RU2374813C1 - Device for definition of seeds growth force - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: device includes germinator with moistened sand, investigated seeds and loading unit placed in germinator. At the same time loading unit is arranged in the form of prism divided by vertical partitions into cells filled with dry sand. Besides vertical partitions on top are connected to each other by means of stiffening ribs, and loading unit and germinator have latches. Moreover, force of seeds growth is defined by number of germs with seed lobes brought to sand surface.

EFFECT: stated invention provides for development of device, which makes it possible to define growth force of seeds that bring seed lobes onto soil surface with various depth of embedding, and using produced results, to calculate norm of seeds sowing.

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Description

The present invention relates to agricultural production, in particular to devices for assessing the growth force of the seeds of legumes that carry cotyledons to the soil surface.

In agricultural production, to determine the seed growth power of legumes and grain crops, a method of germinating the studied seeds in sand is used (GOST 12040-66). A layer of sand moistened up to 60% of the total moisture capacity of the sand is poured into a glass cylinder 20 cm high, 15 cm in diameter, 100 seeds of the test culture are sown in it in a 2-3-fold repetition. Seeds are planted in moist sand to a depth of 1 cm and covered with 3 cm of dry sand on top. Vessels with seeds are placed in a thermostat for germination. After 8-10 days, the number of seedlings is counted and the formed organic mass is weighed.

The method allows to determine the growth power of the seeds of legumes and to predict the possible field germination. However, the seeds of legumes that carry cotyledons to the soil surface, when germinated in a continuous crop, develop greater strength and raise a layer of sand covering them, which makes it difficult to identify weak seeds that, when individually planted, do not carry the cotyledons to the soil surface. The seed growth force determined by the standard method is not used to calculate the seeding rate, since the determination is carried out with a 3 cm layer of dry sand, and the depth of seed placement in the field varies over a wide range (2-8 cm).

There is a bed for seed germination, patent No. 2198489, M.cl. A01C 1/02, published. B.I. No. 5 - 2003. A bed for seed germination, containing a plastic bar with 100 holes located on it, filled with 8% polyacrylamide gel and serving cells for seeds, where the cells are through, and using a movable cloth ground to hold the polyacrylamide gel inside the cells to the surface of the bar.

The use of a bed of polyacrylamide gel allows us to simplify the germination of seeds of field crops and to avoid the laborious operation of calcining and moisturizing sand. However, in this case, the possibility of germinating seeds under conditions close to field conditions and obtaining information about the growth rate identical to field germination is excluded.

The closest solution to the technical nature and the achieved effect may be a device for determining the growth rate of seeds. A.S. No. 1500178, M. cl. A01C 1/02, published. B.I. No. 30 - 1989. A device for determining the seed growth force consists of a bed for seeds and a vessel, where the vessel is made of transparent material in the form of a cone, the base of which is placed in a pallet, at the bottom of which a growth guide is installed at an angle to the cone, interacting with the protrusions of the transparent cone. At the bottom of the pallet between the spring-loaded flaps, a cone seal is installed, with a rod connected to the bar of the upper part of the transparent cone.

The device allows you to determine the growth forces of field crops with any depth of seed placement and use the information obtained to calculate the seeding rate. However, the determination of the growth force of seeds that carry cotyledons to the soil surface is difficult. Germinating seeds of legumes (for example, soybeans) develop tremendous strength and raise the entire device with sand. The system for evaluating the strength of seed growth becomes inoperative.

The aim of the invention is to provide a device that allows you to determine the growth force of seeds that carry cotyledons to the soil surface, with different seeding depths and the calculation of the rate of seeding.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the device for determining the seed growth force, including a germination with moistened sand, the seeds being studied and a loading unit located in the germination, where the loading unit is made in the form of a prism divided by vertical partitions into cells filled with dry sand, where the vertical partitions are at the top interconnected by stiffeners, and the loading unit and the germination have latches, while the seed growth force is determined by the number of seedlings with cotyledons placed on the sand surface.

The drawing (schematically) shows a device for determining the seed growth force, including a germination unit 1 with moistened sand 2, the seeds being studied and a loading unit 3 located in the growth unit, where the loading unit is made in the form of a prism divided by vertical partitions 4 into cells 5 filled with dry sand 6, where the vertical partitions at the top are interconnected by stiffeners 7, and the loading unit and the germination unit have latches 8, and the seed growth force is determined by the number of seedlings with cotyledons placed on the surface of the ne ska.

The device operates as follows. The seeds of the studied culture, for example, soybeans, are laid out on sand 2 in the germination 1 in pre-cut strips corresponding to the median line of cell 5. The test seeds are pressed into moist sand 2 and the loading block 3 is installed on top and fixed with latches 8. Dry sand 6 is poured into cells 5 and a device for determining the seed growth force is placed in a thermostat. The depth of embedding of seeds of leguminous crops varies depending on moisture and granulometric composition of the soil from 2 to 8 cm, therefore, the height of the cells can be changed periodically, for example 3-5-8 cm. The presence of a latch 8 prevents the loading unit 3 from dumping from the germination during seed germination and stiffeners 7 reinforce the stability of the partitions 4 during the loading of sand 6. After 8-10 days of germination, the number of seedlings with cotyledons placed on the soil surface is counted and expressed as a percentage. The information obtained is used to calculate the seeding rate. For example, the growth rate of soybean seeds with a sand layer of 3 cm was 85%, 5 cm - 80% and 8 cm - 72%, the mass of 1000 seeds - 160 g, the number of seedlings - 30 pcs / m, the seed purity - 99%. If soybean is planned to be sown in the field to a depth of 3 cm, then the sowing rate is calculated according to the above formula.

, где:

where:

N - seeding rate, kg / ha,

M - mass of 1000 grains, g,

K is the number of seedlings in the spring, pcs / m ² ,

H - seed purity,%,

C is the growth force in the cell with a height equal to the depth of seed placement,%.

The seeding rate was 57 kg / ha.

Claims (1)

A device for determining the growth force of seeds, including a germination with moistened sand, the studied seeds and a loading unit located in the growth unit, characterized in that the loading unit is made in the form of a prism divided by vertical partitions into cells filled with dry sand, where the vertical partitions at the top are interconnected stiffening ribs, and the loading unit and the germination have latches, while the seed growth force is determined by the number of seedlings with cotyledons placed on the sand surface.

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