RU2596952C2 - Method for determining force of soya seeds growth - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method for determining force of soya seeds growth includes a sowing seeds in containers with wet sand, their sprouting and recording sprouts. Vermiculite is added in the sand with weight ratio of 50:1. Sprouting is performed during first three days in a thermostat at temperature of 20 °C, and the rest 7 days at temperature of 16-18 °C and daylight with subsequent morpho-physiological sprouts evaluations.

EFFECT: invention allows stabilizing the humidity of the substrate during the whole period of sprouting and morpho-physiological sprouts evaluations of soya seeds growth force.

1 cl, 1 tbl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to control and seed business, seed science, and can be used to assess the sowing qualities of soybean seeds in state seed inspections and scientific institutions.

The traditional method for determining the seed growth force is as follows: the seeds are sown in vessels at a depth recommended for the crop being studied, in moistened sand or soil, up to 60% of the total moisture capacity. The number of seeds sown depends on the size of the seeds of the studied crops. Seeds are covered with air-dry sand (particle size from 1 mm to 1.25 mm) with a layer of up to 8 cm. After seeding all seeds, the sand surface should be 2 cm below the edges of the vessel. Germination is conducted in the light at a temperature of 16-20 ° C depending on the culture. On the day of the counting, seedlings of all cultures that came to the surface are cut flush with the surface of the sand, counted and weighed. Seedlings of sprouted, non-germinated, swollen and decayed seeds are recorded [1].

Of greatest importance is the method of morphophysiological assessment of seedlings. For this method, a sheet of paper 40 × 50 cm in size is taken and doubled in width. After wetting, one half of the leaf is bent, and 25 pcs. Of seeds are laid out on the second. in a checkerboard pattern. Then the seeds are covered with a bent half of the sheet and rolled up. This method is used for large seed crops. Seeds germinate in the dark at a temperature of 20 ° C for 5 days, after the germination period, they begin to evaluate the seedlings. In the beginning, swollen, decayed, and abnormally developed seedlings are counted and removed. Then strong seedlings are distinguished from normally developed ones, using the criteria for their evaluation [2].

These methods for germinating soybean seeds have the following disadvantages:

- in the traditional method, the root system is located in the upper layer of the substrate, which makes it difficult to give an objective morphophysiological assessment of seedlings;

- when using the second method in the process of germination, soybean seeds swell and filter paper breaks, which does not provide reliability in assessing the strength of their growth.

The purpose of the invention is the stabilization of the moisture content of the substrate, the long-term preservation of moisture in the sand and an objective morphophysiological assessment of the growth rate of soybean seeds.

This goal is achieved by 10-day germination of soybean seeds in vessels with a moistened substrate (sand + vermiculite) up to 70% of the total moisture capacity. The first three days, the vessels are kept in a thermostat at a temperature of 20 ° C. Then they are put into the room in daylight and at a temperature of 16-18 ° C. On the tenth day, the seedlings are carefully removed and the strength of their growth is estimated.

Example

Purely washed vessels (20 cm high, 15 cm in diameter) are filled with previously prepared substrates up to 12-16 cm high. The substrate is prepared as follows: calcined sand, moistened to 70% of the total moisture capacity, is mixed with vermiculite in a weight ratio of 50: 1.

The surface of the substrates is leveled, compacted, and then evenly laid out in 25 pieces. calibrated soybean seeds and pressed to a depth of 2-3 cm. Repeat fourfold. Top soybean seeds are covered with a layer of air-dried coarse sand (2 cm), sifted through two sieves with round holes (with a diameter of 1.0 mm and 1.25 mm). The first three days, the vessels are kept in a thermostat at a temperature of 20 ° C. Then they are put into the room in daylight and at a temperature of 16-18 ° C. On the tenth day, the seedlings are carefully removed, the account of swollen, rotten seeds is carried out, the number of normal seedlings is calculated, their length and weight, the length of the hypocotyl and the number of lateral roots are determined (table).

The maximum value of the length and mass of seedlings was noted when germinating soybean seeds in vessels on sand with vermiculite, respectively 22.7 cm and 9.5 g / 100 pcs. The coefficient of variation in the length of seedlings was to a lesser extent 8.6%. The root system is well developed, the roots are located along the entire height of the substrate. The length of the main root was more than 10 cm. When using the standard method, the maximum length of the main root was 7 cm. The minimum length of the seedlings was noted when seeds were germinated on filter paper 17.1 cm, while the change in this trait was significantly higher than with other methods, and amounted to 20.5%. Plants lag behind in growth and development compared to the standard method. The root system is poorly developed. Lateral roots are practically absent. (See FIG.)

An improved standard method using vermiculite due to stable conditions of germination provides for soybeans a higher percentage of plant exit to the surface, uniform development of plants, which allows an objective morphophysiological assessment of the strength of soybean seed growth and to establish a relationship between the degree of development of the organs of soybean seedlings and grain yield.

Information sources

1. GOST 12040-66 Method for determining the strength of growth. Standards Publishing House, Moscow, 1977.

2. Gritsenko V.V., Koloshina Z.M. Seed science of field crops. - M .: Kolos, 1984, p. 244.

3. The method of determining the growth rate of plants (Patent RU 2198498). Statsenko A.P., Grishin G.E.

Claims (1)

A method for determining the growth rate of soybean seeds, including sowing seeds in vessels with moistened sand, germinating them and taking seedlings, characterized in that vermiculite is added to sand in a weight ratio of 50: 1, and germination is carried out for the first three days in an thermostat at a temperature of 20 ° C, and the remaining 7 days at a temperature of 16-18 ° C and daylight, followed by morphophysiological assessment of the seedlings.

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