RU2370874C1 - Linear motor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electric engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to electric engineering, in particular to linear electric motors and may be used for drive of batchers, pumps, valves and other mechanisms. Linear motor consists of the following components: cylindrical body (1), in which two integral cylindrical "П"-shaped magnetic cores (3) with magnetising coils (4, 5) are fixed by bolts (2). Shaft (7) is inserted into holes of magnetic cores (3) via sliding bearings (6) with two springs (8), between which anchor (9) is fixed in the middle at the right angle. Angle (9) consists of two disk magnetic inserts (10), between which there is a non-magnetic layer (11). In non-magnetic layer (11) of anchor there are four slots provided for fixing balls (12) with springs (13), which are closed with limiting covers (14) with holes for ball (12). Ball (12) emerges from hole so that to get into groove on internal surface of body (1), when magnetising coils (4, 5) are disconnected. It is necessary for anchor (9) under action of springs (8) to take middle position and be fixed in it. Body (1), magnetic cores (3) and magnetic inserts (10) of anchor are made of soft magnetic material, and shaft (7) and non-magnetic layer (11) of anchor - from non-magnetic materials.

EFFECT: creation of amplitude control, and also possibility to fix anchor in any position within the limits of working travel.

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Description

The invention relates to electrical engineering, in particular to linear electric motors, and can be used to drive dispensers, pumps, valves and other mechanisms.

State of the art

A linear motor consisting of a stator and an armature is known, the stator contains pins on which magnetic bases, poles, non-magnetic bushings are mounted, as well as magnetic hoops, non-magnetic washers, magnetizing coils. The anchor contains a rod on which magnetic and non-magnetic nuts are attached. The axial lengths of the magnetic and non-magnetic elements of the stator and the armature are determined by the alternation of relative numbers 1 and 3 (see AS RU No. 2108651, class N02K 33/02, N02K 41/03).

The disadvantage of an analogue is the complexity of manufacturing.

A known electromagnetic motor containing a cylindrical magnetic circuit, consisting of a housing, a core connecting their flanges, a winding located around the core, and a flat external forward anchor with a ferromagnetic shunt made in the form of a ring, a flat external forward anchor is made non-magnetic (see.c. . RU No. 2159984, CL H2K 33/02, H01F 7/18).

This analogue has the following disadvantages: it is not possible to fix the anchor in an intermediate position and change the amplitude of the armature movements.

The closest in technical essence, the effect achieved and accepted by the authors for the prototype is an electromagnetic motor containing a cylindrical magnetic circuit consisting of a housing, a core and a flange connecting them, as well as a winding located around the core, and a flat external forward-flow ferromagnetic armature with a shunt fixed to the shaft made in the form of a ring, an additional ring is located on the anchor located on the outside relative to the shunt, while in the case on the side of the anchor a prot ovary corresponding form additional rings (see. AS RU №2236744, Cl. N02K 33/02, H01F 7/18).

The disadvantages of the prototype is that it does not protect the internal parts from environmental influences, the bearings are not mounted on the shaft, the armature moves only from the lowermost position to the highest upper and there is no possibility to create intermediate positions of the anchor, high manufacturing complexity.

Disclosure of invention

The technical result that can be achieved using the invention is reduced to the creation of reciprocating movements of the armature of adjustable amplitude, as well as the possibility of fixing the armature in any position within the working stroke.

The technical result is achieved using a linear motor containing a cylindrical body, in which two integral cylindrical U-shaped magnetic cores with magnetizing coils are bolted. A shaft with two springs is inserted into the holes of the magnetic circuits through the plain bearings, between which an anchor is fixed in the middle at right angles. An anchor consists of two disk magnetic inserts between which there is a non-magnetic layer. In the non-magnetic layer of the anchor there are four cutouts for fixing balls with springs, which are closed by bounding caps with holes for the ball. The ball peeks out of the hole so as to get into the groove on the inner surface of the housing when the magnetizing coils are turned off.

The use of the inventive linear motor will simplify the design and expand its functionality.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The drawing shows a General view and section of a linear motor.

The implementation of the invention

The linear motor consists of a cylindrical housing 1, in which two integral U-shaped cylindrical magnetic cores 3 are fixed with bolts 2 with magnetizing coils 4, 5. A shaft 7 with two springs 8 is inserted through the bearings of the magnetic cores 3 through the sliding bearings 6, between which in the middle there is a straight anchor 9 is fixed at an angle. Anchor 9 consists of two disk magnetic inserts 10, between which there is a non-magnetic layer 11. In the non-magnetic layer 11 of the anchor there are four cutouts for the fixing balls 12 with springs 13, which closed by bounding caps 14 with holes for the ball 12. The ball 12 looks out of the hole so as to get into the groove on the inner surface of the housing 1 when the magnetizing coils 4, 5 are turned off. This is necessary so that the anchor 9 takes middle position under the action of the springs 8 and fixed in it. The housing 1, the magnetic cores 3 and the magnetic inserts 10 of the anchor are made of soft magnetic material, and the shaft 7 and the non-magnetic layer 11 of the anchor are made of non-magnetic materials.

The linear motor operates as follows.

When voltage is applied to the magnetizing coil 4, the current flowing in it induces a magnetic field, the lines of force of which are closed through the magnetic circuit 3, housing 1 and the magnetic insert 10 of the armature. In this case, a magnetomotive force arises, which tends to connect the armature 9 with the magnetic core 3 and raise it up. The density of the lines of force in the gap between the magnetic circuit 3 and the armature 9 is reduced due to the fact that part of them passes through the housing 1. This allows you to make magnetic fluxes more uniform and avoid magnetic saturation of the magnetic circuit 3, which ultimately gives an increase in the traction force of the linear motor. The force arising at the anchor 9 of the linear motor is transmitted through the shaft 7 to the load.

An increase in the voltage supplied to the magnetizing coil 4 leads to an increase in the speed of movement of the armature 9. If necessary, fix the armature 9 in an intermediate position, the increase in the voltage supplied to the magnetizing coil 4 is stopped and, at the same time, the voltage is applied to the magnetizing coil 5. In this case, a magnetomotive a force that seeks to lower anchor 9 down. If we continue a further increase in the voltage supplied to the magnetizing coil 5, then the armature 9 will go out of balance and drop down. Thus, applying a voltage of a certain magnitude to the magnetizing coils 4 and 5, it is possible to change the position of the armature 9 from the middle to the extreme upper or lower, as well as to a lower amplitude or to fix the armature in a certain position.

Unlike the prototype, in the claimed linear motor, magnetizing coils can work simultaneously, and not alternately. This is possible due to the presence in the anchor of a non-magnetic interlayer that separates the magnetic systems of the upper and lower coils. This separation allows the magnetomotive forces of the coils to simultaneously act on the armature and change the amplitude of the stroke or fix it in any position within the stroke. Also claimed linear motor is characterized by the presence of a sealed enclosure, which is part of the magnetic system and expands the scope of the invention. The declared linear motor shaft mounted on bearings to reduce friction; the springs on the shaft and the balls in the anchor allow you to translate and fix the anchor in the middle position, which simplifies the control system, since the beginning of work is always associated with the same position of the anchor; the formation of the traction characteristic does not require a design change, but it is enough to change the control signal.

The use of the inventive linear motor will simplify the design and expand its functionality, as well as reduce production costs.

Claims (1)

A linear motor containing two cylindrical magnetic circuits with two magnetizing coils and an anchor fixed to the shaft, characterized in that a shaft with two springs is inserted into the holes in the magnetic circuits through sliding bearings, between which an anchor is fixed, consisting of two disk magnetic inserts with a non-magnetic layer having four cutouts for fixing balls with springs, closed lids with a hole for the ball.