RU2371425C1 - Method of preparing fertiliser using organic wastes from livestock farming, poultry farming and plant growing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: biomass is separated into fractions, and disinfection is done at the same time with detoxification of the liquid fraction in an electrolysis cell with insoluble electrodes, and a solid fraction - by treatment with ozone-air mixture and ultraviolet radiation.

EFFECT: more efficient disinfection and detoxification of dung and poultry droppings in order to provide for sanitary-hygienic labour conditions in production facilities and cutting on hazardous emissions into the environment when preparing organic fertilisers using wastes from livestock farming, poultry farming and plant growing.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the protection of the environment, in particular to methods for disinfecting and detoxifying manure and bird droppings in the preparation of organic fertilizers from animal waste, poultry and crop production.

A known method of disinfecting fresh manure of livestock and poultry enterprises (see patent RU No. 2031086, CL CO2 11/18, 1995). The method is based on the disinfection of fresh manure with a differential pressure created in an airtight volume. With a sharp pressure drop, hypertonic necrosis of living microorganisms occurs. Biogas manure processing products are released into the atmosphere.

A known method of disinfection of livestock and poultry waste (see patent RU No. 2249580, class C05F 3/00, 2005) by heat treatment of waste by mixing them with hot finely porous fillers with further composting of biomass. As a bulk carbon-containing filler, compost material is used - a product of biothermal processing of municipal solid waste with a temperature of 75 ° C.

A known method of disinfecting liquid organic waste of animal husbandry and recycled water using electro-acoustic disinfectant (see patent RU No. 2098933, CL A01C 3/00, C05F 3/06, 1997). The bactericidal effect of the electro-acoustic disinfectant is provided by the creation of an electro-activation effect and ultrasonic vibrations in the medium.

Known methods for disinfecting livestock and poultry wastes have a significant drawback - gas contamination of workrooms with toxic decomposition products of processed waste: phosphines, hydrogen sulfide, mercaptans, ammonia, as well as pathogenic microflora.

The closest analogue of the claimed method is a method for producing fertilizer from organic waste from animal husbandry, poultry farming and plant growing (see patent RU No. 2235706, class C05F 3/00, 2004).

The method includes: mixing into a homogeneous biomass of manure, bird droppings and shredded plant waste; separation of biomass into liquid and solid fractions by self-flowing liquid from biomass and collecting it in a drive; separate disinfection of liquid and solid fractions by biothermal fermentation. The liquid fraction is disinfected by anaerobic fermentation in a collection at a temperature of 35-40 ° C for 2-3 days. The solid fraction is disinfected by aerobic fermentation in open shoulders at a temperature of 65-70 ° C.

The disadvantages of the method:

- increased gas contamination of the working area with toxic gaseous fermentation products, in particular phosphines, hydrogen sulfide, mercaptans, ammonia;

- infection of the working area with heat-resistant pathogenic microorganisms. It is known that heat-resistant microorganisms do not die even at temperatures above 100 ° C.

The aim of this invention is to develop an effective technology for the disinfection and detoxification of manure and poultry manure to ensure sanitary and hygienic working conditions in production facilities and to reduce harmful emissions into the environment when preparing organic fertilizers from animal waste, poultry and crop production.

The problem is solved in that in a method for preparing fertilizer from organic waste from animal husbandry, poultry farming and plant growing, including mixing manure and bird droppings with crushed vegetable waste into a homogeneous biomass, separation of biomass into liquid and solid fractions, separate decontamination of fractions by biothermal fermentation, according to the invention, Before biothermal fermentation, the biomass is separated into liquid and solid fractions, while the liquid fraction is decontaminated and detoxified. by treatment in an electrolyzer with insoluble electrodes, then it is seeded with microorganism strains by aerobic and / or anaerobic fermentation and loaded into the decontaminated ozone-air mixture and ultraviolet radiation, then the moistened solid fraction is loaded into the bio-drum, stirred and the enzymatic process is heated by heating air, then discharged into piles.

The inventive method of preparing fertilizer from organic waste, in which manure, poultry manure with crushed vegetable waste are mixed into a homogeneous biomass, separation of biomass into liquid and solid fractions, separate disinfection of fractions, has the following characteristics that are distinctive from the known method adopted for the prototype:

- the first - separation of biomass into fractions is carried out by separation, which significantly speeds up the process of separation of biomass into solid and liquid fractions and thereby reduces the gas contamination of the working area by toxic emissions of anaerobic fermentation products of the initial biomass;

- the second - disinfection with simultaneous detoxification of the liquid fraction is carried out in an electrolyzer with insoluble electrodes.

Under the action of the interelectrode discharge and intermediate products of electrolysis: hydrogen radicals, oxygen, hydroxyl groups, the protective shell of microorganisms is destroyed, irreversible destruction of enzyme, protein systems and DNA. The efficiency of suppressing pathogenic microflora in the working area of the electrolyzer is up to 99.9%.

Detoxification (neutralization) of water-soluble products of anaerobic fermentation (natural rotting) of manure and bird droppings: phosphine (PH ₃ ), phosphines (R-PH ₂ ), hydrogen sulfide (H ₂ S), mercaptans (R-SH), ammonia (NH ₃ ) occurs in the process of oxidation of these products in the anode space of the cell and goes to the formation of phosphoric, sulfuric, nitric acids and their derivatives, respectively, according to the equations:

where R is alkyl, aryl, heteryl.

Acids formed during oxidation are neutralized by the bases of the liquid fraction, in particular, with ammonia with the formation of non-toxic middle, acidic, basic salts, which are included in the mineral component of organic fertilizers.

- the third - before biothermal enzymatic disinfection, the solid fraction is treated with an ozone-air mixture and ultraviolet radiation in order to disinfect and detoxify it.

Like the liquid fraction, the solid fraction containing manure and bird droppings is a concentrated source of pathogenic microorganisms and gaseous toxic substances. The use of ozone for disinfection and detoxification of the solid fraction is determined by the following expediency. On the one hand, ozone is the strongest after fluorine and environmentally friendly oxidizing agent. The bactericidal and antiviral effect of ozone extends to all types of pathogenic microflora. The effectiveness of the antimicrobial, fungicidal, sporocidal properties of ozone in direct contact and optimal concentration is 99.99%.

The immediate causes of the death of bacteria and viruses under the action of ozone are local damage to the plasma membrane of microorganisms and a change in their intracellular contents: oxidation of proteins, impaired cellular mechanisms.

On the other hand, ozone, as an energetic oxidizing agent of chemical compounds, oxidizes toxic products of natural rot: phosphine, phosphines, hydrogen sulfide, mercaptans, ammonia to phosphoric, sulfuric, sulfuric, nitric acids and their derivatives, respectively, according to the following equations:

3PH ₃ + 4O ₃ → 3H ₃ PO ₄ ;

3R-PH ₂ + 4O ₃ → 3R-H ₂ PO ₄ ;

3H ₂ S + 4O ₃ → 3H ₂ SO ₄ ;

H ₂ S + O ₃ → H ₂ SO ₃ ;

R-SH + O ₃ → R-SO ₃ H;

3R-SH + 4O ₃ → 3R-HSO ₄ ;

NH ₃ + O ₃ → HNO ₃ + H ₂ O.

In quantitative terms, only ammonia is slightly oxidized due to its high redox potential.

Acids formed during oxidation give non-toxic ammonium salts with an excess of ammonia.

Since the disinfecting efficiency of ozone is determined by direct contact of ozone with an object, in particular with the surface of biomass particles, in order to increase the degree of disinfection of biomass, the invention provides for additional treatment with ultraviolet radiation.

Ultraviolet rays with a wavelength of 205-310 nm have the greatest bactericidal effect. Viruses and bacteria in a vegetative form (sticks, cocci) are more sensitive to the effects of UV radiation (UVI). Fungi and simple microorganisms are less sensitive. The most resistant are the spore forms of bacteria and fungi.

The death of microorganisms on surfaces directly located 2 m from a pulsed UVI source after 15 minutes reaches 99.99% at a dose of 50 mJ / cm ² . Moreover, on surfaces turned to the source by 45-90 degrees, the death of microbes varies already within 57.6-99.99%.

The disinfecting effect of ultraviolet radiation is mainly due to photochemical reactions, which result in irreversible damage to DNA, RNA and cell membranes, which causes the death of microorganisms. Ultraviolet rays propagate in a straight line and act mainly on nucleic acids, exerting both lethal and mutagenic effects on microorganisms. Only those rays that are adsorbed by the protoplasm of the microcell possess bactericidal properties.

To ensure the maximum effect of disinfecting the surface of the particles of the solid fraction, they are continuously turned over. The latter is achieved by moving the solid fraction along the production line using a screw - in the case of treatment with an ozone-air mixture - and a vibrating table - in the case of ultraviolet radiation.

- the fourth - after disinfection and detoxification, immediately before laying in the shoulders, the solid fraction is seeded with the necessary strains of enzymes, moistened with a neutralized liquid fraction and subjected to enzymatic activation in a bio-drum at 45-55 ° С.

Using the proposed method for the preparation of fertilizers from organic waste reduces the emission of toxic gaseous products and pathogenic microorganisms into the environment, provides sanitary and hygienic working conditions in production rooms and creates the conditions for the accelerated production of environmentally friendly organic fertilizer from animal waste, poultry farming and plant material.

The inventive method of preparing fertilizers from organic waste of animal husbandry, poultry and plant growing, including mixing manure, bird droppings with crushed vegetable waste into a homogeneous biomass, separation of biomass into solid and liquid fractions, separate disinfection of liquid and solid fractions by biothermal fermentation, differs from the well-known accepted for the prototype, in that before biothermal fermentation, the separation of biomass into fractions is carried out by separation; disinfection and detoxification of the liquid fraction is carried out by treatment in an electrolyzer with insoluble electrodes, and the solid fraction is treated with an ozone-air mixture and ultraviolet radiation; the liquid fraction after disinfection and detoxification is seeded with strains of microorganisms of aerobic and anaerobic fermentation and returned to the solid fraction treated with the ozone-air mixture and ultraviolet radiation; further, before unloading into the shoulders, the moistened solid fraction is loaded into a bio-drum, mixed, the enzymatic process is activated by heating with warm air.

A comparable analysis of the proposed solution with the known allows us to conclude that the proposed solution meets the criteria of the invention of "novelty."

From the patent and scientific literature, there is no known method in which disinfection from pathogenic microflora and detoxification of toxic products of anaerobic fermentation of the liquid fraction by electrolysis in an electrolyzer with insoluble electrodes and the solid fraction by ozone-air mixture and ultraviolet irradiation, which allows to achieve the described effect, are carried out.

Thus, the proposed technical solution meets the criterion of "inventive step".

The claimed technical solution can be used in agriculture for the accelerated preparation of organic fertilizers from waste from livestock, poultry and crop production.

Thus, the proposed technical solution meets the criterion of "industrial applicability".

The inventive method of preparing fertilizer from organic waste is carried out using a device, a diagram of which is shown in the drawing.

The device comprises a biomass mixer 1, a separator 2, a storage tank for the liquid fraction 3, an electrolyzer 4, a container for the neutralized liquid fraction 5, a seed tank 6, a belt conveyor for the solid fraction 7, a grinder 8, a screw device with a casing 9, an ozonizer 10, a vibrating table 11 , ultraviolet lamps 12, auger conveyor 13, sprinkler 14, bio drum 15, blower 16, belt conveyor-stacker 17, collars 18.

The method of preparation of fertilizers from organic waste is as follows and is illustrated by example.

Manure, bird droppings (in the form of pulp) and crushed vegetable waste are fed into mixer 1. Organic waste in the form of pulp is mixed to a homogeneous biomass and pumped into separator 2 to separate the biomass into liquid and solid fractions. The liquid fraction with a ratio of phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium -1.4: 1.0: 1.6 and a colloidal suspended solids content of at least 1% is supplied to the averaging tank 3, then to the electrolyzer with insoluble electrodes. The electrochemical treatment of the liquid fraction is carried out at a current density on the electrodes of 2 A / dm ² , the area of the electrodes is 0.5 m ² per 1 m ³ / hour of the treated liquid, with a distance between the electrodes of 30 mm, the liquid is treated for 5-10 minutes. The neutralized liquid and detoxified fraction is collected in a container 5 and then pumped into a sowing tank 6, where they are inoculated with aerobic or anaerobic fermentation microorganism strains and returned to the solid fraction (screw 13) through irrigation device 14. The excess of neutralized liquid is used for irrigation of crops.

Separated solid fraction: porous, friable biomass with low adhesion from separator 2 is fed to a conveyor belt 7 and to a grinder 8 with output grinding parameters of 5-25 mm.

The crushed biomass is fed into the screw device 9, where the solid fraction is decontaminated and detoxified by pumping the ozone-air mixture from the ozonizer 10 through the screw device. The ratio of ozone in the ozone-air mixture and hydrogen sulfide to mercaptans in biogas emissions of the solid phase is 2-4: 1, respectively. The degree of disinfection and detoxification of the solid fraction is regulated by the concentration of ozone in the ozone-air mixture, its pumping speed through the screw device and the contact time. When leaving the screw device 9, the solid fraction falls onto an inclined vibration table 11 with ultraviolet lamps 12 fixed above it, where additional disinfection of the biomass from pathogenic microflora is performed. Technical characteristics of ultraviolet emitters: wavelength range from 185 to 400 nm, the duration of the radiation pulse from 1 μs to 10 ms, the density of the pulsed radiation power up to 120 kW / m ² .

Further disinfection of the solid fraction is carried out through biothermal fermentation. For this purpose, the solid fraction is moved from the vibrating table 11 to the screw conveyor 13. When moving in the conveyor, it is enriched through the sprinkler 14 with fermentation strains from the sowing tank 6 and moistened with the liquid fraction and discharged into the bio drum 15. In the bio drum, the moistened solid fraction is moved and mixed, heated to temperature 45-55 ° C with warm air from the blower 16 until the enzymatic process is activated and, when leaving the bio-drum, it is placed in the shoulders 17 for ripening for 45-60 days.

Claims (1)

A method of preparing fertilizer from organic waste from animal husbandry, poultry farming and plant growing, including mixing the waste into a homogeneous mass, separating the biomass into liquid and solid fractions by biothermal fermentation, characterized in that before biothermal fermentation, the biomass is separated into liquid and solid fractions, while the liquid fraction is decontaminated and detoxified by treatment in an electrolyzer with insoluble electrodes, then it is inoculated with microbial strains of aerobic and / or anaerobic fermentation it is loaded into the solid fraction decontaminated by the ozone-air mixture and ultraviolet radiation, after that the moistened solid fraction is loaded into the bio-drum, mixed and the enzymatic process is activated by heating with warm air, then discharged into burts.

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