertiliser in cultivation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method includes dosed supply of fertiliser under cultivator leg. In front of cultivator leg hardness of soil is continuously measured on its undersurface level. Depending on variation of soil hardness, dose of fertiliser supplied under cultivator leg is varied. Device comprises frame, ripper, stand, strain gage link, metering complex, cultivator leg, hopper for fertilisers and fertiliser funnel. Ripper is installed on lower arm of double-arm lever, which is hingedly arranged relative to frame. Stand is rigidly installed relative to frame. Strain gage link is connected to upper arm of double-arm lever and stand, and is connected to metering complex. Cultivator leg is fixed on frame behined ripper. Fertiliser funnel is connected under cultivator leg and is communicated to hopper via batcher. Batcher includes actuating element in the form of gate with electromechanical drive. Metering complex is an analog-digital/digital-analog conveter ADC/DAC connected to notebook and to electromechanical drive of batcher gate. On frame there is a slider installed with the possibility of longitudinal motion relative to travel of moving and fixing device. On slider there are hinged and rigid joints of double-arm lever and stand relative to frame.

EFFECT: invention provides for coordination of fertiliser dose supplied under cultivator leg with fertility of parcel ripped at the moment by cultivator leg.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, and in particular to methods and means of fertilizing, in particular during cultivation.

A known method of fertilizing during cultivation, comprising a metered feed of fertilizers under the cultivator paw [1].

The disadvantage of this method is the impossibility of dosing fertilizer, respectively permanently changing soil fertility in the cultivated area.

The objective of the invention is the dosing of the fertilizer according to the fertility of the soil on each parcel (a very small plot of land) of the cultivated area.

The objective of the invention is solved by the following set of features of the proposed method.

The proposed method, as well as known, includes feeding fertilizer under the cultivating paw. In contrast to the known method, in the proposed method, the soil hardness is constantly measured at its subsurface level in front of the cultivator paw and, depending on the change in soil hardness, the dose of fertilizer supplied under the cultivator paw is changed.

The technical result of the invention is the consistency of the dose of fertilizer supplied under the cultivating paw with the fertility of the parcel, currently being cultivated by the cultivating paw.

The signs of the proposed method are in a causal relationship with the technical result. It is known [2] that soil fertility, namely, the depth of humus, is inversely related to soil hardness in this area. And when measuring the soil hardness in front of the cultivating paw at a distance that the cultivating paw will pass in a time equal to the time it takes for the fertilizer to pass from the doser of the pre-cultivating paw, a modified dose of fertilizer will be applied at the site of measuring soil fertility. It is known [3] that it is possible to increase the yield of crops with a lack of humus by the introduction of mineral fertilizers.

To measure the hardness of the soil, a measuring device is known that determines the hardness of the soil by continuously recording the soil resistance force. The known device includes a frame, a cultivator mounted on the lower shoulder of the two shoulders of the lever pivotally connected relative to the frame, a rack rigidly connected relative to the frame, and a strain gauge connected to the upper shoulder of the two shoulders of the lever and the rack and connected to the measuring complex in the form of an oscilloscope [2].

The device proposed for the implementation of the proposed method includes, like the known device, a frame, a cultivator mounted on the lower shoulder of the two shoulders of the lever pivotally connected relative to the frame, a rack rigidly connected relative to the frame, and a strain gauge connected to the upper shoulder of the two shoulders of the lever and the rack and connected to the measuring complex. The proposed device is characterized in that it is equipped with a cultivating paw mounted on a frame behind the cultivator, a fertilizer hopper and a piping led under the cultivating paw and communicated with the hopper through the dispenser. The dispenser is made in the form of a flap with an electromechanical drive, and the measuring complex is an ADC / DAC (analog-to-digital / digital-to-analog converter) connected to the laptop, which is connected to the electromechanical drive of the dispenser flap. At the same time, a slider is installed on the frame with the possibility of longitudinal (relative to the device’s travel) movement and fixing, on which the aforementioned articulated and rigid connections of the two shoulders of the lever and the strut relative to the frame are made, respectively.

The drawing schematically shows a device for implementing the method of applying fertilizer to the soil during cultivation.

The cultivator of the proposed device is made in the form of a disk 1 mounted on a bearing on an axis 2, mounted on the lower shoulder 3 of the two shoulders of the lever, which is mounted on an axis 4, mounted on a slider 5. The slider 5 is mounted on the frame 6 with the possibility of longitudinal movement along it and fixing with nuts 7. The strain gauge link 8 of the proposed device is connected with the upper shoulder 9 of the two shoulders lever and the strut 10 fixed on the slider 5 by means of the arms 11 freely passed through the holes in the strut and the upper arm. The fertilizer hopper 12 is mounted on the frame 6, on which the dispenser 13 is mounted. Through the dispenser 13, brought under the cultivator leg 14, the piping 15 is connected to the hopper 12. The dispenser 13 includes a shutter with an electromechanical drive (not shown). The laptop 16 and the ADC / DAC 17 connected to it are installed in the tractor cab, aggregated with the cultivator. Strain gauge link 8 is connected by cable 18 to the measuring complex, namely to the ADC / DAC, which cable 19 is connected to the electromechanical drive of the metering valve 13 (the cables have detachable couplings).

The method is as follows. Before operating the cultivator, a type of fertilizer with a different percentage of NPK is selected to increase the yield of a particular crop, for which the soil will be cultivated in accordance with agricultural requirements. After choosing the fertilizer, a program is created to calculate the magnitude of the opening of the electromechanical damper based on the designer included in the software package for a specific brand of ADC / DAC. The basic package includes programs for continuous registration of a signal from various types of sensors. These two programs are linked into a single system. Then carry out the calibration of the strain gauge 8 and the electromechanical damper in accordance with agricultural requirements. In this case, the position of the slider 5 on the frame 6 is adjusted in the position fixed by the nuts 7, in which the distance L (see drawing) from the disk 1 to the outlet end of the pipeline 15 should correspond to the dependence

where L is the distance from the disk 1 to the outlet end of the piping 15;

T is the length of the piping 15 from the outlet end to the metering valve 13;

V _K - the speed of the cultivator when fertilizing;

V _G - fertilizer flow rate in the fertilizer pipe 15.

When the cultivator moves, the force from the disk 1 is transmitted through the two-arm lever to the strain gauge link 8. The strain gauge link 8 converts the soil resistance force into an analog electrical signal, which is sent via cable 18 to the ADC / DAC 17, where the signal is filtered from external noise and converted to digital. Digital data on cable 20 goes to laptop 16, where it is recorded, then processed programmatically. The processed data is transmitted back via cable 20 to the ADC / DAC, in which the necessary (calculated) analog signal is generated for controlling the dispenser 13. The analog signal via cable 19 is transmitted to the metering valve shutter 13. Depending on the analog signal supplied, the electromechanical drive provides rotation (shift ) flaps by a value corresponding to the necessary adjustment of the dose of soil fertilizer calculated by the measuring complex.

Bibliographic data

1. RF patent No. 2285379, АСС 7/20, 2006 (prototype method).

2. RF patent No. 2143112, G01N 33/24, АВВ 79/00, 1999 (prototype device).

3. V.D. Mukha, N.I. Kartamyshev, I.S. Kochetov, D.V. Mukha. Agricultural soil science. - M .: Kolos, 1994 .-- 528 s.

Claims (2)

1. A method of applying fertilizer to the soil during cultivation, comprising a metered supply of fertilizer under the cultivator paw, characterized in that the soil hardness is constantly measured in front of the cultivator paw at its subsurface level and, depending on the change in soil hardness, the dose of fertilizer supplied under the cultivator paw is changed. 2. A device for applying fertilizer to the soil during cultivation, comprising a frame, a cultivator mounted on the lower shoulder of the two-shouldered lever pivotally mounted relative to the frame, a rack rigidly mounted relative to the frame, and a strain gauge connected to the upper shoulder of the two-shouldered lever and the column and connected to measuring complex, characterized in that the device is equipped with a cultivating paw mounted on a frame behind the cultivator, a fertilizer hopper and a piping led under the cultivating paws and communicated with the hopper through the dispenser, which includes an actuator in the form of a flap with an electromechanical drive, the measuring complex being an analog-digital / digital-to-analog converter connected to a laptop - an ADC / DAC, which is connected to the electromechanical drive of the dispenser flap, while the frame is mounted a slider with the possibility of longitudinal relative to the stroke of the moving and fixing device, on which the aforementioned articulated and rigid connections of the two shoulders of the lever and the stand are made frame.

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