RU2371078C2 - Endoscope - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention concerns medical equipment. An endoscope comprises an internal element and an external tube. The internal element represents a tube of compound section. Said compound section comprises a trapeze with concave base which bears the external tube in three points along the full length thereby making three separated chambers between the external tube and the internal element. Two of said chambers are arranged from both sides of the internal element with forming channels for fluid supply or removal, while an optical channel provided in the middle of the internal element forms the other irregular shaped chambers of equal areas filled with optical fibre herewith forming lighting channels. A tool channel is formed between the concave lower face of the internal element and the internal surface of the external tube.

EFFECT: present invention ensures simplicity of cleaning the fluid supply and removal channels due to simplification of the internal element and its production technique, and greater effective sectional area of the external tube.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of endoscopes and is used in endoscopic surgery, in particular to the field of endoscopes with constant washing. This type of endoscope is used in hysteroscopy and cystourethroscopy for operations in a liquid medium under simultaneous visual control.

There are known constructions of endoscopes, consisting of an optical channel for transmitting images of internal organs to the eye or video system, a lighting channel for transmitting light from a light source into the human body, a channel for supplying a liquid medium inside, a channel for outputting a liquid medium outside, an instrumental channel for introducing an endochirical instrument e.g. scissors. Such an endosurgical instrument takes the form of a long cylindrical tube with working parts on one side and a control handle on the other. (“Instruments and instruments for minimally invasive surgery” edited by S.I. Emelyanov and I.V. Fedorov, St. Petersburg, 2004).

A common requirement for such endoscopes is that they should have the smallest possible outer diameter. On the other hand, the larger the diameter of the optical channel, the more qualitative and bright the image through the endoscope will be, and with an increase in the diameter of the instrument channel and, accordingly, the diameter of the instrument, the possibilities of surgical intervention expand and improve. Both the optical and instrumental channels have a circle shape in cross section.

Also a general requirement for endoscopes with constant flushing is the presence of a separate channel for supplying a liquid medium inside and a channel for outputting it outward. Through these channels, the liquid medium constantly enters and is discharged outside, taking with it blood and tissue residues, thereby providing clarity of the surgical field observed through the optical channel of the endoscope.

Known patent No. US 5509892 from 04/23/1996, "Endoscopic instrument" (cystourethroscope), IPC A61B 1/12, A61B 1/307, which refers to endoscopes for continuous washing. This endoscope consists of an external and internal trunk. The outer trunk has an oval cross-sectional shape. The inner trunk has a cross-section contour formed by two semi-arcs of circles of different diameters. These half-arcs face each other with open zones and are connected by straight lines. The inner and outer trunks have such a shape and dimensions that they touch each other at three points along their entire length, forming three spaces separated from each other between the inner and outer trunk. These spaces are used to supply fluid in and out. In the inner trunk, a regular optical tube or rigid endoscope is inserted in place of a large-diameter half-arc, and a working tool is inserted in place of a smaller-diameter half-arc. Between the working tool, the optical tube and the inner barrel there is an additional place for the flow of liquid medium. A conventional optical tube, or rigid endoscope, used with this cystourethroscope, is structurally a coaxially arranged cylindrical outer and inner tube, between which an optical fiber is laid, forming an illumination channel for transmitting light from the light source into the internal cavities of the body. In the inner tube there is an optical channel transmitting the image of the internal organs to the eye or video system.

The disadvantage of this invention is that the outer diameter of the cystourethroscope is too large compared to the sum of the diameters of the optical channel and the working tool, because it is increased by the amount of free space between the inner and outer trunks in the upper part, by the size of the annular zone occupied by the optical fiber in a conventional optical tube, and the wall thickness of the outer tube of a conventional endoscope used in this invention.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed patent is US No. 2001056222 dated December 27, 2001, “Endoscope”, IPC A21B 1/12. It is a permanent flushing endoscope consisting of an external trunk and an internal element having a complex profile in its cross section resembling a kidney (kidney-shaped). This cross-sectional shape of the inner element allows very rational use of the cross-sectional space of the outer trunk. Inside the internal element in the longitudinal direction are located: an optical channel, at least one lighting channel, at least one channel for supplying the liquid medium inward and at least one channel for discharging the liquid medium outward. The optical channel is a cylindrical tube in which the optical system is located. The remaining channels are made in the form of cameras in a general form of arbitrary shape, so as to completely fill and use the free space of the internal element having a complex profile.

More optimal for endoscopes is the presence of two lighting channels spaced in space relative to each other to provide shadowless illumination of objects. Therefore, this patent provides an option for the presence of five chambers inside the inner element: a central cylindrical one for the optical channel, two chambers on opposite sides of the optical channel for two lighting channels and two chambers on opposite sides of the optical channel for channels for supplying liquid medium inside and out . Between the concave side of the inner element and the inner side of the outer barrel is the instrumental channel - a space for introducing the working tool. The shape and dimensions of the inner element are such that when introducing a working tool having a circular cross-section, there is still free space between it, the inner element and the inner walls of the outer barrel for an additional channel for outflow or inflow of liquid. Such an endoscope device is most optimal from the point of view of minimizing the inner diameter of the outer trunk and, accordingly, of the entire endoscope. This diameter is equal to the sum of the diameters of the instrument and optical channels plus double the wall thickness of the inner element.

The disadvantage of this invention is the technological complexity of manufacturing an internal element with a complex profile and is divided in the longitudinal direction into four or five internal longitudinal chambers. At least two of these chambers will have an irregular cross section. If the chambers inside the inner element are formed by installing thin tubes inside, then the useful sectional area will be “eaten up” by the wall thickness of these tubes. If these channels are obtained by installing dividing walls inside a profiled tube, then this technology will be inconvenient, and complex, and expensive. In addition, the partitions themselves also “eat up” the useful sectional area, which could be used by increasing the size of the section of any channels.

Another disadvantage of this invention is the difficulty of presterilizing cleaning of the channels for supplying and discharging a liquid medium located in thin chambers of a non-separable internal element from salts, traces of blood and tissue residues.

The problem of this invention is the creation of an effective device for an endoscope by simplifying the internal element and the technology of its manufacture, increasing the useful sectional area of the outer trunk, and ensuring the ease of cleaning of the supply and removal channels of the liquid medium.

The technical problem is achieved by the fact that in the endoscope containing the inner element and the outer barrel, inside of which there is an optical channel, which is a cylindrical tube located in the center of the inner element containing the image transmission system, two lighting channels located to the left and right of the optical channel, two channels for supplying and discharging a liquid medium, an instrument channel and an additional channel for supplying or discharging a liquid medium, the internal element being a tube having a false cross-sectional profile located inside the outer trunk in its upper half and extends beyond the upper half of its circumference by the lower points of contact of its surface with the surface of the outer barrel, while the instrument channel is located between the concave lower side of the inner element and the inner surface of the outer trunk, and the channel for the removal or supply of liquid medium is located in the free space between the internal element, the instrumental channel and the walls of the outer barrel, the cross-sectional profile of the inner element is made in the form of a trapezoid with a concave base touching the outer trunk at three points along its entire length, forming between the outer trunk and the inner element three chambers separated from each other, two of which are located on both sides of the inner element, forming channels for supplying or discharging a liquid medium, and an optical channel located in the center of the inner element forms other irregularly shaped cells of the same size filled with optical fiber, ormiruya while lighting channels.

To clarify the essence of the device, we will consider Figure 1 is a side view of the endoscope and Figure 2 is a cross section of the endoscope along line 1-1, where:

1 - the outer trunk,

2 - inner element,

3 - castle

4 - cone,

5 - tap of the liquid medium,

6 - shutoff valve

7 - tube optical channel

8 - optical channel

9 - lighting channel

10 - additional fluid supply channel,

11 - instrumental channel

12 - lighting channel

13 - channel for supplying and / or removal of a liquid medium,

14 - channel for supplying and / or discharging a liquid medium,

15 - tap of the liquid medium,

16 - light connector

17 - eye cup.

Principle of operation:

The inner element 2 is inserted into the outer barrel 1 and is fixed with a lock 3 along the cone 4 to ensure sealing. To facilitate the manipulation of the working tool outside the outer barrel, the inner element 2 is deviated from the axis of the instrumental channel 11 to the side and ends with an eyecup 17 through which visual inspection is carried out. The working tool is inserted into the tool channel 11 through a shutoff valve 6, which prevents leakage of liquid medium. Through the light guide connector 16, light from the light source enters the lighting channels 9 and 12, and through them into the human body. The faucets 5 and 15 on the outer barrel are connected through fittings using flexible tubes with a pump that controls the flow of fluid through the endoscope. Through the faucet 5, the liquid medium is introduced into the channel for supplying the liquid medium, through the faucet 15 the liquid medium is discharged from the liquid medium outlet channel. In the center of the inner element 2 in the cylindrical tube 7 there is an optical channel 8. Through it, the image of the internal organs is transmitted to the eyecup 17. The optical channel 8 divides the remaining cross-sectional area of the inner element into two illumination channels 9 and 12 filled with optical fiber. Between the inner element and the outer barrel are two channels 13 and 14 for supplying and / or discharging a liquid medium. Between the concave side of the inner element and the inner surface of the outer barrel is the tool channel 11. In the remaining free part of this space there is an additional channel 10 for supplying and / or draining the liquid medium.

Compared with the known analogues, the design of the inner element is simplified, the inner section of the outer trunk is used most optimally, since the total usable area of the inner section increases due to the exclusion of partitions inside the inner element. Another advantage of this invention is the comparative simplicity of the manufacturing technology of the internal element with a complex profile in the form of a trapezoid with a concave base, but without any partitions inside. Another advantage of this invention is the possibility of access and ease of pre-sterilization cleaning of all channels for supplying and draining liquid from salts, traces of blood and tissue residues, since the outer trunk is removable, and all these channels are formed only when the inner element is inserted into the outer trunk.

Claims (1)

An endoscope containing an internal element and an external trunk, inside of which there is an optical channel representing a cylindrical tube located in the center of the internal element containing an image transmission system, two lighting channels located to the left and right of the optical channel, two channels for supplying and discharging liquid medium , an instrument channel and an additional channel for supplying or discharging a liquid medium, wherein the inner element, which is a tube having a complex cross-sectional profile, is positioned It is wedged inside the outer trunk in its upper half and extends beyond the upper half of its circumference by the lower points of contact of its surface with the surface of the outer trunk, while the instrument channel is located between the concave lower side of the inner element and the inner surface of the outer barrel, and the additional channel for removal or supply of liquid the medium is located in the free space between the inner element, the instrumental channel and the walls of the outer trunk, characterized in that the complex cross-sectional profile cross-section of the inner element is made in the form of a trapezoid with a concave base touching the outer trunk at three points along its entire length, forming between the outer trunk and the inner element three chambers separated from each other, two of which are located on both sides of the inner element, forming channels for supplying or discharging a liquid medium, and an optical channel located in the center of the internal element, other irregularly shaped chambers of equal shape filled with optical fiber are formed, forming titelnye channels.

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