RU2375303C2 - Preparation method of ultrafine bonding material - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction industry.

SUBSTANCE: method of obtaining ultrafine bonding material from mineral raw material is characterised by the fact that dispersed mineral raw material pre-ground to 1.0 mm or 50 mm, which contains amorphous silicone oxide, is dispersed in water solution of hydrated oxide of alkali metal with accompanying disintegration by means of cyclic pumping of mixture in a closed circuit in cavitation mode at temperature of 90-100°C; at that, dispersion medium of the mixture in the form of 8.33-31.91% of water solution of hydrated oxide of alkali metal is prepared by means of reaction and cavitation method; at that, for one part by weight of hydrated oxide of alkali metal there taken are 1-4 parts by weight of amorphous silicone oxide, the disintegration and emulsification of which is performed in 30-120 cycles till particle sizes are within 0.002-20 mcm. Invention is developed in dependent claims of the formula.

EFFECT: improving manufacturability, strength properties of mineral bonding material, and decreasing consumption of energy required for obtaining thereof.

3 cl, 6 tbl, 6 ex

Description

The invention relates to construction and relates to the building materials industry, and in particular to a method for producing mineral binders of silica composition, and can be used in the production of water glass, unreinforced and reinforced chemically resistant products - stones, heat-resistant and refractory materials, heavy (including self-leveling) , high-strength, water-resistant and waterproof concrete, high-strength reaction-powder (gravelless) dispersed reinforced concrete, general purpose concrete increased strength using stone flour, mineral slag concrete, geosynthetic cementless concrete, airfield and road coatings, cellular and light concrete, foam silicates and foamglass ceramics (including granular ones), foam glass, cellular and other ceramics, ceramic and silicate bricks, glue, paints, mastics and putties, as well as in foundry and in other areas.

The prior art method for producing a mineral binder silica composition, including wet grinding in an alkaline environment of a silica-containing raw material and stabilization of the obtained binder. Wet grinding of silica-containing material is carried out in two stages on two homogenizers installed in series with a screw feeder, a conical working and unloading parts. In the first homogenizer, grinding is carried out at a moisture content of 25% and a temperature of 20-60 ° C. In the second homogenizer, the material is crushed in the working zone of the homogenizer, additionally equipped with spindle-shaped conical elements at 100% humidity. The water used as a diluent is preliminarily subjected to electrolysis until it reaches an alkaline medium with a pH of 11.5-12.5, while the pH of the suspension is maintained at 9.8-10.5 (RU 2118304, 08.27.1998).

The disadvantage of this method is the insufficient quality of the binder.

A known method of manufacturing a concrete mixture. In the forced action mixer, weight fractions of silica, ground quartz sand, fine and coarse aggregates are successively introduced. After mixing the dry components for 40-60 seconds, add an aqueous solution of alkali - sodium hydroxide or water glass, mixing continues for another 1.5-3 minutes until a homogeneous mass is obtained. The concrete mix thus prepared is laid in the form of an apparatus for molding products, in which the grains of the concrete mixture are activated, homogenized and mixed. The product from the siliceous concrete mixture is autoclaved in the mode of 2.5-3 + 8-15 + 4 hours at a pressure of 1.2 MPa (RU 2167119, 05.20.2001).

The disadvantages of this method are the duration of the process, the relatively low properties of the resulting product and low strength properties.

The closest analogue to the proposed invention is a method for producing liquid glass by dissolving siliceous-opal raw materials of natural and technogenic origin in caustic alkalis, including dosing of the charge components, preliminary mixing of silica-opal raw materials with water, followed by the introduction of solid alkali metal hydroxide and heat treatment of the reaction mixture at atmospheric pressure. Heat treatment of the reaction mixture is carried out without external heat due to the heat of reaction of the dissolution of solid alkali metal hydroxide and the formation of alkali metal hydrosilicates at 96-100 ° C for 0.5 to 2 hours until gas bubbles cease to precipitate, after which the finished liquid glass is cooled at a rate of 80 to 100 ° C per hour (RU 2189941, 09.27.2002).

However, this method does not eliminate the above disadvantages.

The problem to which the invention is directed is to create such a method of preparing an ultrafine binder material that would eliminate the above disadvantages.

The technical result achieved by the implementation of this invention is to improve manufacturability, strength properties and physico-mechanical characteristics of the mineral binder, improve the quality of the binder obtained, reduce energy consumption upon receipt.

The specified technical result is achieved in a method for preparing an ultrafine binder material in which dispersed mineral raw materials containing amorphous silica pre-crushed to 1.0 mm or up to 50 mm are dispersed in an alkali metal hydroxide aqueous solution with concomitant disintegration by cyclic pumping of the mixture in a closed loop into cavitation mode at a temperature of 90-100 ° C, while the dispersion medium of the mixture in the form of 8.33-31.91% aqueous solution of alkali metal hydroxide is prepared reaction-cavitation method, with 1-4 mass parts of amorphous silica being introduced into one mass part of an alkali metal hydroxide, the disintegration and emulsification of which is carried out for 30-120 cycles to particle size ranges in the range of 0.002-20 microns.

Mineral raw materials are used as fossil raw materials: flask, diatomites, tripoli, radiolarites, spongolites, zeolites, opoka sandstones, marl, marl clays, bentonites, and artificial raw materials: glass, slags, fly ash, ultrafine silica fume, industrial dust , ash husk of rice.

Caustic soda, potassium hydroxide, sulphate-soda mixture, as well as a mixture of soda and slaked lime are used as alkali metal hydroxide.

Pre-crushed to 1.0 mm mineral raw materials are flask, glass and other durable raw materials.

Pre-crushed to 50 mm mineral raw materials are diatomite, tripoli, marl and other soluble, soft raw materials.

Dispersed mineral raw materials are ash, ultrafine silica fume, etc.

Mineral raw materials are dispersed in an aqueous solution of alkali metal hydroxide with concomitant disintegration by cyclic pumping of the mixture in a closed circuit in the cavitation mode at a temperature of 90-100 ° C.

The preliminary introduction of solid alkali metal hydroxide into water leads to accelerated heating of the mixture due to the heat of reaction of the dissolution of solid alkali metal hydroxide and the formation of alkali metal hydrosilicates with the subsequent introduction of mineral raw materials.

Together, the active disintegration, mixing and heating of the effect of cavitation and chemical reactions of the dissolution of solid alkali metal hydroxide and the formation of alkali metal hydrosilicates at atmospheric pressure takes no more than 5 minutes, which leads to the accelerated production of ultrafine binders.

The dispersion medium of the mixture in the form of 8.33-31.91% aqueous solution of alkali metal hydroxide is prepared by the reaction-cavitation method, and 1-4 mass parts of amorphous silica are introduced into one mass part of the alkali metal hydroxide, the disintegration and emulsification of which in 30-120 cycles carried out to particle size in the range of 0.002-20 microns.

Mineral raw materials containing amorphous silicon are used as minerals (flask, diatomite, tripoli, radiolarites, spongolites, zeolites, opoka sandstones, marl, marl clay, bentonites, etc.), and artificial (glass, slag, ash - ablation of thermal power plants, ultrafine silica fume, industrial dust, rice husk ash, etc.).

Caustic soda, potassium hydroxide, sulphate-soda mixture, as well as a mixture of soda and slaked lime (causticization reaction) are used as alkali metal hydroxide.

Example 1

High-silica flask using NaOH was used as mineral raw materials.

25% of the mass. the flask contains 94% of the mass. amorphous silica SiO ₂ . Pre-ground to 1.0 mm flask is dispersed in an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide - 75% of the mass. with concomitant disintegration (with simultaneous grinding) by cyclic pumping of the mixture in a closed circuit in the cavitation mode at a temperature of 90 ° C.

The dispersion medium of the mixture is prepared by the reaction-cavitation method, that is, the mixture is heated due to the chemical reaction and cavitation in the aggregate in the form of 8.33% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution.

3.76 mass parts of amorphous silica (1: 3.76) are introduced per mass part of sodium hydroxide, the disintegration and emulsification of which in 120 cycles (i.e., 120 times the passage through the cavitator of the entire volume of the processed mixture) is carried out to a particle size of 0.002-20 microns.

The composition for the preparation of ultrafine binder material from the flask includes:

Flask - 25% of the mass.

NaOH - 6.25% of the mass.

Water - 68.75% of the mass.

The cementitious material obtained by the reaction-cavitation method is a molecularly dispersed aqueous solution of alkali metal silicates, which are in a homogenized state in a mixture (liquid-paste).

The density of the obtained binder is 1.3-2.2 g / cm ³ .

Further, ultrafine binder material is supplied in the required amount for various industries or, if necessary, for cooling.

The specified composition of the binding material from the flask shows the best qualities for the production of non-autoclaved aerated concrete, since it has the highest and most stable amorphous silicon content among fossil mineral resources (on average 70-90%), it has the lowest content of undesirable impurities (clay organics).

In addition, in order to reduce the cost of production of ultrafine binders, the following formulation was developed from flask or diatomite, soda and lime.

Soda and lime in an aqueous solution interact at ordinary temperature with the formation of alkali NaOH and calcium carbonate by reaction

Ca (OH) ₂ + Na ₂ CO ₃ = 2NaOH + CaCO ₃

The caustification reaction proceeds quickly - for every 74 weight units of Ca (OH) ₂ and 106 weight units of soda, 80 weight units of alkali and 100 weight units of CaCO _{3 are formed} . Due to the fact that slaked lime has a high dispersion, the water content during production should be higher than that of the binding material on alkali.

So that the binder material on soda in finished form does not thicken due to the presence of molecularly dispersed calcium carbonate, the proportion of water should be further increased:

Grade II Lime 4.85% of the mass. Soda 6.45% of the mass. Diatomite 19.35% of the mass. Water 69.35% of the mass.

The soda ultrafine binder prepared by the reaction-cavitation method is the best in the production of glue for building blocks and tiles, silicate, silicate-polymer, water-based paints, etc.

The potassium ultrafine binder prepared by the reaction-cavitation method is more resistant to coatings than sodium binder; therefore, it is preferable to use it in the manufacture of facade paints, roads, foundations, bridges, ceilings, pools and other products that are constantly in contact with water. It also increases the water resistance and frost resistance of concrete and cellular concrete.

Ultrafine cementitious material (sodium, soda, soda-sulfate or potassium) greatly accelerates the hardening of cements.

Soluble ultrafine binder is a colloidal solution of sodium and other (depending on the alkali used) silicates in water.

The chemical composition of ultrafine binders can be expressed by the formula

Na ₂ O × nSiO ₂ + mH ₂ O + metal oxides

It can be seen that the ultrafine binder does not have a constant composition, and the ratio between the individual components can vary. The ratio of SiO ₂ : Na ₂ O = M, showing how much silicic acid is present per unit of sodium oxide, is called the silicate module of the binder. Its value usually ranges from 2.06. up to 3.5.

The amount of water can be very different. Depending on this, in the colloidal solution of soluble ultrafine binder material, its consistency - “density”, measured in degrees of the Baume scale or specific gravity readings, changes. The resulting binder with a density of 1.3-2.2 kg / l at the place of work, if necessary, is diluted with water to the desired concentration.

When adding a soluble ultrafine binder to the water going to mix the cement, its setting time is greatly reduced (see Table 1). This is due to the fact that as a result of a chemical reaction between the alkaline silicate contained in the binder and the components of the cement clinker (calcium hydroaluminate), colloidal calcium hydrosilicate and sodium aluminate are formed according to the equation

3Nа ₂ О × SiO ₂ + 3СаО × Аl ₂ О ₃ × nН ₂ О = 3СаSiO ₃ × nH ₂ O + 3Na ₂ O × Al ₂ O ₃

It is sodium aluminate formed in concrete that is a very strong accelerator of gaining strength.

In addition, another reaction occurs between the "liquid glass" contained in the binder and the lime in the cement to form calcium silicate.

Na ₂ O × 2SiO ₂ + CaO = Na ₂ O × SiO ₂ + CaSiO ₃

Calcium silicate is a very strong and dense material. A porous piece, such as quicklime, treated with an ultrafine cementitious material or its solution, becomes so dense and durable that it can be polished. Being deposited in the pores of a hardening stone, calcium silicate gives it increased density and water resistance.

This set of properties - accelerating the setting of concrete from the formation of sodium aluminate and reduced permeability of the pore space - due to the calcifying action of calcium silicate and determines the very wide use of ultrafine cementitious material as an additive for waterproof concrete for emergency work: sealing leaks, caulking joints, waterproofing pools, etc.

The effect of the addition of soluble ultrafine binder material on the setting time of cement is shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Additive soluble binder, in% by weight of cement Setting start (hour-min) End of setting (hour-min) 0 1-40 5-05 one hundred 0-20 2-00 200 0-10 0-40

Ultrafine binders due to the use of various amorphous silica-containing minerals and industrial wastes are often unstable both in chemical composition and density. To control this indicator will help table. 2.

The dependence of the specific gravity of binder solutions on the percentage of dissolved silicate is given in table 2.

table 2 Structure, % The content of dissolved silicate,% ^o Ve, degrees Veem Specific gravity, g / cm ³ Silicate binder module Na ₂ O SiO ₂ 0.64 1.05 1,69 2,3 1,0061 1,69 1.90 3.13 5.03 8.0 1.0584 4.04 6.65 10.69 14.0 1,1069 6.02 9.91 15.93 20,4 1,1673 10.14 16.70 26.84 33,2 1.2970 12.04 19.82 31.86 39.2 1,3705 13.00 21.40 34.40 41.7 1,4037 13.93 22.94 36.87 44,4 1.4414 2.99 5.98 8.97 11.1 1,0829 2.06 4,50 9.00 13.50 17.0 1,1328 6.06 12.12 18.18 22.0 1,1789 8.43 16.86 25.29 30.5 1.2664 9.38 18.76 28.14 33.7 1.3028 10.53 21.06 31.59 33.7 1.3426 11.12 22.24 33.36 38.8 1,3653 11.55 23.10 34.65 40.3 1.3849 12.01 24.02 36.03 41.6 1,4023 12,43 24.86 37.29 42.8 1.4188 12.89 25.78 38.67 44.5 1.4428 17,20 34.40 51.60 55.6 1,6219 18,42 36.84 55.26 58.8 1.6821 0.52 1.21 1.73 2.1 1,0147 2.40 1,03 2.41 3.44 4.4 1,0313 3.02 7.06 10.08 12,4 1,0935 4.99 11.66 16.65 20,0 1,1600 8.29 19.64 27.93 32,3 1.2866 2.44 9.25 21.92 31.17 35.7 1,3266 10,20 24.17 34.37 39.8 1.3783 10.82 25.64 36.46 41.2 1.3969 11.40 27.00 38.40 43.1 1.4230 11.98 28.39 40.37 45,2 1.4629 0.55 1.80 2,35 2.6 1,0183 3.36 2.06 6.72 8.78 9.9 1,0733 3.03 9.89 12.92 14.8 1,1499 4.03 13.15 17.18 18.9 1,1137 5.08 16.58 21.66 23.5 1.1934 5.97 19.49 25.46 28.1 1,2404 6.49 21.18 27.67 30,4 1,2653 6.88 22.46 29.34 32,0 1.2832 7.47 24.38 31.85 34.9 1.3170 8.04 26.24 34.28 37,4 1,3476

The main characteristics of the ultrafine binder material according to the technical conditions are given in table 3.

Table 3 Name of indicator The rate of ultrafine binder Appearance A homogeneous liquid or paste without mechanical inclusions visible to the naked eye - cream, yellow, gray, graphite and brown Mass fraction of silicon dioxide,% not less 10 Mass fraction of alumina and iron oxide,% no more fifteen Mass fraction of calcium oxide,% no more 40 Mass fraction of sulfur oxide,% no more 0.3 Mass fraction of oxide
sodium (potassium),% not less 8 Silicate module, not less 1,69

The cementitious material prepared by the reaction-cavitation method from the flask or other raw materials containing amorphous silica is the basis for the accelerated (up to 6 times) production of non-autoclaved aerated concrete by “boosting” the kinetics of curing by chemical means.

In the manufacture of aerated concrete, ultrafine cementitious material increases the need for mortar in water (Table 4).

Table 4 Additive Water ml Spray on a shaking table, mm one No additives 225 153 2 Soda binder 175 144 3 Alkaline binders 125 154

The effect of ultrafine binders on the strength of the solution is shown in table 5.

Table 5 Additive binder with a density of 1.4 g / cm ³ Water Cone spread, mm 1 day 3 days one No additives thirty 173 2,8 16,0 2 30 ml alkaline binder 10 150 3.2 8.9 115% 55.6% 3 30 ml of a mixture of binders (soda -1 part + alkaline - 2 parts) 10 124 9.0 12.6 321% 78.8%

Example 2

Rice husk ash with NaOH was used as a mineral raw material.

Rice husk ash (40% by weight) containing ultrafine amorphous silica (98.4% by weight) is dispersed in an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (60% by weight) with concomitant disintegration by cyclic pumping of the mixture in a closed circuit in the cavitation mode at a temperature 98 ° C.

The dispersion medium of the mixture is prepared by the reaction-cavitation method in the form of a 16.38% aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. For one mass part of sodium hydroxide, 4 mass parts of amorphous silica (1: 4) are introduced, the disintegration and emulsification of which in 90 cycles (i.e. 90 times the passage through the cavitator of the entire volume of the processed mixture) is carried out to a particle size of 0.002-10 microns. Ultrafine binder with the use of sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) in the finished form due to the presence of a solution of silicic acid, other minerals, metals and their oxides, as well as molecular dispersed carbon, which acts as nanodispersed reinforcement, significantly accelerates the set of strength and increases the strength of cement stone .

The use of nanodispersed (ultrafine) reinforcement leads to an increase in physical and mechanical properties, for example, cellular concrete (foam concrete, aerated concrete).

Molecularly dispersed carbon obtained by burning rice husks having a tubular structure and nanometer sizes is used as nanodispersed reinforcement. It stabilizes the structure of cellular concrete and eliminates the perforation of pore walls.

The stabilization of the structure of aerated concrete occurs due to the reinforcing effect when fibrillar structures are added and hardening due to the formation of supramolecular structures in the cement walls of the pores.

Distributed in the volume of cement foam concrete, aerated concrete, molecularly dispersed carbon plays the role of directional crystallization centers, which leads, on the one hand, to the appearance of a fibrillar structure in the pore walls, ensuring its continuity and continuity, and, on the other hand, to the appearance of a reinforcing structurally oriented supramolecular shells around ultrafine carbon.

The introduction into the composition of the cement mixture of ultrafine binder material from ash of rice husk containing molecularly dispersed carbon with a size of 20-60 nm, with a density of 0.086 g / cm ³ in the amount of 0.05% by weight of the initial mixture provides an increase in the strength of cellular concrete by 1.5 -1.7 times, a decrease in thermal conductivity by 15-20%, a decrease in average density.

Improving the properties of cellular concrete (foam concrete, aerated concrete) with molecularly dispersed carbon is also achieved at a higher average density. So, at a density of 500 kg / m ^3, the compressive strength of carbon-modified cellular concrete increases by 65% and amounts to 1.45 MPa, compared to 0.87 MPa of cellular concrete with the same density without carbon.

The composition of the binder on the rice husk ash:

Rice husk ash (a.s.w.) 40.00% of the mass. NaOH 9.84% of the mass. Water (H ₂ O) 50.16% of the mass.

Example 3

Tripoli using NaOH was used as mineral raw materials.

Tripoli (38.30% of the mass.) Contains 40% of the mass. amorphous silica. Tripoli is dispersed in an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (61.70% wt.) With concomitant disintegration by cyclic pumping of the mixture in a closed circuit in the cavitation mode at a temperature of 96 ° C.

The dispersion medium of the mixture is prepared by the reaction-cavitation method in the form of a 17.24% aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. For one mass part of sodium hydroxide, 1.44 mass parts of amorphous silica (1: 1.44) are introduced, the disintegration and emulsification of which is carried out in 30 cycles to a particle size of 0.002-20 microns.

An ultrafine binder made from tripoli using sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) in the finished form due to the presence of a solution of silicic acid, ultrafine calcium carbonate and other minerals, metals and their oxides (aluminum oxide, etc.), is used as the basis for the production of ceramic and glass-ceramic (including cellular) products by firing.

The composition of astringent material from tripoli:

Tripoli (a.s.v.) 38.30% of the mass. NaOH 10.64% of the mass. Water (H ₂ O) 51.06% of the mass.

Example 4

Marl with the use of NaOH was used as mineral raw material.

Mergel (41.66% wt.) Contains 20% of the mass. amorphous silica. Mergel is dispersed in an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (58.34% by weight) with concomitant disintegration by cyclic pumping of the mixture in a closed circuit in the cavitation mode at a temperature of 90 ° C.

The dispersion medium of the mixture is prepared by the reaction-cavitation method in the form of a 14.28% aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. One mass part of amorphous silica (1: 1) is introduced per mass part of sodium hydroxide, the disintegration and emulsification of which takes 30 cycles (i.e., 30 times the passage through the cavitator of the entire volume of the processed mixture) to particle size 20 microns.

An ultrafine binder made from marl using sodium hydroxide (sodium hydroxide) in the finished form due to the presence of a solution of silicic acid, ultrafine calcium carbonate and other minerals, metals and their oxides, is used as a base or additive in the production of slag-alkali compositions and ceramic materials and glass-ceramic products when exposed to them by a high-frequency alternating magnetic field (microwave) and / or firing.

The composition of the binder material from marl:

Mergel (A.S. 41.66% of the mass. NaOH 8.34% of the mass. Water (H ₂ O) 50.00% of the mass.

Example 5

Nepheline with NaOH was used as a mineral raw material.

Nepheline (50.52% wt.) Contains 40% of the mass. amorphous silica. Nepheline is dispersed in an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (49.48% wt.) With concomitant disintegration by cyclic pumping of the mixture in a closed circuit in the cavitation mode at a temperature of 100 ° C.

The dispersion medium of the mixture is prepared by the reaction-cavitation method in the form of a 31.91% aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. 1.28 mass parts of amorphous silica (1: 1.28) are introduced per mass part of sodium hydroxide, the disintegration and emulsification of which takes 30 cycles (i.e., 30 times the passage through the cavitator of the entire volume of the processed mixture) to a particle size of 20 μm.

An ultrafine binder made from nepheline using sodium hydroxide (sodium hydroxide) in the finished form due to the presence of a solution of silicic acid, molecularly dispersed minerals, metals and their oxides (magnesium oxide, etc.) is used as the basis for the production of slag-alkali compositions, ceramic and glass-ceramic (including cellular) products by firing.

The composition of the binder from nepheline:

Nepheline (A.S.W.) 50.52% of the mass. NaOH 15.79% of the mass. Water (H ₂ O) 33.69% of the mass.

Examples of the composition of ultrafine binders from a particular type of mineral raw material are presented in table.6.

Table 6 Examples of the claimed composition Name of components The content of components, wt.% one 2 3 four 5 6 Mineral raw materials 25.00 40.00 38.30 41.66 50.52 Alkali metal hydroxide 6.25 9.84 10.64 8.34 15.79 Water 68.75 50.16 51.06 50.00 33.69 Total: one hundred one hundred one hundred one hundred one hundred

Example 6

The ultrafine binder in the composition consists of 20% binders based on flask and / or diatomite, 20% binders based on ash husk of rice, 20% binders based on marl, 20% binders based on tripoli, 20 % of a nepheline-based binder (only 100%), which is mixed with additional concomitant disintegration by cyclic pumping of the mixture in a closed circuit in the cavitation mode at a temperature of 90 ° C, which is brought to a homogeneous state for 30 cycles.

The proportions may be different depending on the properties of the cementitious materials thus created and the technological tasks for the production of building materials based on them or with their application.

Claims (3)

1. A method of preparing an ultrafine binder material from mineral raw materials, characterized in that the pre-crushed to 1.0 mm or 50 mm dispersed mineral raw materials containing amorphous silica are dispersed in an aqueous solution of alkali metal hydroxide with concomitant disintegration by cyclic pumping of the mixture in a closed the circuit in the cavitation mode at a temperature of 90-100 ° C, while the dispersion medium of the mixture in the form of 8.33-31.91% aqueous solution of alkali metal hydroxide is prepared by the reaction continuously-cavitation method, wherein one part by weight of alkali metal hydroxide introduced into 1-4 parts by weight amorphous silica, the disintegration and emulsification of which for 30-120 cycles is carried out up to particle size in the range of 0.002-20 microns. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the mineral raw materials are used as fossil raw materials: flask, diatomites, tripoli, radiolarites, spongolites, zeolites, opoka sandstones, marl, marl clay, bentonites, and raw materials of artificial origin: glass , slags, fly ash, ultrafine silica fume, industrial dust, rice husk ash. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide are used as alkali metal hydroxide.