RU2371588C2 - Gas turbine drive of electric generator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pump.

SUBSTANCE: proposed drive represents one straight-through gas turbine engine comprising axial supersonic high-pressure compressor, center support, turbo-expander with heat-and-mass exchange apparatus and starting manifold, two-zone combustion chamber, staged and free turbines and steam generator. Free turbine communicates with intermediate shaft to make electric generator drive. Steam generator is made integral with turbine guide vanes. Four-stage compressor is coupled, via step-up gear, with turbine intermediate shaft. To cool incoming air to cryogenic temperature (minus 120°C), compressor inlet accommodates liquid neon heat exchanger with vacuum chamber and liquid hydrogen heat exchanger with vacuum chamber that communicates, via cracker, with combustion chamber. Turbo-expander with radial-axial centripetal stage loading device is mounted ahead of combustion chamber. Outside turbo-expander housing, heat exchanger is arranged incorporating control units and communicating, via pipeline, with turbo-expander and, separately, with each compressor stage. Impulse-reaction five-stage turbine is mounted on rear and front supports. Ball-shaped second steam generator is mounted behind the turbine, along the engine axis, furnished with microwave heater to heat water to steam generation temperature connected, via control elements, with turbo-expander starting manifold. Hot hard coal accumulator and combustible (carbon oxygen hydroxides) accumulator is mounted behind the turbine to communicate with combustion chamber second zone fuel manifold. Ball-shaped second steam, hot hard coal accumulator and combustible (carbon oxygen hydroxides) accumulator are arranged successively.

EFFECT: higher efficiency, output and reduced heat capacity.

8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of engine building, in particular to single-circuit aircraft gas turbine engines serving as a drive for an electric generator, gas supercharger or water booster pump.

The closest technical solution to the invention is the NK-37 turbojet engine serving as the drive of the electric generator (Zrelov V.A., Kartashov G.G. Engines NK. - Samara: Printing House, 1999, p.96-97) - prototype.

A single-circuit gas turbine engine consists of a three-stage supersonic high-pressure compressor, a middle support, a turboexpander with a heat and mass transfer apparatus, a two-zone combustion chamber, a three-stage turbine, gas-dynamically coupled to a free turbine connected to the intermediate shaft and serving as an electric generator drive, and steam generators directed to the generator turbines.

The disadvantage of this drive is its low efficiency (36.4%), and the available capacity does not meet the needs of the present.

The objective of the invention is to increase efficiency, power and reduce the metal consumption of the entire structure of the drive of the generator due to the use of hydrogen as fuel.

The technical result is achieved in that in a gas turbine drive of an electric generator, which is a single-circuit gas turbine engine, including an axial supersonic high-pressure compressor (AISC), a middle support, a turboexpander with a heat and mass transfer apparatus and a start manifold, a two-zone combustion chamber, a step turbine, a free turbine, an intermediate shaft and serving as the drive of the electric generator, a steam regenerator made integrally with the nozzle guide vanes of the first stupa no turbine, the compressor is four-stage and connected via a multiplier to the turbine intermediate shaft, at the compressor inlet for cooling the incoming air to a cryogenic temperature (minus 120 ° C), a liquid neon heat exchanger with a vacuum chamber and a liquid hydrogen heat exchanger with a vacuum chamber connected through a dissociator are installed in series with a combustion chamber in front of which a turboexpander is installed, having a loading device in the form of a radial-axial centripetal stage, and a tour outside the housing A cloakroom is equipped with a heat exchanger with control units, connected by a pipe to a heat-exchanger of a turboexpander and separately - with each compressor stage, the turbine is made of an active-reactive five-stage, mounted on two supports (front and rear), behind which are mounted coaxially and rigidly connected by bodies along the axis of the engine a second ball-shaped steam regenerator equipped with a microwave heater for heating water to a vaporization temperature, connected via collector controls rum of launching a turboexpander, an accumulator of hot coal and an accumulator of combustible components (carbon monoxide and hydrogen), which is connected to the fuel collector of the second zone of the combustion chamber.

The proposed gas turbine drive of the generator is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of the proposed gas turbine drive electric drive;

figure 2 shows a neon heat exchanger;

figure 3 shows a hydrogen heat exchanger;

figure 4 shows an axial supersonic high-pressure compressor with a multiplier;

figure 5 shows the middle support with a turboexpander;

figure 6 shows a dual-zone combustion chamber with a start manifold, steam supply manifolds into the combustion chamber;

figure 7 shows a five-stage turbine;

on Fig depicts a steam regenerator with a microwave water heater.

The gas turbine drive of the electric generator is a gas turbine engine containing a sequentially placed liquid neon heat exchanger 1 for cooling air, having a vacuum chamber 2, a liquid hydrogen heat exchanger 3 with a vacuum chamber 4 connected to a dissociator (not shown), the output of which is connected to a two-zone combustion chamber 5 of a gas turbine a drive having a fuel supply manifold 6 with a central partition connected by pipelines to a drive for combustible components 7, and an ignition device 8, four a supersonic supersonic high-pressure compressor 9 connected through a multiplier 10 of the drive gear 11 to the intermediate shaft of the turbine 12 and mounted in the bearing of the middle support 13, which houses the central drive, a turboexpander 14 having a loading device in the form of a radial-axial centripetal stage 15, heat and mass transfer apparatus 16 and a start collector 17, a heat exchanger 18 with control units mounted outside the turbine expander body 14 and connected by a pipe 19 to its heat and mass transfer apparatus an atom, an active-reactive five-stage turbine 20 mounted on two supports: front 21 and rear 22, having a shaft 23 connected by a ball coupling 24 with an intermediate shaft 12 connected through an on-coupling 25 to a rotor of an electric generator 26, a steam regenerator 27 made integrally with nozzle guide vanes of the first stage of the turbine, a second steam regenerator 28 with a microwave water heater 29, installed behind the turbine, a store of hot coal 30.

The gas turbine drive of the electric generator operates as follows.

Heat exchangers 1 with a vacuum chamber 2 and 3 with a vacuum chamber 4 (cold regenerators) cool the air entering the engine, which is sucked up by the first stage of the AECC 9 and is compressed by the following steps to the required compression ratio (Pc), while the temperature of liquid neon (minus 245 ° C) and liquid hydrogen (minus 253 ° C) are kept constant due to the use of the energy of vacuum chambers.

The cooling of the air passing through the neon heat exchanger 1 is carried out due to the branched area of the heat exchanger, high density and specific cooling capacity of neon (3.3 times more than that of liquid hydrogen). Neon, being an effective refrigerant, allows to obtain low temperatures. Neon liquefaction does not present technical difficulties and is usually carried out using liquid nitrogen (boiling point is minus 196 ° C) followed by throttling. The cooling system (neon) is looped.

The hydrogen heat exchanger 3, installed behind the neon heat exchanger 1, before entering the AECS 9 allows you to cool the air to a cryogenic temperature (minus 120 ° C), followed by a decrease in the enthalpy of air passing through the AECC, into which gaseous air is supplied from a heat exchanger with control units 18 the pipeline 19 with the heat and mass transfer apparatus 16 of the turboexpander 14.

When the impeller of the 1st stage of the OSVNK 9 is rotated (highly loaded, supersonic), fixed in the bearing of the middle support 13 and connected through the multiplier 10 by the drive gear 11 with the intermediate shaft 12 of the turbine, the flow velocity increases to 600 m / s and higher due to the reported external energy and a rarefaction is provided in front of the compressor — continuous air flow, self-compaction, and acceleration transform into kinetic energy, followed by transition to pressure energy during compression in the AISC.

From a hydrogen heat exchanger 3, gaseous molecular hydrogen is supplied to a dissociator (not shown), where it is split by an electric discharge with a frequency of 100 MHz into atomic hydrogen, which is fed to combustion chamber 5 during cruising operation of the gas turbine drive of the generator.

An additional increase in the compression ratio is achieved by supplying liquid air from the turboexpander 14 (boiling point is minus 193 ° C). Through a heat exchanger with control units 18, air is supplied separately (in a gaseous state) to each stage of the AECC to reduce air enthalpy. Ultimately, all this is done in order to reduce the specific energy spent on compressing the air to the maximum possible value with the minimum number of compressor stages, thereby increasing the economic effect - reducing the metal consumption and weight of the entire AISC.

Compressed air with a pressure of 10 kg / cm ² and a mass flow rate of 50-60 kg / s is supplied to the start-up manifold of the turboexpander 14 from the stationary unit and the mass flow rate is 50-60 kg / s to the input of the dual-zone combustion chamber 5 and at the same time the starting fuel is gaseous molecular hydrogen, which is ignited by the ignition device 8.

A five-stage active-reactive turbine 20 mounted on two bearings of the front 21 and rear 22 starts to slowly unwind the shaft 23 and transmit the rotation of the ball coupling 24, which is rigidly connected with it, and then to the intermediate shaft 12.

The gas-turbine drive reaches the “small gas” speed. This mode corresponds to the tight coupling of the clutch 25 with the rotor of the generator 26.

Starting with small gas revolutions of a gas turbine drive, the control of the entire structural system (including a dissociator, etc.) of the conversion of molecular hydrogen into atomic hydrogen is carried out automatically.

At the gas turbine drive operating modes, the main fuel is atomic hydrogen. By splitting molecular hydrogen (H ₂ ) into atoms, an energy of 2.14780 · 10 ⁵ kJ / kg is expended, i.e. we have losses. However, supplying atomic hydrogen to the combustion chamber, recombination occurs with the release of heat (Q) (2H → Н ₂ + Q (Q = 2.2 · 10 ⁵ kJ / kg), and a positive balance of the energy increment (ΔЕ) is obtained (ΔЕ = 2.2 · 10 ⁵ (kJ / kg) -2.14780 · 10 ⁵ (kJ / kg) = 0.0522 · 10 ⁵ kJ / kg = 5.22 · 10 ³ kJ / kg = 5.22 · 10 ⁶ J / kg). The recombination energy is returned to the gas turbine drive and spent on heating the incoming air. The resulting molecular hydrogen is burned in the air with additional heat.

When atomic hydrogen is injected into the combustion chamber 5 during its recombination into molecular hydrogen (H ₂ ), the heat is released by an order of magnitude more than with any known combustion reactions.

When molecular hydrogen and oxygen (Н ₂ + О ₂ ) are burned, the specific impulse is 526 s. Upon the recombination of atomic hydrogen (2Н → H ₂ ) and the subsequent combustion of molecular hydrogen, the specific impulse is 2120 s. The atomic hydrogen burning rate is 800 m / s, the maximum flame propagation velocity during the combustion of molecular hydrogen (H ₂ ) in air is 259 cm / s.

During continuous operation of the gas turbine drive, water gas (a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen) is supplied to the second zone of the combustion chamber 5 from the storage of combustible components 7. The calorific value of water gas is 1.1723 · 10 ⁷ J / m ³ . The formation of water gas is accompanied by the absorption of heat, so the coal cools. To prevent this from happening, through the tubes laid inside the hot coal storage 30, a high-temperature gas continuously flows from the first stage of the active-reactive turbine 20 to maintain the temperature of the hot coal at an optimal level.

From the steam regenerator 27, which is integral with the guide vanes of the first stage of the active-reactive turbine 20, water vapor is supplied through the manifold 6 with nozzles located on the outer casing of the combustion chamber 5 at a required pressure and temperature above or equal to 1000 ° C into the space between the outer housing of the combustion chamber 5 and the flame tube for preheating cold air entering the loading device of stage 15 in the form of a radial-axial centripetal stage of the turboexpander 14.

The use of water gas and steam energy in a gas turbine drive is caused, on the one hand, to prevent burnout in the parts of the flame tube and the outer housing of the combustion chamber (atomic hydrogen has a very high combustion temperature), and on the other hand, using the thermal energy of water gas and steam , thereby reducing the consumption of atomic hydrogen, which contributes to the saving of hard-to-get, expensive environmentally friendly fuel.

The energy of the gas stream leaving the nozzle behind the turbine can be utilized for heating greenhouses, residential premises, utility buildings and used in a waste heat boiler with the installation of a heat turbine and generator.

Claims (1)

A gas turbine drive of an electric generator, which is a single-circuit gas turbine engine, including an axial supersonic high-pressure compressor (AISC), a middle support, a turboexpander with a heat-mass transfer apparatus and a start manifold, a dual-zone combustion chamber, a step-by-step turbine on two supports, a free turbine connected to an intermediate shaft connected to an intermediate turbine connected to the intermediate shaft which serves as the drive of the electric generator, a steam regenerator, integral with the nozzle guide vanes of the turbine, characterized in that the compressor is made n four-stage and connected through a multiplier to the intermediate shaft of the turbine, at the compressor inlet, for cooling the incoming air to a cryogenic temperature (minus 120 ° C), a liquid neon heat exchanger with a vacuum chamber and a liquid hydrogen heat exchanger with a vacuum chamber connected through a dissociator to the chamber are installed in series combustion, in front of which a turboexpander is installed, having a loading device in the form of a radial-axial centripetal stage, and heat is installed outside the turbine expander a belt-driven apparatus with control units, connected by a pipeline to a heat and oil-exchange apparatus of a turboexpander and separately - with each compressor stage, the turbine is made of an active-reactive five-stage, mounted on two supports (front and rear), behind which the axes of the engine are mounted coaxially and rigidly connected by housings a second ball-shaped steam regenerator equipped with a microwave heater for heating water to a vaporization temperature, connected through the controls to a turboexpander launch collector, akopitel hot coal and storage of combustible components (carbon monoxide and hydrogen), which is connected to a second fuel manifold of the combustion chamber zones.

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