RU2376564C1 - Vibration control device (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics; control.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices for controlling vibration and protecting rotor assemblies such as turbines. The vibration control device has a data collecting and processing unit 1, sensors 2-6, fitted on bearing assemblies 7, as well as phase mark sensors 8 and axial shift sensors 9-11, temperature sensors 12, first 13 and second 14 analogue-to-digital converters, asynchronous interface 15, data bus 16, input interface 17, computer 18, the output 19 of which is the output of the protective shutoff signal of the assembly, matching elements 20-32, signal conditioner 33, signal processor 34, microcontroller 35, auxiliary asynchronous serial bus 36, auxiliary input interface 37, protection logic module 38, the output of which is the auxiliary output 39 of the alarm signal. Power buses 40 and 41 are connected to inputs of the secondary power module 42, outputs of which are connected to power inputs of the matching elements 20-32, and auxiliary outputs 43 are power buses of the data collecting and processing unit. Other versions of the device are also proposed.

EFFECT: more reliable operation.

25 cl, 33 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to devices for vibration control and protection of rotor assemblies, such as, for example, turbines.

A device for monitoring and protection against damage, containing data acquisition and processing units connected in series, the output of the last unit in each group of data collection and processing units is connected to the input of the computer, the output of which is the control output controlled by the equipment [US patent application publication US 2004 / 0054921 A1, 03/18/2004].

The disadvantage of this system is the relatively low reliability and reliability of operation.

A device for vibration control containing a vibration sensor, the output of which is connected to the input of the data acquisition and processing unit, which contains a single-channel analog-to-digital converter, the output of which is connected to the input of the signal processing processor, the output of which is connected to the digital input of the microcontroller, the digital serial interface of which connected to the serial asynchronous bus, and the alarm output of the microcontroller is the alarm output of the monitored facility and collecting and processing data, asynchronous serial bus is connected through an adapter to the input asynchronous bus USB computer. [Scientific - Production Enterprise "Measuring Technologies", "Product Catalog 2007", http://mtels.ru/catalogue.html, p.21, 2007].

The disadvantages of this solution include the relatively low reliability and reliability of the operation of this device. Indeed, on the one hand, the processing of the signal from the sensor is performed sequentially by an analog-to-digital converter, a signal processing processor, and a microcontroller. This leads to an increase in the number of equipment proportional to the number of nodes in the channel, and a large amount of equipment in itself leads to an increase in the probability of failure. On the other hand, the failure of one of the elements in this channel leads to a complete failure of the channel and this reduces the reliability of the detection of an emergency and, therefore, the reliability of the system. In this device, there is no implementation of the protection logic, which in such systems is performed by an external protection logic module, which is implemented on the basis of the microcontroller, which in case of any failure (communication line interruption, hardware failure in the protection logic module or software failure in its microcontroller) will lead to a failure of the whole rotor unit protection systems.

A vibration control device is known that contains a vibration sensor, the output of which is connected to the input of a data acquisition and processing unit containing an element for comparing the measured value with a given threshold [Russian Federation Patent No. 2282169, G01M 7/00, prior. 05/13/2005].

The disadvantage of this device is the relatively low reliability of determining the unacceptable vibrational state of a controlled object, since the decision is made on the basis of information received from only one sensor.

A known system of vibration diagnostics and emergency warning at an operating facility, containing vibration sensors, the outputs of which are connected through matching elements to a comparison element, the output of which is connected to the input of the threshold element Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2288470, G01N 29/04, prior. 04/04/2005].

The disadvantages of this system are the relatively low reliability, since damage to an individual element of the device violates its performance as a whole.

To increase the reliability of the protection when exceeding the threshold of a dangerous level of vibration, it is recommended to ensure its operation when the value "for horizontal and vertical vibration for two adjacent supports or in combination thereof is exceeded. The neighboring ones are understood as bearings of one rotor or adjacent bearings of different rotors ”of a rotor assembly [section 3.3.5 RD 153-34.1-35.116-2001, p. 18. RAO BES, ORGRES, 2001].

A device for vibration control is known that contains sensors, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the data acquisition and processing unit, which are connected to the inputs of matching elements, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of a multi-channel analog-to-digital converter, the output of which is connected to the input of the signal processing processor, the output of which is connected with the input of the microcontroller, the output of which through an interface element is connected to a data bus that is connected to the input of the computer [US Patent No. 7142990 B2, MKI G06F 11/00, N. cl. 702/35, 2006].

The disadvantage of this device is its relatively low reliability and reliability of operation.

A device for vibration control is known that contains data acquisition and processing units, the inputs of each of which are connected through a matching element to the output of the corresponding sensor, data acquisition and processing units contain signal conditioners, two analog-to-digital converters, the inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the signal conditioners, output the first analog-to-digital converter is connected to the digital input of the second analog-to-digital converter, the output of which is connected to the input of the signal processor d digital serial interface which is the output of the data acquisition and processing unit, data collection and processing blocks are connected in series and an output connected to the input of the last network computer controller [Multi-drop, simultaneous sampling sensor network system for aerospace testing and monitoring applications. A.Karolys, F.GenKuong, Sensors applications symposium, 2007, NEXT Volume, Issue, 6-8 Feb 2007, p.1-6]. The disadvantages of this device are the relatively low reliability and reliability of operation. Indeed, the failure of one of the data acquisition and processing units leads to the inoperability of the entire system as a whole, both because of a rupture of the data bus to the computer, and because of the loss of information from sensors connected to this measuring unit, and, consequently, to signal skipping about exceeding the dangerous level of vibration that can be detected by these sensors.

A device for vibration control is known that contains data acquisition and processing units, the analog inputs of each of which are connected to the outputs of the respective sensors, which are combined into a group corresponding to the unit of the unit being monitored, the network output of each of the data acquisition and processing units is connected to a network bus that is connected to the computer, and the alarm outputs of the data acquisition and processing units are connected to the protection signal bus of the monitored unit [US Patent No. 6012484 B2, priority dated June 28, 2005, N. class. 702/188, MKI G01F 1/56. Modular monitoring and protection system topology].

Closest to the proposed and selected as a prototype is a device for vibration control, containing sensors, as well as a data acquisition and processing unit, which contains a first high-resolution analog-to-digital converter, the output of which is connected to the data input of the signal processing processor, the output of which is connected through a digital interface with the inputs of the microcontroller, the data input of which is connected to the output of the second analog-to-digital converter, and the output of the microcontroller is connected via erfeysny element with an asynchronous serial bus, which is connected to an input of the computer's serial interface, the output of which is the output of the alarm, and the inputs of the first analog-digital converter matching elements are connected via a sensor output [ICHM 20/20 Serial communication data acquisition and processing system. Getting started guide ', 2004, Oceana Sensor Technologies Inc.].

The aim of the invention is to increase the reliability and reliability of the operation of the device for vibration control.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the vibration control device containing the sensors, as well as a data acquisition and processing unit, which contains the first analog-to-digital converter, the output of which is connected to the data input of the signal processor, the output of which is connected via a digital interface to the inputs of the microcontroller the data input of which is connected to the output of the second analog-to-digital converter, and the output of the microcontroller is connected through an interface element with an asynchronous serial bus, which is connected to the input of the serial interface of the computer, the output of which is the alarm output, and the sensor outputs are connected to the inputs of the data acquisition and processing unit, according to the invention, the inputs of the data collection and processing unit are connected through matching elements to the inputs of the signal shaper, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the first and the second analog-to-digital converters, the synchronization inputs of the signal processor and the microcontroller are connected to the output of the phase mark sensor, the processor output signal processing is connected through an additional interface element with an additional asynchronous serial bus, which is connected to an additional input of the computer's serial interface, the logical outputs of the signal processor and microcontroller are connected to the inputs of the protection logic module, the output of which is an additional alarm output, and the power bus is connected to the inputs secondary power module, the outputs of which are connected to the power inputs of the matching elements, the device also temperature sensors are presented, the outputs of which are connected to additional inputs of the data acquisition and processing unit, which are connected through additional matching elements to additional inputs of the signal conditioner.

In the proposed device, on the one hand, the number of measuring units is minimized, the number of which does not exceed the number of bearing units of the rotor unit, which can significantly reduce the number of signal processing processors and microcontrollers required for the implementation of the measuring units. Moreover, due to the fact that each data acquisition and processing unit simultaneously processes signals from sensors installed both on this bearing unit and from sensors installed on an adjacent bearing unit, at the same time a signal processing processor and microcontroller, such processing is backed up and even complete failure of the signal processor or microcontroller, as well as one of the analog-to-digital converters of this data acquisition and processing unit, which will not lead to loss of information, tnosyascheysya data bearing units. Since estimates of exceeding the level of emergency vibration settings for a given and neighboring bearing units are generated in each data acquisition and processing unit, the recommended protection algorithms can be implemented in the data acquisition and processing unit, and the execution of these algorithms is duplicated in the unit itself, which increases reliability and the issuance of a common emergency stop signal in the form of a mounting OR function for such data acquisition and processing units allows you to get a fault-tolerant highly reliable protection signal from accident. An additional increase in the reliability of the system is ensured by the use of duplicate generation of an alarm signal at the output of the computer, the data to which are supplied via independent data transmission channels via asynchronous serial interfaces, for example, a network data transmission channel.

Another difference of the device for vibration control is that the temperature sensors are structurally combined with vibration sensors of the bearing assemblies of the monitored unit.

Another difference of the device for vibration control is that the second analog-to-digital converter is integrated with the microcontroller.

Another difference of the device for vibration control is that in the signal shaper each input is connected to the input of the integrating element and to the input of the first low-pass filter, the outputs of which are connected to the first outputs of the signal shaper, the second outputs of which are connected to the outputs of the second low-pass filters, inputs which are connected to the outputs of the corresponding integrating elements.

Another difference of the device for vibration control is that in the signal shaper each input is connected to the input of the integrating element, the output of which is connected to the input of the first low-pass filter, the outputs of which are connected to the first outputs of the signal shaper, the second outputs of which are connected to the outputs of the second lower filters frequencies whose inputs are connected to the outputs of the corresponding integrating elements.

Another difference of the device for vibration control is that in the signal shaper each input is connected to the input of the corresponding first low-pass filter, the outputs of which are connected to the first outputs of the signal shaper, the second outputs of which are connected to the outputs of the second low-pass filters, the inputs of which are connected to the corresponding Signal conditioner inputs.

Another difference of the device for vibration control is that in the signal shaper each input is connected to the input of the corresponding first low-pass filter, the outputs of which are connected to the first outputs of the signal shaper, the second outputs of which are connected to the outputs of the second low-pass filters, the inputs of which are connected to the inputs shaper signals corresponding to the sensors that are used for protection.

Another difference of the device for vibration control is that in the signal conditioner each input is connected to the input of the corresponding switching unit, which is connected to the first contacts of the first and second switching elements, the switching contacts of which are connected to the inputs of the corresponding first and second low-pass filters, the outputs of which connected respectively to the first and second outputs of the signal conditioner, and the second inputs of the switching elements of each switching node are connected to the auxiliary real inputs of the signal shaper.

Another difference of the device for vibration control is that in the signal conditioner the inputs are connected to the inputs of the matrix analog switch, the first and second outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the first and second low-pass filters, the outputs of which are connected respectively to the first and second outputs of the signal conditioner, the additional inputs of which are connected to the auxiliary inputs of the matrix analog switch, the control inputs of which are connected to the control code bus.

Another difference of the device for vibration control is that the protection logic module contains the AND gate, the inputs of which are the inputs of the protection logic module, and the output is its output.

Another difference of the device for vibration control is that the protection logic module contains an OR logic element whose inputs are inputs of the protection logic module and the output is its output.

Another difference of the device for vibration control is that the protection logic module contains an OR logic element and a majority logic element, the inputs of the OR logic element are the inputs of the protection logic module, and the output is its output, additional inputs of the protection logic module are connected to the inputs of the majority logic element whose output is connected to the auxiliary input of the OR gate.

Another difference of the device for vibration control is that the protection logic module contains AND, OR, and a majority logic element; the inputs of the AND gate are inputs of the protection logic module, and the output is connected to the first input of the OR gate, the output of which is the output of the protection logic module, the additional inputs of the protection logic module are connected to the inputs of the majority logic gate, the output of which is connected to the second input of the OR gate.

Another difference of the device for vibration control is that the secondary power module contains a voltage converter, the input of which is connected to the inputs of the current-limiting elements, the outputs of which are the outputs of the secondary power module, whose inputs are connected through the decoupling diodes and the current-limiting element to the input of the voltage converter.

As current-limiting elements, voltage stabilizers with short-circuit protection, self-healing fuses or current-limiting diodes are used.

Another difference of the device for vibration control is that the low-pass filter contains an operational amplifier, the output of which is the output of the low-pass filter, the input of which is connected through the first resistor to the first output of the first capacitor, the second output of which is connected to a common bus, which is connected to a direct bus the input of the operational amplifier, the inverse input of which is connected through the second resistor to the first output of the first capacitor, the inverse input of the operational amplifier is connected through the second capacitor output of the operational amplifier, which is connected via a third resistor to a first terminal of the first capacitor.

Another difference of the device for vibration control is that the low-pass filter contains an operational amplifier, the output of which is the output of the low-pass filter, the input of which is connected through the first resistor to the first output of the first capacitor, the second output of which is connected to a common bus, which is connected to a direct bus the input of the operational amplifier, the inverse input of which is connected through the second resistor to the first output of the first capacitor, the inverse input of the operational amplifier is connected through the second capacitor the output of the operational amplifier, which is connected through the third resistor to the first terminal of the first capacitor, which is connected through the first switching element to the first terminal of the third capacitor, the second terminal of which is connected to the common bus, and the output of the operational amplifier is connected through the second switching element to the first terminal of the fourth capacitor, the second output of which is connected to the inverting input of the operational amplifier.

Another difference of the device for vibration control is that the integrating element contains an operational amplifier, the output of which is the output of the integrating element, the input of which is connected through the first resistor to the first output of the first capacitor, the second output of which is connected to a common bus, which is connected to the direct input of the operating an amplifier whose inverse input is connected through the second resistor to the first output of the first capacitor, the inverse input of the operational amplifier is connected through the second condenser a torus with an output of an operational amplifier, which is connected through a third resistor to the first output of the first capacitor.

Another difference of the device for vibration control is that the integrating element contains an operational amplifier, the output of which is the output of the integrating element, the input of which is connected through the first resistor to the first output of the first capacitor, the second output of which is connected to a common bus, which is connected to the direct input of the operating an amplifier whose inverse input is connected through the second resistor to the first output of the first capacitor, the inverse input of the operational amplifier is connected through the second condenser a torus with an output of the operational amplifier, which is connected through the third resistor to the first terminal of the first capacitor, which is connected through the first switching element to the first terminal of the third capacitor, the second terminal of which is connected to the common bus; and the output of the operational amplifier is connected through the second switching element to the first output of the fourth capacitor, the second output of which is connected to the inverse input of the operational amplifier.

In the second embodiment, the device for vibration control contains sensors, as well as a data acquisition and processing unit, which contains a first analog-to-digital converter, the output of which is connected to the data input of the signal processor, the output of which is connected through a digital interface to the inputs of the microcontroller, the input input the data of which is connected to the output of the second analog-to-digital converter, and the output of the microcontroller is connected through an interface element with an asynchronous serial bus, which dinene with the input of the serial interface of the computer, the output of which is the alarm output, and the outputs of the sensors are connected to the inputs of the data acquisition and processing unit, the inputs of the data collection and processing unit are connected through matching elements to the inputs of the signal shaper, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the first and second analog -digital converters, synchronization inputs of the signal processor and microcontroller are connected to the outputs of the phase mark sensor, the output of the signal processor is connected Through an additional interface element with an additional asynchronous serial bus that is connected to the additional input of the computer’s serial interface, the logic outputs of the signal processor and microcontroller are connected to the inputs of the protection logic module, the output of which is an additional alarm output, and the power buses are connected to the inputs of the secondary power module the outputs of which are connected to the power inputs of the matching elements, digital temperature sensors are also introduced into the device units whose outputs are connected to additional inputs of the data acquisition and processing unit, which are connected via an additional matching element to the digital interface bus of the data collection and processing unit.

Another difference of the device for vibration control is that in the data acquisition and processing unit, the digital interface bus is connected to the digital interface bus of the microcontroller and the signal processing processor.

Another difference of the device for vibration control is that in the data acquisition and processing unit, the digital interface bus is connected to the digital interface bus of the microcontroller.

Another difference of the device for vibration control is that in the data acquisition and processing unit, the digital interface bus is connected to the digital interface bus of the signal processing processor.

Thus, obtaining data from digital temperature sensors can be performed by transmitting them via the digital interface bus to both the microcontroller and the signal processing processor, as well as to both of these elements.

In the third embodiment, the device for vibration control contains sensors, as well as a data acquisition and processing unit, which contains a first analog-to-digital converter, the output of which is connected to the data input of the signal processor, the output of which is connected via a digital interface to the inputs of the microcontroller, and the input of data input which is connected to the output of the second analog-to-digital converter, and the output of the microcontroller is connected via an interface element to an asynchronous serial bus that is connected to the input the house of the serial interface of the computer, the output of which is the alarm output, and the sensor outputs are connected to the inputs of the data acquisition and processing unit, according to the invention, the inputs of the data collection and processing unit are connected through matching elements to the inputs of the signal shaper, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the first and second analog -digital converters, synchronization inputs of the signal processor and microcontroller are connected to the output of the phase mark sensor, the output of the signal processor connected to the input of an additional interface element, the logical outputs of the signal processor and microcontroller are connected to the inputs of the protection logic module, the output of which is an additional alarm output, and the power buses are connected to the inputs of the secondary power module, the outputs of which are connected to the power inputs of the matching elements to the device temperature sensors are also introduced, the outputs of which are connected to additional inputs of the data acquisition and processing unit, which through additional matching ementy connected to respective inputs of the signal shaper.

Another difference of the third embodiment of the device for vibration control is that in the signal shaper each input is connected to the input of the corresponding first low-pass filter, the outputs of which are connected to the first outputs of the signal shaper, the second outputs of which are connected to the outputs of the second low-pass filters, the inputs of which connected to the inputs of the signal shaper corresponding to the sensors used for protection.

Another difference of the third embodiment of the device for vibration control is that in the signal conditioner the inputs are connected to the inputs of the matrix analog switch, the first and second outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the first and second low-pass filters, the outputs of which are connected respectively to the first and second outputs a signal shaper, the auxiliary inputs of which are connected to the auxiliary inputs of the matrix analog switch, the control inputs of which are connected to the buses th control code.

In the fourth embodiment, the device for vibration control contains sensors, as well as a data acquisition and processing unit, which contains a first analog-to-digital converter, the output of which is connected to the data input of the signal processor, the output of which is connected via a digital interface to the inputs of the microcontroller, the input input whose data is connected to the output of the second analog-to-digital converter, and the output of the microcontroller is connected to the input of the interface element, and also contains an asynchronous serial bus, which is connected to the input of the serial interface of the computer, the output of which is the alarm output, and the outputs of the sensors are connected to the inputs of the data acquisition and processing unit, according to the invention, the inputs of the data collection and processing unit are connected through matching elements to the inputs of the signal conditioner, the outputs of which are connected with the inputs of the first and second analog-to-digital converters, the synchronization inputs of the signal processor and microcontroller are connected to the output of the phase mark sensor, output the signal processor is connected via an additional interface element to the asynchronous serial bus, the logic outputs of the signal processor and microcontroller are connected to the inputs of the protection logic module, the output of which is an additional alarm output, and the power buses are connected to the inputs of the secondary power module, the outputs of which are connected to power inputs of matching elements; temperature sensors are also introduced into the device, the outputs of which are connected to additional inputs of the collection unit and data processing, which through additional matching elements are connected to the corresponding inputs of the signal shaper.

Another difference of the fourth embodiment of the device for vibration control is that in the signal shaper each input is connected to the input of the corresponding first low-pass filter, the outputs of which are connected to the first outputs of the signal shaper, the second outputs of which are connected to the outputs of the second low-pass filters, the inputs of which connected to the inputs of the signal shaper corresponding to the sensors used for protection.

Another difference of the fourth embodiment of the device for vibration control is that in the signal conditioner the inputs are connected to the inputs of the matrix analog switch, the first and second outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the first and second low-pass filters, the outputs of which are connected respectively to the first and second outputs a signal shaper, the auxiliary inputs of which are connected to the auxiliary inputs of the matrix analog switch, the control inputs of which are connected to hydrochloric control code.

Figure 1 shows a structural diagram of a first embodiment of a device for vibration control. Figure 2-4 shows a diagram of examples explaining the implementation of the device for vibration control according to the second embodiment. Figure 5-6 presents embodiments of the signal conditioner. Figures 7 and 8 show embodiments of a signal conditioner for use cases of temperature sensors with an analog output and, therefore, additional inputs of the conditioner, and for cases of use of temperature sensors with a digital output, respectively. Figures 9 and 10 show embodiments of a signal driver for cases of using temperature sensors with an analog output and, therefore, additional inputs of the driver, and for using temperature sensors with a digital output, respectively, where only signals from sensors involved are fed to the second outputs in defense. 11 shows a block diagram of a shaper using switching elements for the case of using temperature sensors with a digital output. 12 and 13 are structural diagrams of embodiments of switching elements. Figures 14 and 15 show embodiments of a signal conditioner with a matrix switcher for cases using temperature sensors with an analog output and, therefore, additional inputs of the driver, and for using temperature sensors with a digital output, respectively. Figures 16-24 show embodiments of a security logic module. 25 shows a block diagram of an embodiment of a secondary power unit. On Fig.26-28 shows the structural diagrams of possible embodiments of low-pass filters and integrating elements. On Fig and 30 shows the structural diagrams of the third and fourth embodiments of the device for vibration control. On Fig and 32 shows examples of structural diagrams of a signal processing processor and a microcontroller. On Fig shows the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the low-pass filters and integrating elements, explaining their operation.

A device for vibration control comprises a data acquisition and processing unit 1, sensors 2-6 mounted on the bearing assemblies 7, as well as phase markers 8 and rotor axial shift 9-11, as well as temperature sensors 12. The data acquisition and processing unit 1 contains first 13 and second 14 analog-to-digital converters. The output of the asynchronous data transfer interface 15 is connected to the data bus 16, which is connected to the computer 18 through the input interface 17, the output of which 19 is the output of the protective shutdown signal of the unit. The outputs of the sensors are connected to the inputs of the matching elements 20-32, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the signal shaper 33. The output of the first analog-to-digital converter 13 is connected to the data input of the signal processor 34, the output of which is connected via a digital interface to the inputs of the microcontroller 35, the input input the data of which is connected to the output of the second analog-to-digital converter 14, the synchronization inputs of the signal processing processor 34 and the microcontroller 35 are connected to the output of the phase marker 8, the output of the process the signal processing quarrel 34 is connected via an additional interface element 31 to an additional asynchronous serial bus 36, which is connected to the additional input 37 of the serial interface of the computer 18, the logical outputs of the signal processor 34 and the microcontroller 35 are connected to the inputs of the protection logic module 38, the output of which is an additional output 39 of the alarm signal, and the power buses 40 and 41 are connected to the inputs of the secondary power module 42, the outputs of which are connected to the power inputs of the matching elements s 20-32 and the additional power buses are outputs data collection and processing unit 1. The outputs of temperature sensors 12 are connected to additional inputs of data acquisition and processing unit through which additional matching elements 43 are connected with additional input of the signal 33.

Temperature sensors 12 can be structurally combined with vibration sensors of the bearing assemblies of the monitored unit [Model 793Т-3 General purpose accelerometer with internal temperature sensor. Wilcoxon Research Inc, December 2007 or Low cost, embeddable accelerometers, PCB piezotronics, 2002].

In the second embodiment of FIGS. 2-4, digital temperature sensors 12 are also introduced into the device, the outputs of which are connected to additional inputs of the data acquisition and processing unit 1, which are connected via an additional matching element 43 to the digital interface bus of the data acquisition and processing unit 1. B to the data collection and processing unit 1, the digital interface bus can be connected to the digital interface bus of the microcontroller 35 and the signal processing processor 34, as shown in FIG. 2, or only to the processor digital interface bus brabotki signal 34 as shown in Figure 3, or only a digital interface to the bus of the microcontroller 35, as shown in Figure 4.

The second analog-to-digital Converter 14 can be integrated with the microcontroller 35.

In signal shaper 33 for each channel, as shown in FIG. 5, each input is connected to the input of the integrating element 44 and to the input of the first low-pass filter 45, the outputs of which are connected to the first outputs of the signal shaper 33, the second outputs of which are connected to the outputs of the second filters low frequencies 46, the inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the respective integrating elements 44.

In signal shaper 33 for each channel, as shown in FIG. 6, each input is connected to an input of an integrating element 44, the output of which is connected to the input of the first low-pass filter 45, the outputs of which are connected to the first outputs of the signal shaper, the second outputs of which are connected to the outputs second low-pass filters 46, the inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the respective integrating elements 44.

In signal conditioner 33, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, each input is connected to an input of a corresponding first low-pass filter 45, the outputs of which are connected to the first outputs of signal conditioner 33, the second outputs of which are connected to the outputs of second low-pass filters 46, whose inputs connected to the respective inputs of the signal shaper 33.

In the signal former 33 shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, each input is connected to an input of a corresponding first low-pass filter 45, the outputs of which are connected to the first outputs of the signal former 33, the second outputs of which are connected to the outputs of the second low-pass filters 46, the inputs of which are connected with the inputs of the signal shaper 33 corresponding to the sensors that are used for protection, for example, vertical 2 and transverse 3 absolute vibration sensors that are mounted on bearings 7, as well as with axial displacement sensors 9-11.

In the signal driver 33 shown in FIG. 11, each input is connected to an input of a corresponding switching unit 47, the structural diagram of which is shown in FIG. 12, and the input of which is connected to the first contacts of the first 48 and second 49 switching elements, the switching contacts of which are connected to the inputs of the corresponding first 45 and second 46 low-pass filters, the outputs of which are connected respectively to the first and second outputs of the signal conditioning instrument 33, and the second inputs of the switching elements 48 and 49 of each switching node 47 with are integrated with auxiliary inputs 50 of the signal shaper 33.

The switching unit 47, as shown in Fig. 13, can also be made using instead of switching elements the first 51 and second 52 analog multiplexers, the first inputs of which are connected to the input of the switching node, the second inputs are connected to the auxiliary input, and the outputs, respectively, to the first and the second outputs of the switching node 47. At the control input of the analog multiplexers, a code is set that provides the required switching function.

In signal former 33, as shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, the inputs are connected to the inputs of the matrix analog switch 54, the first and second outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the first 45 and second 46 low-pass filters, the outputs of which are connected respectively to the first and second outputs signal shaper 33, the auxiliary inputs 50 of which are connected to the auxiliary inputs of the matrix analog switch 54, the control inputs of which are connected to the bus 55 of the control code.

The protection logic module 38, as shown in FIG. 16, contains AND gate 56, the inputs of which are the inputs of the protection logic module, and the output is its output.

As shown in FIG. 17, the AND gate 56 can be implemented as an “AND gate” element.

The protection logic module 38, as shown in FIG. 18, contains an OR 57 logic element whose inputs are inputs of the protection logic module 38, and the output is its output.

As shown in FIG. 19, the OR gate 57 can be implemented as a “wired OR” element.

The protection logic module 38, as shown in Fig. 20, contains the OR gate 58 and the majority logic element 59, the inputs of the OR gate 58 are the inputs of the protection logic 38, and the output is its output, the additional inputs of the protection logic 38 are connected to the inputs majority logical element 59, the output of which is connected to an additional input of the logical element OR 58.

As shown in FIG. 21, the OR gate 58 may be implemented as a “wired OR” element.

The protection logic module 38, as shown in FIG. 22, contains the OR gate 58, the majority gate 59 and the AND gate 60, the inputs of the AND gate 60 are the inputs of the logic module 38, and the output is connected to the first input of the OR gate 58 , the output of which is the output of the protection logic module 38, the additional inputs of the protection logic module 38 are connected to the inputs of the majority logic element 59, the output of which is connected to the second input of the OR gate 58.

As shown in FIG. 23, the OR gate 58 can be implemented as an “OR gate” element.

As shown in FIG. 24, a galvanic isolation element can be included in the output circuit of the protection logic module 38, for example, relay 61, the first winding of which is connected to the output of logic 57, and the second winding is connected to the power supply bus 62 of relay 61, whose contacts are the outputs of the protection logic module 38.

The secondary power supply module 42, as shown in FIG. 25, contains a voltage converter 63, the input of which is connected to the inputs of the current-limiting elements 64, the outputs of which are the outputs of the secondary power supply 42, the inputs of which are connected through the decoupling diodes 65 and the current-limiting element 66 to the input of the voltage converter 63.

As current limiting elements 64, voltage stabilizers with short circuit protection can be used.

Self-healing fuses may be used as current limiting elements 64 and 66.

As current limiting elements 64, current limiting diodes (current regulator diodes or current limited diodes) can be used.

The low-pass filter 45 or 46, as shown in Fig. 26, contains an operational amplifier 67, the output of which is the output of a low-pass filter, the input of which is connected through the first resistor 68 to the first output of the first capacitor 69, the second output of which is connected to a common bus 70, which is connected to the direct input of the operational amplifier 67, the inverse input of which is connected through the second resistor 71 to the first output of the first capacitor 69, the inverse input of the operational amplifier is connected through the second capacitor 72 with the output of the operational force ator 67, which, via a third resistor 73 is connected to a first terminal of the first capacitor 69.

The low-pass filter 45 or 46, as shown in Fig. 27, contains an operational amplifier 67, the output of which is the output of a low-pass filter, the input of which is connected through the first resistor 68 to the first output of the first capacitor 69, the second output of which is connected to a common bus 70, which is connected to the direct input of the operational amplifier 67, the inverse input of which is connected through the second resistor 71 to the first output of the first capacitor 69, the inverse input of the operational amplifier 67 is connected through the second capacitor 72 with the output of the operational amplifier an amplifier 67, which is connected through a third resistor 73 to a first terminal of a first capacitor 69, which is connected through a first switching element 74 to a first terminal of a third capacitor 75, a second terminal of which is connected to a common bus 70, and an output of an operational amplifier 67 is connected through a second switching element 76 with the first terminal of the fourth capacitor 77, the second terminal of which is connected to the inverting input of the operational amplifier 67.

The integrating elements 44 can be performed according to structural schemes similar to those of low-pass filters, for example, according to the circuit shown in Fig. 26. The difference lies in the choice of denominations of elements that provide the frequency of the onset of decline in the amplitude-frequency characteristics. For a low-pass filter, it should be higher than the upper cutoff frequency of the analyzed signals, but below half the quantization frequency of the analog-to-digital converters, and for an integrating element, the frequency of the onset of decay is lower than the lower cutoff frequency of the analyzed signal frequencies.

The integrating element 44, the circuit of which is shown in FIG. 26, contains an operational amplifier 67, the output of which is the output of the integrating element 44, the input of which is connected through the first resistor 68 to the first terminal of the first capacitor 69, the second terminal of which is connected to a common bus 70, which is connected with a direct input of the operational amplifier 67, the inverse input of which is connected through the second resistor 71 to the first output of the first capacitor 69, the inverse input of the operational amplifier 67 is connected through the second capacitor 72 with the output of the operational onnogo amplifier 67 which, via a third resistor 73 is connected to a first terminal of the first capacitor 69.

The integrating element 44, the circuit of which is shown in Fig. 27, contains an operational amplifier 67, the output of which is the output of the integrating element 44, the input of which is connected through the first resistor 68 to the first terminal of the first capacitor 69, the second terminal of which is connected to a common bus 70, which is connected with a direct input of the operational amplifier 67, the inverse input of which is connected through the second resistor 71 to the first output of the first capacitor 69, the inverse input of the operational amplifier 67 is connected through the second capacitor 72 with the output of the operational an amplifier 67, which is connected through a third resistor 73 to a first terminal of a first capacitor 69, which, through a first switching element 74, is connected to a first terminal of a third capacitor 75, a second terminal of which is connected to a common bus 70, and an output of an operational amplifier 67 is connected through a second switching element 76 with a first terminal of a fourth capacitor 77, the second terminal of which is connected to an inverse input of an operational amplifier 67.

For low-pass filters or integrating elements having differential outputs, you can use the circuit shown in Fig.26 and 27, provided that they are used to build operational amplifiers 67 with differential outputs. It is also possible to use the circuit shown in Fig. 28, in which the output of the operational amplifier 67 is connected to the input of the differential signal driver 78, the inverse and direct outputs of which through the first 79 and second 80 auxiliary resistors are connected to the outputs of the filter (integrating element), which are connected between through an auxiliary capacitor 81.

In the third embodiment, the diagram of which is shown in Fig. 29, the device for vibration control comprises a data acquisition and processing unit 1, as well as sensors 2-6 and 8-11, as well as temperature sensors 12. The data acquisition and processing unit 1 contains the first 13 an analog-to-digital converter, the output of which is connected to the data input of the signal processor 34, the output of which is connected via a digital interface to the inputs of the microcontroller 35, the data input of which is connected to the output of the second analog-to-digital converter 14, and the output of the microcontroller Allera 35 is connected via an interface element 15 to an asynchronous serial bus 16, which is connected to the input of the serial interface 17 of the computer 18, the output of which is the alarm output 19, and the outputs of the sensors 2-6 and 8-11 are connected to the inputs of the data acquisition and processing unit 1 The inputs of the data acquisition and processing unit 1 are connected through matching elements 21-32 to the inputs of the signal conditioning instrument 33, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the first 13 and second 14 analog-to-digital converters, and the inputs of the processor synchronization the signals 34 and the microcontroller 35 are connected to the output of the phase marker 8, the output of the signal processor 34 is connected to the input of an additional interface element 31, and the logic outputs of the signal processor 34 and the microcontroller 35 are connected to the inputs of the protection logic module 38, the output of which is an additional output 39 alarm signal, and the power bus 40 and 41 are connected to the inputs of the secondary power supply module 42, the outputs of which are connected to the power inputs of the matching elements 21-32, as well as 43. The outputs of the temperature sensors 12 connected to additional inputs of the data acquisition and processing unit, which through additional matching elements 43 are connected to additional inputs of the signal conditioning instrument 33.

Temperature sensors 12 can be structurally combined with vibration sensors of the bearing assemblies of the monitored unit.

In the fourth embodiment, the diagram of which is shown in Fig.24, the device for vibration control contains a data acquisition and processing unit 1, as well as sensors 2-6 and 8-11, as well as temperature sensors 12. The data acquisition and processing unit 1 contains the first 13 an analog-to-digital converter, the output of which is connected to the data input of the signal processor 34, the output of which is connected via a digital interface to the inputs of the microcontroller 35, the data input of which is connected to the output of the second analog-to-digital converter 14, the microcontroller output Allera 35 is connected to the input of the interface element 15, and the asynchronous serial bus 16 is connected to the input of the serial interface 17 of the computer 18, the output of which is the alarm output 19, and the outputs of the sensors 2-6 and 9-11 are connected to the inputs of the data acquisition and processing unit 1 The inputs of the data acquisition and processing unit 1 are connected through matching elements 21-32 to the inputs of the signal conditioning instrument 33, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the first 13 and second 14 analog-to-digital converters, and the synchronization inputs of the signal processing processor catch 34 and the microcontroller 35 are connected to the outputs of the phase marker 8, the output of the signal processor 34 is connected via an additional interface element 31 to the asynchronous serial bus 16, the logical outputs of the signal processor 34 and the microcontroller 35 are connected to the inputs of the protection logic 38, the output of which is an additional alarm output 39, and power buses 40 and 41 are connected to the inputs of the secondary power supply module 42, the outputs of which are connected to the power inputs of matching elements 21-32, as well as 43. Outputs The odes of temperature sensors 12 are connected to additional inputs of the data acquisition and processing unit, which, through additional matching elements 43, are connected to additional inputs of the signal conditioning instrument 33.

Temperature sensors 12 can be structurally combined with vibration sensors of the bearing assemblies of the monitored unit.

On Fig shows a simplified functional diagram of a possible embodiment of the signal processing processor 34. The signal processing processor includes a power driver 82, the output of which is connected to the power input of the processor element 83, which is connected to a permanent memory element 84 and random access memory 85, as well as internal a bus 86 to which a timer 87, a real-time clock 88, a logic signal interface 89, a synchronous serial interface 90 and an asynchronous serial interface 91 are connected, as well as elem supply 82.

On Fig shows a simplified functional diagram of a possible embodiment of the microcontroller 35. The microcontroller contains a power driver 92, the output of which is connected to the power input of the processor element 93, which is connected to a permanent memory element 94 and RAM 95, as well as to the internal bus 96, to which is connected to a timer 97, a real-time clock 98, a logic signal interface 99, a synchronous serial interface 100 and an asynchronous serial interface 101, as well as a power driver 92. The microcontroller may also include additional interface elements, for example, a two-wire interface 102 and analog inputs 103, which are connected to the internal bus 96. The interface element of the analog inputs 103 can implement one or multi-channel analog-to-digital converter and analog inputs of the signal comparator, which can be considered as single-bit analog digital converters.

A device for vibration control works as follows. A group of sensors is installed on the monitored unit on each bearing assembly 7. For example, on the bearing assembly 7 shown in FIG. 1, sensors of vertical vibration of the bearing 2, transverse vibration of the bearing 3, axial vibration of the bearing 4, vertical vibration of the shaft 5 and horizontal vibration of the shaft 6 are installed as sensors of vibration of the bearing, for example, accelerometers or bilosimeters, and eddy current proximeters as shaft vibration sensors. In addition to these sensors, other sensors can be installed on the unit, for example a phase mark sensor 8 and axial shift sensors 9-11. The set of sensors may vary depending on the amount of control.

When the rotor 12 moves, the sensors generate electrical signals that are supplied to the corresponding matching nodes 21-32, which convert the signals from the sensors into normalized signals proportional to the current value of the controlled mechanical value. For example, for piezoelectric accelerometers, the matching unit can be made in the form of a charge or voltage amplifier.

In some cases, matching nodes can be structurally combined with corresponding sensors (sensors with integrated electronics), which can reduce the requirements for signal transmission lines from sensors to the measuring unit, but can limit, for example, the temperature range in which the sensor operates. In the case of using sensors with integrated electronics, the matching nodes 20-32 perform the functions of interface circuits for matching the output interface of the sensor and the voltage inputs of the signal conditioning instrument 33, for example, they implement an interface for sensors with an IEP or TEDS interface.

Temperature sensors 12 generate signals characterizing the temperature at the place of installation. To protect the unit, it is necessary to control the temperature of the bearing units 7, since in the case of defects in the bearings, an increase in the temperature of these units is observed. Monitoring this temperature helps protect the unit from serious accidents involving bearing failure. Since currently a number of manufacturers produce vibration sensors with integrated temperature sensors, it is possible to control both vibration and temperature with such a combined sensor. In addition to the protection function of the unit, in this case, temperature control improves the accuracy of vibration measurement, since according to the known temperature dependence of the conversion coefficient of the vibration sensor, an appropriate correction can be made for a known temperature. In addition, since the temperature of the vibration sensor is known, it is possible to increase the reliability of the information received from it, not only due to temperature correction, but also due to the fact that if the sensor is heated and its temperature goes beyond acceptable limits, information from the vibration sensor can be excluded from the protection algorithm due to its unreliability.

The normalized output signals from the matching nodes 20-32 of the data acquisition and processing unit 1 are fed to the inputs of the first 13 and second 14 analog-to-digital converters via a signal shaper 33.

The signals from the outputs of the analog-to-digital converters 13 and 14 are fed to a signal processor 34 and a microcontroller 35.

When monitoring the vibrational state of the unit, two tasks are usually solved. The first task is to identify incipient defects at an early stage of their appearance. This task requires the processing of vibrational signals in a wide frequency range and in a large dynamic range. For this, it is necessary to use an analog-to-digital high-resolution converter and a signal processing processor, which in real time can implement the required diagnostic algorithms. The second task of vibration control is to implement the function of operational protection of the unit from increased vibration. This task, from the point of view of signal processing, requires significantly lower performance of the processor element and can be implemented on a microcontroller that works with a simpler program and, therefore, is more resistant to possible software failures. In the proposed device, the calculations associated with the diagnostics are implemented by the signal processing processor 34. At the same time, this processor generates estimates of the vibration parameters underlying the protection algorithm. For example, the value of the root-mean-square level of vibration velocity and the comparison with threshold values in the band of 10-1000 Hz are determined. For turbine units, for example, as a threshold level, in accordance with the requirements of the standards, the values of the WARNING level of 7.2 mm / s and the ALARM level of 11.2 mm / s can be selected. If, as the protection logic, it is accepted to achieve the vibration of the ACCIDENT level on one of the channels, the corresponding signal is generated on the logical output of the signal processing processor and transmitted to it through the interface element 31 and bus 36 to the computer 19. If a different protective shutdown signal generation algorithm is used, for example, achieving through one of the channels of the vibration level of the EMERGENCY level with confirmation of this level by reaching the level of WARNING on other channels of vibration measurement of this or adjacent bearings, Op conducts signal processing corresponding comparison and generates at its output a logic signal to the protective stop and transmits a corresponding message to the computer 18. Using the algorithms increases the reliability of a confirmation stop signal forming a protective and reduces the risk of false alarm protection. Similar protection algorithms are implemented in the microcontroller 35, which also generates a protective stop signal at its logic output and transmits information on the need for a protective shutdown to the computer 18 through the interface module 15. Since both the signal processing processor 34 and the microcontroller 35 receive signals from sensors mounted on "their bearing", and from sensors stopped on an adjacent bearing, the signal processor 34 and the microcontroller 35 implement simultaneously goritmy protection logic. The implementation of early diagnosis algorithms does not impose strict requirements for continuous health, since early diagnosis is not included in the automatic protection of the unit with its quick unplanned stop. Thus, even if a malfunction occurs in the signal processor 34, this can be detected by means of software self-diagnostics and eliminated by maintenance personnel. Due to the connection between the signal processing processor 34 and the microcontroller 35, there is the possibility of their mutual control and, if one of them ceases to function correctly without responding to test signals from the other, the corresponding message is transmitted to computer 18. In the proposed system, protection algorithms that should automatically stop the unit, are simultaneously implemented both in the signal processing processor 34 and in the microcontroller 35, thereby ensuring redundancy for the execution of this algorithm. In addition, since information about the signal levels is transmitted to the computer 18 via duplicated communication channels 16 and / or 36, the implementation of this algorithm is also provided in the computer, and a protective shutdown signal is generated at the output 19 of the computer 20. In parallel, the signals from the logical outputs of the signal processor 34 and the microcontroller 35 are fed to the inputs of the protection logic module 38, which compares these signals and generates a protective shutdown signal at the output 39, which duplicates the signal at the output 19 of the computer 18. Thus, a high reliability of determining the emergency situation with high fault tolerance of the system. For example, if an analog-to-digital converter 13 and / or signal processor 34 fails in the data acquisition and processing unit, information from the sensors of the corresponding bearing through another analog-to-digital converter 14 and microcontroller 35 in case of a dangerous situation can provide a protective stop signal. Similarly, the device can provide a protective shutdown signal in the event of a failure of the second analog-to-digital converter 14 and / or microcontroller 35, as well as in the event of a failure of the computer 18.

The presence of parallel transmission of messages from the data collection and processing unit to the computer about the emergency on buses 36 and 16 allows duplicating the formation of a protective shutdown signal, which increases the reliability of generating a protective shutdown signal. Similarly, the protective shutdown signal is duplicated at outputs 19 and 39. Moreover, even a complete failure of the exchange on one of the data transfer buses 17 or 36, as well as on one of the outputs 19 or 39, does not violate the performance associated with the protection of the unit. For even greater resistance to breaks in the data transfer buses 16 and 36, these buses can be made in the form of ring structures connected to the corresponding pairs of inputs of the computer 18.

The power of the data acquisition and processing units can be performed via an independent single 40 or redundant 40 and 41 power bus. This power is supplied to the secondary power node 42 of the data acquisition and processing unit 1, which forms the power for the elements and nodes of this block, as well as the power of the matching nodes 20-32 and 43.

The signal generator for each channel must contain a low-pass filter with a cutoff frequency f ₂ below half the frequency f _{in the} samples of analog-to-digital converters to eliminate the overlap effect:

Moreover, since the frequency range of the signals for diagnostic purposes can be wider, the sampling frequencies for the first and second analog-to-digital converters can be different. In this case, for each measuring channel, the signal is passed to the input of the corresponding analog-to-digital converter through filters corresponding to the sampling frequencies of these analog-to-digital converters.

Depending on the types of sensors used, the implementation of the signal conditioners may be different. To reduce the requirements for the computing performance of the microcontroller and to obtain a wider dynamic range, it is desirable to apply a vibration velocity signal to its input. If the corresponding sensor is a vibration velocity sensor, the signal can be transmitted to an analog-to-digital converter through a low-pass filter 45, which acts as an anti-aliasing filter. If the sensors generate signals proportional to the acceleration, preliminary integration of the signal with the integrating element 44 may be required. In this case, depending on the characteristics of the unit and the complexity of the processing algorithms, a signal can be transmitted to the signal processor from the acceleration sensor without integration (Fig. 5) or with preliminary analog integration (Fig.6). In the second case, a wider dynamic range can be provided, but the possibility of analyzing high-frequency components is reduced, which limits the possibility of using diagnostic algorithms associated with the analysis of vibration acceleration signals. If a vibration acceleration signal is input to the analog-to-digital converter 13, the signal can be integrated by the signal processor 34 using digital methods, which increases the bit requirements of the used analog-to-digital converter 13. For the analog-to-digital converter 14 and the microcontroller 35, the signal conditioner generates an input signal vibration speeds in a standard frequency band providing protection for the unit, for example 10-1000 Hz. This allows you to get estimates of the level of the root mean square value of the vibration velocity used to obtain an estimate of the permissible level of vibration:

where V _i - samples of the input signal of the vibration velocity from the sensor mounted on the bearing.

Logical signals obtained by comparing the level of the root mean square value of vibration velocity with the threshold values of WARNING V _P and ALARMS V _A :

If П _ij , where i = 1,2, determines the bearing number, and j = B or П determines the vertical or transverse direction of the controlled vibration, respectively, corresponds to the logical signals of exceeding the WARNING level, and А _ij, respectively, exceeding the ALARM level, the logical expression of the protective signal shutdown has the form:

In this expression, the signs dot (multiplication) and plus correspond to the logical operations AND and OR, respectively.

Expression (1.5) corresponds to the protection being triggered when an ALARM signal appears, confirmed by a WARNING signal. In the same way, an operation algorithm can be implemented when an alarm signal is reached in one of the channels with an ALARM signal confirmation on the bearing assembly, but in a different direction, or an alarm signal on an adjacent bearing:

Both the low-pass filter and the integrating element can be performed according to the schemes shown in Fig.26-28. Depending on the ratings of the components used, the amplitude-frequency characteristics may have the form shown in FIG. Changing, for example, the capacitance value allows you to implement a low-pass filter with a cutoff frequency f ₂ , an integrator for frequencies from f ₁ to f ₂ or a double integrator for frequencies above f ₁ . The capacity value can be chosen constant, as in FIG. 26, or changed by connecting additional capacities 75 and 77, as in FIG. 27, which allows you to tune in to the implementation of the desired function. When using accelerometers as sensors, the implementation of double integration allows you to switch to vibration displacements and implement protection upon reaching the maximum permissible level of vibration displacement, if this is accepted for this type of aggregates, for example, hydraulic units.

Shown in Fig.28 circuit with a differential output, it is advisable to use if the proposed device uses analog-to-digital converters in the differential inputs.

The use of unified circuit solutions for the implementation of low-pass filters and integrators allows you to implement the shaper in the form of a matrix structure, as shown in figure 4. For this embodiment, signals from all sensors are fed to both the first 13 and second 14 analog-to-digital converters. With a large number of channels, signals from only those sensors that are involved in protecting the unit, for example, from sensors of vertical and transverse vibration of bearings and from sensors of axial displacement, can be received by the second analog-to-digital converter, as shown in Fig. 5.

The signal generator 33 shown in Fig.6, allows you to switch the connection of the inputs to the inputs of the low-pass filters through the use of switching elements 47, implemented using mechanical switching elements, as shown in Fig.11 and 12, or analog multiplexers, as shown in Fig .13. This allows not only to configure the device for a given configuration of inputs, but also to use auxiliary inputs 50 for supplying test test signals, as well as for outputting signals from sensors to these inputs for connecting additional analyzing equipment. This result can be achieved through the use for interconnections of the inputs of the signal shaper 33 with the inputs of the low-pass filters 45, 46 of the matrix analog switch 54, as shown in Figs. 14 and 15. The configuration of the analog matrix switch can be fixed by applying to its inputs control 55 of a constant code or programmable from a control bus that is connected to control inputs 55.

The formation of the protective shutdown logic, for example, in accordance with expression (1.5) for bearing vibration or in the form of a majority function of excesses of the maximum permissible axial shift for axial shift sensors 9-11, is carried out in parallel with the signal processor 34 and the microcontroller 35. Generated at the same time at their outputs logical signals are fed to the inputs of the protection logic module 38. This module can implement a comparison of logical signals from its inputs according to the AND logic, as shown in Fig. 16 or 17. The implementation of the And logic reduces the probability of a false shutdown, since for the protection to operate, the signals from the outputs of the signal processing processor 35 and the microcontroller 29 must match.

In the case of the implementation of the OR logic, the appearance of only one logical signal either from the output of the signal processor or from the output of the microcontroller 35. This provides protection with increased reliability, for example, when in case of a dangerous situation destruction can result in serious material losses or pose a threat to personnel. The implementation of the protection logic module in the form of "mounting AND" or "mounting OR", as shown in Fig. 18 or 19, allows to obtain high reliability of the protection logic module.

For the case of protection by exceeding the maximum permissible level of axial shift in the protection logic module, a majority comparison of signals received from three sensors 9-11 can be implemented using the protection logic module circuits shown in Figs. 20-23.

A mechanical or optocoupler relay may be included in the output circuit of the protection logic module. On Fig shows the connection to the output of the element 57 "mounting OR" of the coil of the relay 61, which is triggered when a logical unit signal appears at the input of the module, which, passing through the winding to the common bus 62, causes the relay to operate. With this embodiment of the output circuit, galvanic isolation of the circuit for switching on the protective shutdown of the unit is ensured and direct parallelization with a similar output 19 is possible if a similar technical solution is used there.

In order that the occurrence of a short circuit does not cause disturbances in other units due to overload of the power lines, elements 63, 64 and 66, limiting the current, are provided in the secondary power unit 42. As such elements, electronic components of various kinds can be used. For example, to power the internal circuits of block 1, it is advisable to use linear or switching voltage regulators with protection against output short circuit as an element 63. To limit the total current consumption from the main 40 and the backup 41 power bus, a self-resettable fuse 66 can be used. Elements 65 provide for the mutual isolation of the main 40 and the backup 41 power bus. The power supply of the matching nodes, and through them the sensors, if the latter require the use of external power, is carried out via independent buses through current-limiting elements 64, which can be used as electronic or thermosensitive self-healing fuses, as well as other limiting elements, for example, current-limiting diodes (current regulator diodes).

The high reliability of the axial shift protection is ensured by using three independent sensors 9-11 with the corresponding matching elements 30-32, followed by processing with duplicate filters 45 and 46, analog-to-digital converters 13 and 14, and accordingly, the signal processor 34 and the microcontroller 35. Power matching elements 30-32 and corresponding sensors 9-11 is performed by independent power buses from the outputs through the elements 64 of the secondary power supply module 42, which is powered by redundant buses Italy 40 and 41.

The synchronization of the operation of the data acquisition and processing units is carried out according to the signals from the phase-mark sensor 8. As such a sensor, markers of the initial position of the shaft or phase mark of the key-proxy type capacitive, eddy current or induction type or from the Hall sensor can be used.

The implementation of the device according to the second or third embodiment differs in the organization of the asynchronous data transfer bus to the computer 19. If in the first embodiment the data are transmitted in parallel via buses 16 and 36, in the second and third embodiments it is possible to transmit data and only on one of these buses - bus 16, as shown in Fig. 29 from the output of the microcontroller 35 through the interface element 15 or from the output of the signal processing processor 34, through the interface element 31, as shown in Fig. 30. As a data transfer protocol, any one providing a sufficient data transfer rate and excluding their loss of RS-485, CAN, Ethernet, etc., can be used. When using CAN or Ethernet protocols, it is possible to organize ring structures that are resistant to breaks in data lines.

A comparison of simplified structural diagrams of the signal processing processor shown in Fig. 31 and the microcontroller shown in Fig. 32 allows us to conclude that these elements are similar in structure and differ in peripheral interfaces and internal features of the processor elements 83 and 93. With the possibility of obtaining the required performance of the processor elements 83 and 93 and a set of interfaces, they can be mutually replaced, since they have a constant 84 and 94 operational 85 and 95 memory, serial interfaces exchanges 91 and 101, logic input / output interfaces 89 and 99.

Thus, it is possible to use a processing processor similar to the signal processor 34 as a microcontroller 35 in the measurement units. Similarly, instead of a signal processor, it is possible to use a microcontroller with a powerful central processor element, for example, a hardware multiplier and a battery, for quickly performing signal processing operations.

The presence of temperature sensors allows not only to adjust the temperature dependence of the sensitivity of the vibration sensors, but also to reduce the likelihood of obtaining false vibration data when the temperature goes beyond the permissible limits at the sensor installation sites, which increases the reliability of the device.

The use in the proposed device of a multichannel measuring unit with redundant processing of data from groups of sensors mounted on adjacent bearings, and comparing logic signals indicating the need for protective shutdown of the unit when exceeding permissible vibration levels or their combination in accordance with a given algorithm, which is ensured by the presence of duplication of processing in the measuring unit both at the level of analog signals, and at the level of logical signals, as well as duplication data transmission channels to the computer system and the parallel generation of signals of the protective shutdown of the unit both at the level of the data collection and processing unit and at the computer level can significantly increase the reliability and reliability of the formation of such signals.

Claims (25)

1. A device for vibration control, containing sensors, as well as a data acquisition and processing unit, which contains a first analog-to-digital converter, the output of which is connected to the data input of the signal processor, the output of which is connected via a digital interface to the inputs of the microcontroller, data input input which is connected to the output of the second analog-to-digital converter, and the output of the microcontroller is connected via an interface element to an asynchronous serial bus, which is connected to the input of the serial the computer interface, the output of which is the alarm output, and the sensor outputs are connected to the inputs of the data acquisition and processing unit, characterized in that, in order to increase the reliability and reliability of operation, the inputs of the data collection and processing unit are connected through matching elements to the inputs of the signal conditioner the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the first and second analog-to-digital converters, the synchronization inputs of the signal processor and the microcontroller are connected to the outputs of the ph new mark, the output of the signal processing processor is connected through an additional interface element to an additional asynchronous serial bus that is connected to the additional input of the computer's serial interface, the logical outputs of the signal processing processor and microcontroller are connected to the inputs of the protection logic module, the output of which is an additional alarm output, and power buses are connected to the inputs of the secondary power module, the outputs of which are connected to the power inputs of matching electric ments, the apparatus also the temperature sensors are entered, the outputs of which are connected to additional inputs of data acquisition and processing unit through which additional matching elements are connected to corresponding inputs of the signal shaper. 2. The device for vibration control according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature sensors are structurally combined with vibration sensors of the bearing assemblies of the monitored unit. 3. The device for vibration control according to claim 1, characterized in that the second analog-to-digital converter is integrated with the microcontroller. 4. The device for vibration control according to claim 1, characterized in that each input in the signal shaper is connected to the input of the integrating element and to the input of the first low-pass filter, the outputs of which are connected to the first outputs of the signal shaper, the second outputs of which are connected to the outputs of the second filters low frequencies, the inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the corresponding integrating elements. 5. The device for vibration control according to claim 4, characterized in that the integrating element contains an operational amplifier, the output of which is the output of the integrating element, the input of which is connected through the first resistor to the first output of the first capacitor, the second output of which is connected to a common bus, which is connected with a direct input of the operational amplifier, the inverse input of which is connected through the second resistor to the first input of the first capacitor, the inverse input of the operational amplifier is connected through the second capacitor with the output of the operational amplifier, which is connected through the third resistor to the first output of the first capacitor. 6. The device for vibration control according to claim 4, characterized in that the integrating element contains an operational amplifier, the output of which is the output of the integrating element, the input of which is connected through the first resistor to the first output of the first capacitor, the second output of which is connected to a common bus, which is connected with a direct input of the operational amplifier, the inverse input of which is connected through the second resistor to the first input of the first capacitor, the inverse input of the operational amplifier is connected through the second capacitor with the output of the operational amplifier, which is connected through the third resistor to the first terminal of the first capacitor, which is connected through the first switching element to the first terminal of the third capacitor, the second terminal of which is connected to the common bus, and the output of the operational amplifier is connected through the second switching element to the first terminal of the fourth capacitor, the second output of which is connected to the inverse input of the operational amplifier. 7. The device for vibration control according to claim 4, characterized in that the low-pass filter contains an operational amplifier, the output of which is the output of a low-pass filter, the input of which is connected through the first resistor to the first output of the first capacitor, the second output of which is connected to a common bus, which is connected to the direct input of the operational amplifier, the inverse input of which is connected through the second resistor to the first input of the first capacitor, the inverse input of the operational amplifier is connected through the second capacitor to the output the house of the operational amplifier, which is connected through the third resistor to the first terminal of the first capacitor, which is connected through the first switching element to the first terminal of the third capacitor, the second terminal of which is connected to the common bus, and the output of the operational amplifier is connected through the second switching element to the first terminal of the fourth capacitor, the second output of which is connected to the inverting input of the operational amplifier. 8. The device for vibration control according to claim 1, characterized in that each input in the signal shaper is connected to the input of the integrating element, the output of which is connected to the input of the first low-pass filter, the outputs of which are connected to the first outputs of the signal shaper, the second outputs of which are connected to the outputs of the second low-pass filters, the inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the corresponding integrating elements. 9. The device for vibration control according to claim 1, characterized in that each input in the signal shaper is connected to the input of the corresponding first low-pass filter, the outputs of which are connected to the first outputs of the signal shaper, the second outputs of which are connected to the outputs of the second low-pass filters, inputs which are connected to the respective inputs of the signal conditioner. 10. The device for vibration control according to claim 1, characterized in that each input in the signal shaper is connected to the input of the corresponding first low-pass filter, the outputs of which are connected to the first outputs of the signal shaper, the second outputs of which are connected to the outputs of the second low-pass filters, inputs which are connected to the inputs of the signal shaper corresponding to the sensors used for protection. 11. The device for vibration control according to claim 1, characterized in that each input in the signal conditioner is connected to the input of the corresponding switching unit, which is connected to the first contacts of the first and second switching elements, the switching contacts of which are connected to the inputs of the corresponding first and second lower filters frequencies whose outputs are connected respectively to the first and second outputs of the signal conditioner, and the second inputs of the switching elements of each switching node are connected to the auxiliary the input inputs of the signal conditioner. 12. The device for vibration control according to claim 1, characterized in that the signal conditioner inputs are connected to the inputs of the matrix analog switch, the first and second outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the first and second low-pass filters, the outputs of which are connected respectively to the first and second the outputs of the signal shaper, the auxiliary inputs of which are connected to the auxiliary inputs of the matrix analog switch, the control inputs of which are connected to the control code bus. 13. The device for vibration control according to claim 1, characterized in that the protection logic module contains a logical element AND, the inputs of which are inputs of the protection logic module, and the output is its output. 14. The device for vibration control according to claim 1, characterized in that the protection logic module contains an OR gate, the inputs of which are inputs of the protection logic module, and the output is its output. 15. The device for vibration control according to claim 1, characterized in that the protection logic module contains an OR logic element and a majority logic element, the inputs of the OR logic element are the inputs of the protection logic module, and the output is its output, additional inputs of the protection logic module are connected to inputs of the majority logical element, the output of which is connected to the additional input of the OR logical element. 16. The device for vibration control according to claim 1, characterized in that the protection logic module contains AND, OR, and the majority logic element, inputs of the AND logic element are inputs of the protection logic module, and the output is connected to the first input of the OR logic element, the output which is the output of the protection logic module, the additional inputs of the protection logic module are connected to the inputs of the majority logic element, the output of which is connected to the second input of the OR logic element. 17. The device for vibration control according to claim 1, characterized in that the secondary power supply module comprises a voltage converter, the input of which is connected to the inputs of current-limiting elements, the outputs of which are outputs of the secondary power supply module, whose inputs are connected through decoupling diodes and a current-limiting element to the input of the converter stresses. 18. A device for vibration control, containing sensors, as well as a data acquisition and processing unit, which contains a first analog-to-digital converter, the output of which is connected to the data input of the signal processor, the output of which is connected through a digital interface to the inputs of the microcontroller, data input which is connected to the output of the second analog-to-digital converter, and the output of the microcontroller is connected via an interface element to an asynchronous serial bus, which is connected to the input of the serial the computer interface, the output of which is the alarm output, and the sensor outputs are connected to the inputs of the data acquisition and processing unit, characterized in that, in order to increase the reliability and reliability of operation, the inputs of the data collection and processing unit are connected through matching elements to the inputs of the signal conditioner the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the first and second analog-to-digital converters, the synchronization inputs of the signal processor and the microcontroller are connected to the outputs of the ph At the same time, the output of the signal processing processor is connected through an additional interface element with an additional asynchronous serial bus, which is connected to the additional input of the serial interface of the computer, the logical outputs of the signal processing processor and microcontroller are connected to the inputs of the protection logic module, the output of which is an additional alarm output, and power buses are connected to the inputs of the secondary power module, the outputs of which are connected to the power inputs of matching electric At the same time, digital temperature sensors were introduced into the device, the outputs of which are connected to additional inputs of the data acquisition and processing unit, which are connected through an additional matching element to the digital interface bus of the data collection and processing unit. 19. The device for vibration control according to claim 18, characterized in that in the data acquisition and processing unit, the digital interface bus is connected to the digital interface bus of the microcontroller and the signal processing processor. 20. The device for vibration control according to claim 18, characterized in that in the data acquisition and processing unit, the digital interface bus is connected to the digital interface bus of the microcontroller. 21. The device for vibration control according to claim 18, characterized in that in the data acquisition and processing unit, the digital interface bus is connected to the digital interface bus of the signal processing processor. 22. A device for vibration control, containing sensors, as well as a data acquisition and processing unit, which contains a first analog-to-digital converter, the output of which is connected to the data input of the signal processor, the output of which is connected via a digital interface to the inputs of the microcontroller, data input input which is connected to the output of the second analog-to-digital converter, and the output of the microcontroller is connected via an interface element to an asynchronous serial bus, which is connected to the input of the serial computer interface, the output of which is the alarm output, and the sensor outputs are connected to the inputs of the data acquisition and processing unit, characterized in that, in order to increase the reliability and reliability of operation, the inputs of the data collection and processing unit are connected through matching elements to the inputs of the signal conditioner the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the first and second analog-to-digital converters, the synchronization inputs of the signal processor and the microcontroller are connected to the outputs of the ph of the reference mark, the output of the signal processor is connected to the input of the additional interface element, the logic outputs of the signal processor and microcontroller are connected to the inputs of the protection logic module, the output of which is an additional alarm output, and the power buses are connected to the inputs of the secondary power module, the outputs of which are connected to power inputs of matching elements, temperature sensors are also introduced into the device, the outputs of which are connected to additional inputs of the collection and processing unit data, which through additional matching elements are connected to the corresponding inputs of the signal shaper. 23. The device for vibration control according to item 22, wherein each signal in the driver is connected to the input of the corresponding first low-pass filter, the outputs of which are connected to the first outputs of the signal driver, the second outputs of which are connected to the outputs of the second low-pass filters, inputs which are connected to the inputs of the signal shaper corresponding to the sensors that are used for protection. 24. A device for vibration control, containing sensors, as well as a data acquisition and processing unit, which contains a first analog-to-digital converter, the output of which is connected to the data input of the signal processor, the output of which is connected via a digital interface to the inputs of the microcontroller, data input which is connected to the output of the second analog-to-digital converter, and the output of the microcontroller is connected to the input of the interface element, and also containing an asynchronous serial bus that connects on with the input of the serial interface of the computer, the output of which is the alarm output, and the outputs of the sensors are connected to the inputs of the data acquisition and processing unit, characterized in that, in order to increase the reliability and reliability of operation, the inputs of the data collection and processing unit are connected through matching elements with the inputs of the signal shaper, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the first and second analog-to-digital converters, the synchronization inputs of the signal processor and the microcontroller are connected with the outputs of the phase mark sensor, the output of the signal processor is connected via an additional interface element to the asynchronous serial bus, the logic outputs of the signal processor and microcontroller are connected to the inputs of the protection logic module, the output of which is an additional alarm output, and the power buses are connected to the inputs of the secondary module power supply, the outputs of which are connected to the power inputs of the matching elements, temperature sensors are also introduced into the device, the outputs of which are connected inputs us with additional data collection and processing unit, through which additional matching elements are connected to corresponding inputs of the signal shaper. 25. The device for vibration control according to paragraph 24, wherein each signal in the driver is connected to the input of the corresponding first low-pass filter, the outputs of which are connected to the first outputs of the signal driver, the second outputs of which are connected to the outputs of the second low-pass filters, inputs which are connected to the inputs of the signal shaper corresponding to the sensors that are used for protection.

Images