RU2375068C2 - Therapy of otoacariasis in fur-bearing animals - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: veterinary science.

SUBSTANCE: invention concerns veterinary science and can be used in fur breeding in case of development of otoacariasis. The therapy involves single subcutaneous introduction of preparation Bovinet in a dose 0.2 mg/kg of animal's weight.

EFFECT: invention allows reducing number of treatments.

3 tbl, 3 ex

Description

The present invention relates to the field of veterinary arachnology, in particular to the development of effective agents for the treatment and prevention of otodectosis of fur animals.

Otodectosis of fur animals is a widespread disease of arctic foxes, foxes, raccoon dogs and other animals, the causative agent of which is the tick Otodectes cynotis, which parasitizes on the inner surface of the auricle, ear canal and eardrum. The disease leads to inflammatory processes in the outer and middle ear, anxiety and in this regard to a decrease in growth, further to a decrease in the size of the skin and the quality of pubescence, therefore, measures to combat this disease are relevant.

Currently, 1.0% solutions of drugs from the group of macrocyclic lactones that have acaricidal activity against the tick of O. cynotis are used to treat otodectosis of animals, and deviations from the general condition of animals are not observed when they are prescribed (1). Administration of drugs for otodectosis is performed subcutaneously, twice, with an interval of 8-10 days, which is not very convenient, since it creates unnecessary stress for animals. However, the need for double administration of ivermectins to animals with acaroses is due to their pharmacokinetics - the half-life of which is 12-15 days, and the biology of the parasite - from eggs laid by a female tick on the skin of an animal, larvae hatch, which turn into a protonymph, then into a teleonymph and imago for 16 -21 day. From the aforementioned, the validity of double treatment for scabies diseases of animals is clear.

Known highly effective drug "Bovinet" (prolonged action ivermectin), which is used on cattle, sheep against dictyocauliasis, ostertagiosis, hemonchiasis, trichostrongiasis, cooperiosis, esophagostomiasis, nematodirosis, strongyloidiasis, trichorhosisa, trisophyllosis, trichioptosis, trichioptosis, trichioptosis, trichioptosis, trichioptosis, trichioptosis, trichioptosis, trichioptosis, trichioptosis, and trichytosis of the throatosis; pigs against ascariasis, esophagostomiasis, strongyloidosis, trichocephalosis, metastrongylesis, sarcoptosis and sifunculosis (3).

The drug is not dangerous for humans and warm-blooded, does not have teratogenic, mutagenic and cumulative effects, does not cause resistance in pests. Applied by subcutaneous administration in doses: 0.2 mg / kg for the active substance (DV) - cattle, sheep and 0.3 mg / kg for DV - pigs.

The technical result is the prolonged action of the drug "Bovinet" in the treatment of otodectosis of fur animals, given the absence of negative effects on animals and the reduction of stress when administered subcutaneously, as well as the cost of a single use.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that bovinet, the active substance of which is ivermectin and a solvent consisting of propylene glycol, glyceroformol, polyvinylpyralidone and a prolongator, was used as a therapeutic drug for otodectosis of fur animals.

Ivermectin is produced by the soil microorganism Streptomyces avermitilis and consists of a pair of close homologues that differ only in one metal group. Ivermectin contains not less than 80% of 22,23-dihydroavermectin B la and not more than 20% of 22,23-dihydroavermectin B1b. It causes the death of arthropod parasites by blocking the transmission of nerve impulses between nerve endings and a muscle tissue cell by enhancing the GABA effect (4).

From the sources of information available to the applicant, the specified set of existing features is unknown, which allows to obtain the specified technical result, therefore, the claimed invention meets the patentability condition “novelty”.

The applicant does not know means of a similar purpose, in which the distinguishing features of the claimed invention would be disclosed with the use of it in any combination of signs of the specified technical result. Therefore, the claimed invention meets the condition of patentability "inventive step".

Evidence of industrial applicability is claimed in the following examples.

Example 1. The study of acaricidal and ovocidal activity

The study of acaricidal and ovocidal activity was carried out in the laboratory of the All-Russian Research Institute of Helminthology. K.I.Skryabin according to the approved methodology (2).

Studies were performed on ticks taken on the day of the experiment from infected animals, for which active, non-injured ticks were selected. The selection was carried out as follows: crusts and scabs were placed on dark-colored napkins and the tangent movements of the dissecting needle moistened with physiological saline were counted and ticks were transferred onto napkins with acaricide.

Obviously prepared the following dilutions of bovinet in physiological saline: 1.0%; 0.5%; 0.25%; 0.12%; 0.06%; 0.03%; 0.015%. The application of acaricides began with the lowest concentration. 20 ticks were transferred onto wipes with acaricide, then wipes were placed in Petri dishes and placed in a thermostat at a temperature of 27-28 ° C and a humidity of 95%. Control ticks were treated with saline.

With each concentration, the experiment was performed in five replicates. The results of the acaricidal action of the drug were taken into account by observation under a microscope after 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 24, 36, and 72 hours. The acaricidal activity of the drug was evaluated according to the results of tick conditions after 24 hours (SK ₅₀ ).

The study of the ovocidal effect of the drug was carried out with eggs on crusts and scabs. To do this, the material obtained from animals was placed on a heated table and waited for all the mites to crawl out of the crusts. Then, crusts in which there were 25 eggs were selected and treated with acaricide in the same dilutions, and control with saline. Then the crusts were placed on the watch glass, the edges of the glass were smeared with liquid paraffin, then they were placed in Petri dishes.

Table 1
Determination of acaricidal and ovocidal activity of different doses of the drug Dilution of the drug Acaricidal activity Avocidal activity The number of ticks in the experience SK ₅₀ with exposure 24 hours SK ₁₀₀ exposure, h The number of eggs in the experiment Not dead Dead % 1,0% twenty one 25 12 13 52 0.5% twenty 2 25 fifteen 10 40 0.25% twenty 0.0263 ± 6 25 17 8 32 0.12% twenty 9 25 twenty 5 twenty 0.06% twenty 0.0015 24 25 21 four 16 0.03% twenty 36 25 22 3 12 0.015% twenty 72 25 22 3 12 Fiz. rr twenty - - 25 24 one four

The experimental and control Petri dishes with watch glasses were placed in a thermostat at a temperature of 31-32 ° C and a humidity of 95%. Accounting for the larvae hatching was observed for 4 days. The level of ovocidal action was expressed as a percentage.

The results of the experiment indicate that bovinet has a pronounced acaricidal effect, but does not affect tick eggs.

Example 2. The study of the effectiveness of treatment depending on the dose of the active substance

49 arctic foxes and 35 foxes spontaneously infected with the tick of O. cynotis were selected and divided into 7 groups in such a way that in each group there were 7 arctic foxes and 5 foxes. The animals of the first group of bovinet were injected subcutaneously at a dose of 0.1 mg / kg in the DV, once and for each subsequent group 0.05 mg / kg in the DV was added in arithmetic progression. The control groups were injected with ivomec at a dose of 0.2 mg / kg in terms of DV, twice (sixth) and physiological saline (seventh). All animals were kept under identical conditions, but in isolation in groups.

The effectiveness of the treatment of otodectosis depending on the dose of the active substance is presented below in table 2.

table 2
Testing different doses of the drug with spontaneous otodectosis Groups of animals Number of animals Dose, mg / kg Multiplicity of application Recovered Arctic foxes Foxes Arctic foxes Foxes Goal. % Goal. % 1st 7 5 0.1 once 0 0 0 0 2nd 7 5 0.15 3 42.8 one 20,0 3rd 7 5 0.2 7 100.0 5 100.0 4th 7 5 0.25 7 100.0 5 100.0 5th 7 5 0.3 7 100.0 5 100.0 The control Ivomek 7 5 0.2 twice 7 100.0 5 100.0 Fiz. rr 7 5 - once - - - -

The results of studies after treatment showed that a dose of 0.2 mg / kg in the Far East and above provided 100% efficiency in foxes and arctic foxes. In the sixth group, where the animals were prescribed, the marked dose of ivomec was obtained 100% efficiency. In animals of the seventh group, the intensity and intensity of invasion remained unchanged. Based on the results obtained, the optimal dose of bovinet for spontaneous otodectosis was taken at 0.2 mg / kg in terms of DV, which turned out to be the same as that of the analogue, but its single use was a significant advantage.

Example 3. The study of the duration of acaricidal action of the drug

The study of residual acaricidal action in vitro was carried out on napkins soaked in acaricide in the following concentrations: 1.0%; 0.5%; 0.25%; 0.12%; 0.06%. Napkins were kept in a fume hood all the time during the experiment. The ticks were replanted in an amount of 20 copies on napkins for 28 days. Analysis was carried out every 24 hours after replanting.

Table 3
Determination of the duration of acaricidal action of bovinet Concentration Duration of acaricidal action, days 1,0% 21 (19-23) 0.5% 16 (15-17) 0.25% 13.5 (12-15) 0.12% 8 (7-9) 0.06% 2 (1-3) The control Akarin 8 (7-9) Fiz. solution -

The study of the duration of acaricidal action in vivo was carried out in a fur farm isolator. To do this, uninfected animals were injected subcutaneously in a dose of 0.2 mg / kg BW and the ticks were implanted in the auricle for four weeks. A study for the presence of live or dead ticks was carried out the day after replanting.

As a result, it was obtained that the duration of acaricidal action in vivo was 21 ± 2.5 days.

With the introduction of acaricides into animals, the duration of the acaricidal action of the drug should decrease due to the removal of the drug from the body and its inactivation. But in this case, the duration of the acaricidal effect in vivo is almost equal to the residual acaricidal effect in vitro (Table 3) and this is achieved due to the use of a prolonged action solvent in the composition of bovinet.

Based on the foregoing, it is clear that bovinet should be used once for otodectosis of fur animals once, because the tick development cycle does not exceed the duration of the acaricidal action of the drug.

When calculating the cost-effectiveness of treating fur-bearing animals with otodectosis, we proceeded from the fact that the price of a 100 ml Bowinet bottle was 460 rubles, and the price of the Ivomek bottle was 758 rubles.

The need of the proposed drug for processing one animal per treatment course was 0.12 ml, and the cost of processing one animal with otodectosis is 0.6 rubles. At the same time, labor costs halved, as the drug is used once. When using ivomek for double treatment, the drug consumption was 0.24 ml, and the cost of processing one animal was 3.64 rubles. The economic effect of using bovinet per animal was 3.04 rubles.

Thus, in the recommended dose of 0.2 mg / kg of Bovinet at DV, when applied once, it has a detrimental effect on the tick of O. cynotis, the effectiveness was 100%.

The proposed method was tested in 2005-2006. with positive results on foxes and arctic foxes in the farms of the Moscow region.

The proposed method, which includes the use of ivermectin in combination with a prolonged-acting solvent, has a high acaricidal effect, reduces the number of treatments, labor and material costs.

Information sources

1. Davletshin A.N., Zhakupbaev N.Kh

Sarcoptoidoses of carnivores.

Vseros. VNII Vet Entomology and Arachnology, Yekaterinburg, 2000.

2. Guidelines for the initial selection of new acaricides and a comparative study of their activity against sarcoptoid ticks. Approved by the Veterinary Department VASKHNIL 06/23/82 Moscow, 1982., p.1-11.

3. Safiullin R.T. and etc.

Bovinet for parasitic diseases of pigs.

Veterinary medicine, No. 7., M., 2007., S.30-34.

4. William C. Campbell.

Ivermectin and abamectin.

New York, Berlin, Heidelberg, London, Paris, Tokio, p. 1-25, 114-124.

Claims (1)

A method of treating fur-bearing animals with otodectosis, comprising administering a medicinal product at a dose of 0.2 mg / kg of animal weight, characterized in that they take bovinet as a medical preparation and inject it subcutaneously once.