RU2371889C1 - Fluid medium induction heater - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: proposed heater comprises three-phase transformer with ferromagnetic core. Transformer primary is connected to AC circuit and its secondary that makes heat exchanger for fluid medium. Aforesaid heat exchanger consists of three chambers, each representing different-diametre cylinder arranged concentrically one into the other and plugged on top and bottom with the help of face plus to form tight hollow chamber for fluid medium to be heated therein and to house cores with primary. Pipeline feeding fluid medium into aforesaid chambers is arranged at heater bottom. Two branch pipes to feed fluid medium into first and second chambers are connected to pipeline parallel to each other. End of pipeline feeding fluid medium is connected directly to third chamber. Fluid medium outlet pipeline is arranged on heater top. End of pipeline discharging fluid medium is connected to either first or third chambers. Two other branch pipes to discharge fluid medium are connected to pipeline parallel to each other. Fluid medium branch pipes and pipeline can be arranged at cylinder chamber bottom.

EFFECT: higher efficiency.

8 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering, namely to induction fluid heaters. The invention can be used for heating residential premises and buildings, for heating water and other fluids during various technological processes.

Known three-phase electric heating device of the transformer type (certificate for utility model RU No. 2692, IPC ⁶ H05V 6/10, publ. 08/16/96). The electric heater contains a flat lined rod core with a three-phase primary winding and a short-circuited secondary winding. The secondary winding consists of three cylinders concentrically covering the primary windings, sidewalls covering all three rods with windings, and two ends - the upper and lower, and the secondary winding is simultaneously part of the tank.

The disadvantage of this device is the low efficiency and high metal consumption.

Known induction fluid heater (certificate for utility model RU No. 21709, IPC ⁶ Н05В 6/10, publ. January 27, 2002). The induction fluid heater contains a three-phase transformer with a ferromagnetic core, with a primary winding and a secondary winding located on the rods, which is a heating chamber, made hollow with inlet and outlet pipes for the passage of the heated fluid, in which there are through channels with electrically conductive walls, each of which contains transformer rod. The heating chamber is equipped with jumpers of electrically conductive material located between the through channels electrically connecting the opposite walls of the heating chamber and forming short-circuited contours around the core rods.

The disadvantage of the heater is insufficient heat removal, which leads to overheating of the primary winding at the extreme terminals, the lack of symmetry of the power factors in phases, the chamber is not able to hold high pressure.

Known induction fluid heater (Patent RU No. 2074529, IPC ⁶ Н05В 6/10, publ. 02.27.97), which contains a housing, a transformer with a multi-rod ferromagnetic core, located on the rods with a multiphase primary winding connected to the network alternating current, and the secondary winding, which is a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is made in the form of a hollow chamber with one lower inlet and one upper outlet nozzles for the passage of the heated fluid. The chamber has through vertical channels with electrically conductive walls, in each of which transformer core rods are installed with a gap.

The disadvantage of this device is the design complexity and not high enough efficiency of the device, as it gives off heat not only to the heated fluid, but also dissipates it into the environment.

Known inductive conductive fluid heater (Patent RU No. 2301507, IPC Н05В 6/10, publ. 06/20/2007), containing a transformer with a ferromagnetic core, located on the core rods of the primary winding and the secondary winding, which is a hollow heating chamber with inlet and outlet nozzles for the passage of a heated fluid, in which there are through channels with electrically conductive walls, in each of which a transformer core rod is installed with a gap. The heating chamber is divided into identical parts according to the number of rods of the core of the transformer, the indicated input and output pipes and the through channel with the core of the transformer installed in it are located in each part of the heating chamber.

The heater allows to reduce material consumption and conduct simultaneous heating of two or more liquids, since the nozzles for supplying fluid and the output of the heated fluid are made in each separate chamber and are not interconnected.

The disadvantage of this heater is the insufficiently high service life due to salt deposition, as well as the high material consumption due to the separate supply of different liquids to each chamber, which reduces the efficiency of the heater.

The closest technical solution is an induction fluid heater (Application RU No. 2006121117, IPC Н05В 6/10, published January 10, 2008), which includes a charged three-phase core made of ferromagnetic material with a primary winding located on the rods connected to an alternating current main, and a secondary electrically conductive winding, which is a heat exchanger for a heated fluid, with nozzles for the inlet and outlet of the fluid. The heat exchanger consists of three chambers for heating the fluid, each of which is made of two cylinders of different diameters, mounted concentrically one in the other, connected at the top and bottom by end caps to form a sealed hollow chamber for heating the fluid in it, inside which rods with primary winding, the turns of which are located in a horizontal plane with an air gap with the formation of a closed loop around the corresponding core core, each chamber has nozzles for ode and exit fluid.

The nozzles of all three chambers for fluid inlet are connected in parallel to the common pipeline for supplying one fluid to all three chambers, and the nozzles of the outlet are connected in parallel to the pipeline for exiting the heated fluid.

The disadvantage of this heater is not a high efficiency.

The problem solved by the invention is to increase the efficiency and power factor of the induction heater and to ensure the possibility of its use in systems with natural circulation, as well as when heating fluids with forced circulation to high temperatures.

The problem is solved using an induction fluid heater, including a three-phase transformer with a ferromagnetic core, with a primary winding connected to the AC mains located on the rods and a secondary electrically conductive winding, which is a heat exchanger for a heated fluid, consisting of three chambers for heating a fluid , each of which is made of two cylinders of different diameters, mounted concentrically one in the other, connected at the top and bottom with end caps with the formation of an airtight hollow chamber for heating the fluid in it, inside which rods with a primary winding, pipelines with nozzles for entering and leaving the fluid from the chambers for heating are installed.

A pipeline for supplying fluid to the heating chambers is installed at the bottom of the induction heater, two nozzles for entering the fluid into the first and second chambers for heating are connected to each other in parallel to the pipeline, the end of the fluid supply pipe is connected directly to the third chamber for heating along the fluid supply Wednesday. A fluid outlet pipe is installed at the top of the induction heater.

The end of the fluid outlet pipe is connected to the first or third heating chamber, the other two nozzles for the fluid outlet from the heating chambers are connected in parallel to each other to the pipeline.

Preferably, the end of the fluid outlet pipe is connected to the first heating chamber, two other fluid outlet pipes are connected to the second and third heating chambers.

Preferably, the nozzles and the end of the fluid supply pipe are installed on the lower end caps of the heating chambers, the pipes and the end of the fluid outlet pipe are installed on the upper end caps of the heating chambers.

Preferably, the nozzles and the end of the fluid supply pipe are installed on the lower cylindrical part of the chambers, touching the lower end caps of the heating chambers, the pipes and the end of the fluid outlet pipe are installed on the upper cylindrical part of the chambers, touching the upper end caps of the heating chambers.

Preferably, the height of the chamber is 8-20 times greater than the thickness of the chamber formed by cylinders of different diameters.

Preferably, the induction heater comprises a temperature controller that is used to set the temperature of the heated fluid and includes means known from the prior art.

Preferably, the induction heater comprises an electromagnetic starter.

Preferably, the sealed hollow chambers of the induction heater are thermally insulated.

According to the invention, it is proposed to make the heat exchanger in the form of three hollow sealed cylindrical chambers, forming a closed loop around the corresponding core rod, connected by pipelines for entering and exiting the heated fluid, connected at one end directly to the extreme chambers (to the third chamber is the fluid supply pipe and to the third or to the first chamber - a fluid outlet pipe), as well as using pipes connected in parallel to each other to the pipelines.

The proposed implementation of the induction heater allows for uniform natural circulation of the heated fluid and increase the efficiency of the induction heater. In addition, the proposed induction heater significantly reduces the deposition of salts, which increases their service life. In addition, it is optimal for an induction heater to use the ratio of the height of the chamber to the width in the range from 8 to 20.

This organization of the movement of the heated fluid flow through the three chambers 3, 4, 5 allows you to automate the maintenance of the set temperatures of the heated fluid using means known from the prior art.

The proposed induction heater showed high efficiency both during natural circulation and when using additional pumps installed on the pipeline line 10.

Thus, the technical result of the induction heater in the proposed solution is to increase the efficiency of converting electric energy into heat and power factor, as well as reducing the dimensions and consumption of materials, reducing salt deposition, and increasing the service life.

Figure 1 shows a frontal view of an induction electric heater with a local cut. Figure 2 is a profile projection with a local section. Figure 3 - General view of the heat exchanger induction electric heater.

The proposed induction heater contains a flat core of ferromagnetic material with three rods 1 (Figure 1), on which coils of the primary winding 2 are wound. The coils are connected to an AC source. The rods 1 are installed so that the turns of the coils 2 of the primary winding are located in a horizontal plane with an air gap for cooling. The secondary winding is a heat exchanger, which is made in the form of three sealed hollow cylindrical chambers, the first - 3, second - 4, third - 5, for heating the fluid in them, installed around the corresponding core core 1. On the primary winding 2 there is a shell insulation 6 Sealed hollow cylindrical chambers 3, 4, 5 also have thermal insulation 7, made on the basis of borosilicate glass. Sealed cylindrical chambers 3, 4, 5 have the same dimensions. Each chamber is made of two cylinders of different diameters - a larger diameter 8, the size of which is 280 mm, a smaller diameter 9, the size of which is 200 mm. The thickness L of the chambers (the size of the upper and lower end caps 12) in this case is 40 mm. The height H of the chambers 3, 4, 5 is 534 mm, and the ratio of the height of the chamber to the thickness of the chamber is 13.35 (Figure 2). Chambers 3, 4, 5 are installed parallel to each other and concentrically to the rods 1 with the primary winding 2.

The induction fluid heater has a pipe 10 for supplying fluid to the chambers 3, 4, 5 for heating, which is installed at the bottom of the induction heater, a pipe 11 for the outlet of the fluid is installed at the top of the heater.

The pipeline 10 has two nozzles 13 and 14 for fluid inlet into the first chamber 3 and the second chamber 4 for heating, and the end 15, directly connected to the chamber 5, installed in the lower cylindrical part of the chambers, touching the lower end caps 12 (Figure 3 ) The nozzles 13, 14 are connected in parallel to each other to the pipeline 10. The end 15 of the pipeline 10 is connected by smoothly bending it to the third chamber 5 for heating along the fluid supply. The end 16 of the fluid outlet pipe 11 is connected by smooth bending to the first heating chamber 3, and two nozzles 17, 18 for fluid exit from the second 4 and third chambers 5 are connected in parallel to the pipe 11 and are installed in the upper cylindrical part of the chambers upper end caps 12 (Figure 3).

Thus, the chambers for heat heating are combined by pipelines 10 and 11 and pipes connected to them, for supplying and exiting the heated fluid.

The proposed induction heater operates as follows.

After filling chambers 3, 4, 5 with a heated fluid using a pipeline 10, the primary winding 2 is connected to a three-phase current network using an electromagnetic starter, the required heating temperature is set using the temperature control unit.

In the ferromagnetic core with the rods 1, an alternating magnetic flux is created, with which each cylindrical chamber 3, 4, 5 is inductively connected, with the formation of a closed loop around the corresponding core rod 1. Under the influence of these fluxes (time-varying), the surfaces of the cylinders 8 and 9 are induced currents causing them to heat up. Heat from the heated surfaces of the cylinders 8 and 9 is transferred to the fluid entering the three sealed chambers 3, 4, 5 through the pipe 10 and flowing out through the pipe 11.

The proposed induction heater allows to increase the efficiency and power factor of the induction heater and to provide the possibility of its use in systems with natural circulation, as well as when heating fluids with forced circulation to high temperatures and increases the service life.

Claims (8)

1. An induction fluid heater, including a three-phase transformer with a ferromagnetic core, with a primary winding located on the rods, connected to an AC network and a secondary electrically conductive winding, which is a heat exchanger for a heated fluid, consisting of three chambers for heating the fluid, each of which made of two cylinders of different diameters, mounted concentrically one in the other, connected at the top and bottom by end caps with the formation of a tight hollow chamber A chamber for heating a fluid in it, inside which rods with a primary winding are installed, pipelines with nozzles for entering and leaving the fluid from the chambers for heating, characterized in that the pipeline for supplying fluid to the chambers for heating is installed at the bottom of the induction heater, two nozzles for the fluid inlet into the first and second heating chambers, respectively, are connected parallel to each other to the pipeline, the end of the fluid supply pipe is connected directly to the third heating chamber along the way fluid supply, a fluid outlet pipe is installed at the top of the induction heater, the end of the fluid outlet pipe is connected to the first or third chambers for heating, the other two nozzles for the fluid outlet from the heating chambers are connected in parallel to each other to the fluid outlet pipe. 2. The induction heater according to claim 1, characterized in that the end of the fluid outlet pipe is connected to the first heating chamber, two other fluid outlet pipes are connected to the second and third heating chambers. 3. The induction heater according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzles and the end of the fluid supply pipe are installed on the lower end caps of the heating chambers, the pipes and the end of the fluid outlet pipe are installed on the upper end caps of the heating chambers. 4. The induction heater according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzles and the end of the fluid supply pipe are installed on the lower cylindrical part of the chambers, touching the lower end caps of the heating chambers, the pipes and the end of the fluid outlet pipe are installed on the upper cylindrical part of the chambers, touching the upper cylindrical part end caps of heating chambers. 5. The induction heater according to claim 1, characterized in that the height of the chamber is 8-20 times greater than the thickness of the chamber formed by cylinders of different diameters. 6. The induction heater according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a temperature control unit. 7. The induction heater according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains an electromagnetic starter. 8. An induction heater according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the sealed hollow chambers are insulated.

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