RU2373894C2 - Dental prosthesis and method of its manufacturing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine. ^ SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to field. Dental prosthesis contains holders (3, 4) for fastening to nearest tooth (8), inserted element (7), made incorporated with holders, enveloping element (6) made as one whole with artificial tooth (5) and having cut (6a) for introduction into it of inserted element, allowing to restore or provide defective tooth functioning, in which holders (3, 4) have such form, that, in fact, surround nearest tooth and are modeled in compliance with initial profile of nearest tooth (8) surface, obtaining the same surface profile as nearest tooth (8). Holders are fastened to nearest tooth without its grinding. Method of dental prosthesis manufacturing contains following steps: duplication of initial model is carried out; wax-model of duplicated model is made; gate is installed on duplicated model, when duplicated model is in wax; and duplicated model is packed, burned and flooded. ^ EFFECT: invention can be applied for restoration of lost tooth. ^ 14 cl, 37 dwg

Description

Technical field

The present invention relates to a denture and a method of manufacturing it for restoring a lost tooth, and in particular, to a denture comprising an insertable member mounted on a holder attached to an adjacent tooth and intended to be attached to an adjacent tooth of an artificial tooth, and covering the member made in an artificial tooth in such a way that the artificial tooth and the adjacent tooth can be connected to each other without grinding the adjacent tooth, and a method of manufacturing a denture, comprising the steps duplication of the original model, execution of the wax model of the duplicated model, installation of the gate on the duplicated model when the duplicated model is in wax, and packaging, burning and filling the duplicated model.

State of the art

Usually, to restore a lost tooth, the adjacent tooth located on the side of the artificial tooth to be restored is grinded and the grinded neighboring tooth is covered with a crown made of metal or ceramic material, which is connected to the artificial tooth and attached to it.

An example of a conventional denture is a crown bridge. In the case of a conventional bridge of crowns, adjacent teeth 1a located on both sides of the prosthetic artificial tooth are grinded from the dashed line shown in FIG. 1 to a solid line, and the artificial tooth 2 shown in FIG. 2 is connected to the crown 2a made on the supporting the tooth and attached to the sewing area.

However, the crown bridge known from the prior art has several drawbacks related to the fact that it causes degeneration or exposure of dental pulp, or hypersensitivity due to increased loss of dental substance, and the fact that it is impossible to restore the initial bite, which is caused by occlusal stitching surfaces of adjacent teeth. In addition, sometimes there is a need for endodontic treatment, since when restoring a significantly inclined tooth, the size of the tooth section to be grinded increases.

Alternatively, an implant is used as a denture. Implant prosthetics is a method of attaching an artificial tooth by means of a screw after implantation of a metal artificial root. However, implantation has several drawbacks associated with the fact that it takes a lot of time and money to fix an artificial tooth, there are restrictions for prosthetics if patients suffer from serious periodontal diseases, debilitating diseases, diabetes and blood diseases, in addition, the implant is relatively unstable to the lateral pressure.

Therefore, there is a need to create a denture, the installation of which is not difficult, and in which the artificial tooth can be fixed without grinding the adjacent teeth. For known prostheses, there are difficulties in installing various prostheses related to the condition of neighboring teeth, since it is impossible to fix prostheses without making holes in adjacent teeth or without grinding off adjacent teeth.

At the same time, a method of manufacturing a prosthesis known from the prior art comprises the following steps: creating, based on the initial model, a wax model of the prosthesis, removing the wax model from the original model, packing and filling the wax model after installing the gate on the wax model, and installing it on the original model.

However, the prior art method has the disadvantage that it is difficult to achieve maximum holding force when using it.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Therefore, the aim of the present invention is to provide a denture and a method of manufacturing such a prosthesis in which it is possible to attach the holder to an adjacent tooth without grinding or with minor grinding of an adjacent tooth, which makes it possible to easily and reliably attach an artificial tooth by means of a holder connected to an adjacent tooth, and provide a natural and diverse appearance, in accordance with the conditions of prosthetics.

To achieve this, the present invention provides a denture comprising an insertion member mounted on a holder attached to an adjacent tooth, for attaching an artificial tooth to an adjacent tooth, and encompassing an element formed in the artificial tooth such that the artificial tooth and adjacent tooth can be connected to each other without grinding off an adjacent tooth, and a method for manufacturing a denture, comprising the following steps: duplicate the original model, perform a wax model double Rowan model is mounted on a double model runner, when the model is duplicated in wax and duplicate the model pack, burn and pour.

Advantages of the Invention

The present invention, which does not use anesthesia or tooth grinding, contributes to dental health, as the patient can go to the dental clinic without fear of dental treatment and without losing time to prosthetics, and prosthetics even if the patient suffers from hypertension or angina pectoris, or he is afraid of anesthesia, which should be used with limitations when prosthetics.

The denture according to the present invention does not cause a hypersensitivity reaction and does not require endodontic intervention after tooth prosthetics, since prosthetics are performed without grinding the teeth and without affecting the pulp, and this prosthesis can also prevent tooth decay, since tooth enamel, which is the hardest substance in the human body. In addition, the denture according to the present invention allows you to maintain the existing bite, since the occlusal surface does not grind, and this denture does not cause the patient to feel a foreign body, since the opposing tooth does not change, and the contact area with the opposing tooth remains the same. In addition, the denture does not cause damage to soft tissues, which can occur during grinding of the tooth, and prevents tooth decay due to softening of the connective tissue as a result of improper grinding of the tooth.

In addition, the denture according to the present invention can significantly reduce the level of medical complications, since there is no risk of infection associated with improper disinfection in the dental clinic, it does not require the use of anesthetics or dentifrices, the time required for medical consultations is significantly reduced, and this prosthesis can be easily removed if necessary. Therefore, the denture according to the present invention is the most convenient for humans.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 presents a side view of the ground part in the case of the use of a denture known from the prior art;

figure 2 presents a side view of the installed denture, known from the prior art;

figure 3 presents an exploded view of the denture according to the present invention;

figure 4 presents an enlarged image of the lingual side according to figure 3;

figure 5 presents an enlarged image of the lingual side of the inserted elements made on both ends of the denture holder according to the present invention;

6 is a perspective view and a plan view showing a state in which an S-shaped holder is attached to adjacent teeth according to the present invention;

Fig. 7 is a perspective view of an integral holder according to the present invention;

on Fig presents a perspective view of a holder of a separate type according to the present invention;

figure 9 shows in perspective view a connecting element made in the rear of the holder of figure 8;

figure 10 shows a perspective view of the coating of the fossa, non-functional tubercle and the area of the occlusal surface;

figure 11 presents in a perspective view of a modification of the holder shown in figure 7;

on Fig presents in plan a holder of a separate type and an inserted element shown in Fig;

on Fig presents in plan a whole made holder and an inserted element;

on Fig presents a side view of the holders according to Fig.7 and 8 when viewed from the buccal side;

on Fig presented in side view, partially in section, the prosthesis installed according to the present invention;

on Fig presents in front view, partially in section, the angle of the inserted element of the denture according to the present invention;

on Fig presents in section a plug-in element of the holder connected to the artificial tooth of the denture according to the present invention;

on Fig in side view shows the installation of a denture according to the present invention;

FIG. 19 is a perspective view of a burrow type holder according to the present invention; FIG.

FIG. 20 is a perspective view of a burrow type holder according to the present invention;

FIG. 21 is a perspective view of a sinking type holder according to the present invention; FIG.

FIG. 22 is a perspective view of a burrow type holder according to the present invention; FIG.

FIG. 23 is a perspective view of a buried member added to that shown in FIG. 19;

Fig.24 is a perspective view of a modification of the holder shown in Fig.19;

on Fig presents views from the front and in a perspective view of the plot with recesses of a linear type;

on Fig presents front views and in a perspective view of the plot with recesses of the point type;

on Fig presents front views and a perspective view of the plot with recesses of the channel type;

on Fig presents front views and a perspective view of the plot with recesses box-type;

on Fig presents a front view of the ground portion from the lingual side of the front tooth;

on Fig presents a front view of another seamed portion from the lingual side of the front tooth;

on Fig shown in a perspective view of the recess from the rear side of the holder of the buried type;

on Fig shows another recess from the rear side of the holder of the buried type;

Fig.33 shows in plan a holder of a buried type and an inserted element;

on Fig shows a side view of the holder when viewed from the buccal side;

on Fig shows a side view, in section, of a mounted denture according to the present invention;

on Fig presents a front view, in section, which shows the angle of the inserted element of the denture according to the present invention;

and FIG. 37 shows a sectional view of an insertable holder member connected to an artificial tooth of a denture according to the present invention.

Preferred Embodiments

Next, preferred embodiments of the present invention are disclosed in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

Figures 3-17 show a denture according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the denture according to the present invention comprises: an artificial tooth 5 having female elements 6 and slots 6a; and holders 3 and 4 attached to the adjacent tooth 8, having respectively inserted elements 7, made integrally with the holders 3 and 4 and inserted into the covering elements 6 and the slots 6a of the artificial tooth 5.

The connecting force between the holders 3 and 4 and the adjacent tooth 8 increases by maximizing the area of the holders 3 and 4, and the connecting force between the holders 3 and 4 and the artificial tooth 5 increases by maximizing the area of the enclosing element 6 and the inserted element 7. At the same time time, the dimensions of the enclosing element 6 and the insertion element 7 can be adjusted depending on the specific situation.

In this case, the inserted element 7 and the holders 3 and 4 can be made as a whole, as shown in Fig.7, or divided into a lingual side and a buccal side, as shown in Fig. 8.

In addition, in the case where the insertion element 7 and the holders 3 and 4 are divided into the lingual side and the buccal side, and, as shown in Fig. 9, there is no tooth on the back of the holders 3 and 4, at the ends of the lingual holder 3 and the buccal holder 4, a paired protrusion 9a and a recess 9b are connected to each other to increase the connecting force between the holders 3 and 4.

Moreover, if there is an adjacent tooth 8, the holders 3 and 4 of which can be visible from the outside, as shown in Figs. 12 and 13 (3), only the lingual holder 3 is performed on the front tooth and the area that should look aesthetically pleasing, and on the back 4, the lingual holder 3 and the buccal holder 4 can be made separate, as shown in Fig. 8, or as a whole, as shown in Fig. 7. Alternatively, an S-shaped prosthesis can be made (Fig. 6) so that only the lingual holder 3 is fixed on the front tooth and the front section of the artificial tooth, and only the buccal holder 4 is fixed on the molar and the back tooth relative to the artificial tooth. In the prosthesis having the above-described construction, the holder is not visible from the outside, since only the lingual holder 3 is fixed on the front tooth and the area that should look aesthetically pleasing.

At the same time, as shown in figure 10, the holders 3 and 4 are made in such a way that the fossa, non-functional tubercle and the entire occlusal surface or some part of it that is not in contact with the opposite tooth are covered. In addition, the lingual holder 3, which is fixed on the front tooth and on the area to which high aesthetic requirements are set, covers the lingual side to the maximum extent within the limits that do not interfere with the bite, and the prosthesis can withstand lateral pressure and vertical pressure.

In addition, the insertion element 7 may have a T-shape, I-shape, L-shape and O-shape, as well as various other shapes to maximize the holding force between the female element 6 and the inserted element 7. The shape of the female element 6 and the slots 6a is due to the shape of the insertion element 7.

In addition, as shown in Fig. 5, if the tooth is missing to the left or right of the adjacent tooth, the prosthesis can be made with an insertion element 7 made to the right or left of the holder, which allows the missing tooth to be prosthetized in any case without any grinding.

The inserted element 7 with the above construction serves to maintain parallelism between the teeth adjacent to the missing tooth together with the holder, which ensures smooth installation of the artificial tooth 5 and increases the compressive strength.

Therefore, the prosthesis according to the present invention can withstand vertical pressure and horizontal pressure due to the maximum degree of elasticity of the metal used for prosthetics, as well as the design and inclination of the tooth, and can withstand any external forces due to the lingual fossa, buccal fossa , non-functional tubercle and part of the occlusal surface that is not in contact with the opposing tooth when bitten, are closed.

At the same time, the method of manufacturing the denture according to the present invention comprises the following steps: duplicate the original model; perform a wax model of the duplicated model; On the duplicated model, a sprue is installed when the duplicated model is in wax, and the duplicated model is packaged, burned and filled.

In the case where the holder and the female element are made as described above, even if there is a cut, the lingual holder may extend from the lingual portion to at least the area where the buccal portion begins, and the buccal holder may extend from the buccal portion at least to the area where the lingual part begins. In the present invention, the holders are not only of a separate type, but also holders made completely, can be attached to the lingual and buccal fossae, the non-functional tubercle and the occlusal surface of the adjacent tooth that is not in contact with the opposing tooth without the need to grind it.

As shown in Fig. 11, the holder has a recess 10 made in its rear part, in order to maximize the flexibility of the holder, cover the lingual and buccal fossae, the non-functional tuber and the occlusal surface not in contact with the opposite tooth and simplify the installation of the holder.

As described above, the lingual holder 3 and the buccal holder 4 can be integrally formed.

Embodiments of the invention

Next, with reference to Fig.18-37 will be described in detail a completely made holder 1.

The dental prosthesis according to the present invention includes a holder 1, a protrusion 9 made on the holder 1, an insertion member 7 attached to the holder 1, and a female member 6 made in an artificial tooth 5.

The holder 1 may have one of various forms, taking into account the holding force and aesthetic requirements, for example, a shape in which the holder 1 is limited only by the abraded abutting side (Fig. 22), a form in which the abrasion 1 extends from the abraded abutment to the lingual side Fig. 20), the form in which the holder 1 extends from the abraded adjacent side to the buccal side (Fig. 21), or the form in which the holder 1 extends from the lingual to the buccal side (Fig. 19). The form of grinding and the size of the holder 1 can vary in accordance with the shape and location of the adjacent side of the adjacent tooth 8. The grinding is carried out in such a way that the patient does not feel or does not feel discomfort without anesthesia. At the same time, the holder 1 has a thickness of 0.5-2 mm. Grinding for the recessed holder 1 of the front tooth or area to which high aesthetic demands are made is carried out from the lingual side and from the adjacent side (including or not including the occlusal surface), but the grinding for holder 1 of the premolar or molar is limited only by the adjacent side (including or not including the occlusal surface of the adjacent tooth), carried out only from the adjacent side and the lingual side (including or not including the occlusal surface of the lingual side) or from the buccal First side (including or not including the occlusal surface side cheek) or lingual performed, and adjacent to the buccal side (including or not including the occlusal surface of the lingual and buccal sides). The holder 1 may have a protrusion 91 made in its lingual or buccal end section. At the same time, the adjacent tooth has a section 26 with recesses of one of the following types: channel type 23, linear type 21, point type 22, rectangular type 24, in the form of a pin hole and other types, in accordance with the shape of the protrusion 91 of the holder 1.

To increase the holding force of the holder 1, the grinding section has a predetermined angle. The coating of the holder 1 varies depending on the required amount of holding force (Fig.24). Alternatively, the protrusion 91 is made on the lingual or buccal end portion of the holder 1, in the place where the side adjacent to the holder is not sharpened (Figs. 31 and 32), or in order to maximize the adhesion force between the lingual and buccal holders and the adjacent one tooth (Fig.31 and 32), is made on the adjacent tooth 8, where the adjacent side is sharpened, and the lingual and buccal sides end. To obtain a wide holder, including the grinding surface and the adjacent ground section, which requires significant holding force, the original model is duplicated, a wax model is created for the duplicated model, and a gate is installed on the duplicated model without removing the wax model from the duplicated model. After that, the duplicated model is packaged, burned and poured, and then installed on the original model. At the same time, the coating of the grinding surface, adjacent area, lingual side and buccal side can be adjusted in accordance with the shape and position of the tooth. The wax model of the area where significant holding force is not required, namely, the area where there is no grinding or notching area, is performed according to the original model. Therefore, in the above case, duplication of the model is not required. In the area where a small bearing force is required, the denture can be made in such a way that the holder is applied only to the grinding site. In the area to which high aesthetic requirements are made, the holder extends from the seamed adjacent side only to the lingual side (Fig. 20) or is located only on the adjacent side (Fig. 22).

On the site, which does not have special aesthetic requirements, the holder 1 is located on the lingual and buccal sides (Fig.19). In addition, in order to achieve maximum holding force (Fig. 24), the holder 1 can cover the non-functional tubercle and the occlusal surface area without adversely affecting the occlusion. The insertion element 7 attached to the holder 1 may have an I-shaped, L-shaped, O-shaped and T-shaped, as well as other modified forms, in order to obtain maximum adhesion between the inserted element 7 and the female element 6. Additionally , the inserted element 7, attached to the holder 1, provides the possibility of smooth installation of the artificial tooth 5, since it remains parallel to the abutment adjacent to the lost one and allows the denture to withstand the load of the bite and lateral load and by increasing the compressive strength. The denture according to the present invention does not cause degeneration of the dental pulp, exposure of the dental pulp, changes in the opposite tooth and hypersensitivity, since it allows you to keep the occlusal surface in its original state, with a slight grinding of the tooth when restoring a lost tooth.

Artificial tooth 5 may be made of ceramic or metal material. Using the method described above, it is possible to restore a lost tooth at low cost and for a short time of surgical intervention, which distinguishes it from the prosthesis in the form of a bridge made of crowns known from the prior art.

Claims (14)

1. A dental prosthesis comprising holders (3, 4) for attachment to an adjacent tooth (8), an insertable element (7), made as a unit with holders, covering element (6), made as a unit with an artificial tooth (5) and having a slot (6a) for the insertion of an inserted element into it, allowing to restore or ensure the functioning of the damaged tooth, in which the holders (3, 4) are shaped so that they essentially surround the adjacent tooth and are modeled in accordance with the initial surface profile adjacent tooth (8) with gender cheniem the same surface profile as that of the adjacent teeth (8), wherein the holders are attached to an adjacent tooth without sewing. 2. The denture according to claim 1, in which the insertion element (7) is made at both ends or only at one end of the holder. 3. The denture according to claim 1, in which the inserted element (7) and the holders have a lingual side (3) and a buccal side (4), made as a whole. 4. The denture according to claim 1, in which the insertion element (7) and the holder are made separately from the lingual side (3) and from the buccal side (4). 5. The denture according to claim 1, in which the holder is made only on the lingual side (3). 6. The denture according to claim 1, having an S-shape, while on the front tooth and on the front of the artificial tooth (5) there is only a lingual holder (3), and on the molar and on the back of the artificial tooth (5) buccal holder only (4). 7. The denture according to claim 1, in which the holder has a recess (10), made in its rear part and designed to cover as much as possible lingual and buccal fossae, non-functional tubercle and the area that is not in contact with the opposite tooth, simplifying the installation of the holder and increasing holder flexibility. 8. The denture according to claim 4, in which the holder is of a separate type, containing a lingual holder (3) and a buccal holder (4), has a paired protrusion (9a) and a recess (9b) made at its ends and connected to each other. 9. A denture according to any one of claims 1 to 8, in which the holder is made with the possibility of covering the fossa, non-functional tubercle and partially or completely occlusal surface that is not in contact with the opposite tooth. 10. The denture according to claim 1, in which the holder (1) further comprises a protrusion, and on the adjacent surface of the adjacent tooth (8), a recess (2, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) corresponding to the protrusion (9 ), which increases the holding force of the holder. 11. The denture according to claim 10, in which the holder (1) is designed to increase the holding force and is installed only on the sharpened adjacent side of the adjacent tooth (8) in the interval from the sharpened adjacent side to the lingual side of the adjacent tooth (8), in the interval from from the sharpened adjacent side to the buccal side of the adjacent tooth (8), in the interval from the sharpened adjacent side to the lingual side and the buccal side, or on the buccal side, or on the lingual side after grinding. 12. The denture according to claim 10, in which a protrusion (91) is made in the back of the holder (1) of the recessed type, designed to provide a reliable holding force and increasing the holding force only due to the protrusion (91) of the adjacent tooth (91) even there where the adjacent side of the holder is not ground. 13. The denture according to claim 10, in which the holder (1) of the recessed type further extends from the adjacent side, buccal side and lingual side to the occlusal surface of the adjacent tooth. 14. A method of manufacturing a denture, comprising the following steps:
duplicate the original model;
perform a wax model of the duplicated model;
set the gate on the duplicated model when the duplicated model is in wax; and
the duplicated model is packed, burned out and filled.

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