RU2369075C1 - Digging out tool - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural engineering, namely to potato harvesters. The tool comprises a frame, ploughshares and sidewalls with blades. The ploughshares are fitted with steel rods distanced by 26±1 mm from each other to facilitate the preliminary soil tillage. The front ends of the rods are pointed. The back ends are set in the holes of the ploughshare base and are fixed by a plate with screws. The sidewalls with blades are mounted on the frame and can be rearranged and set crosswise.

EFFECT: soil tillage is improved, damage to the tubers and harvest losses are decreased.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to machines for harvesting potatoes.

The closest technical solution is the "Potato digger" (and its variants) patent No. 225212 A01D 17/06. The potato digger contains a digging working body mounted on the frame, made in the form of a standard-sized share for continuous digging of the soil and a separating working body. Slots are made at the bottom of the share. A lump-breaking drum is installed above the share. The main disadvantage of the prototype is that a large amount of soil is fed to the elevators, which entails a number of negative phenomena: deterioration of soil separation, increased energy consumption, yield loss, increased damage to tubers, intensive wear of nodes, parts and joints.

Technical result

1) reduction of metal consumption, mass supplied to the elevators of the soil, energy consumption, soil resistance to a scooping working body, crop losses, damage to tubers;

2) improving soil separation;

3) increasing the service life of the unit, the quantity and quality of the crop.

4) there is the possibility of changing the distance (width) between the walls, consisting of rods (sidewalls).

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the digging working body contains a frame, a ploughshare and sidewalls with knives, the ploughshare having round steel rods with a distance between them of 26 ± 1 mm to ensure preliminary separation of the soil, the front ends of the rods being pointed and the rear ends installed in the holes of the core plowshares and are fastened with a strap with screws, while the sidewalls with knives are mounted on the frame with the possibility of rearrangement and fixing in the transverse direction.

Different varieties of potatoes, as you know, have different nest radii from 8 to 16 cm (1), so the width between the sides of B = 350 mm is quite sufficient in the normal state of the harvested potato field, and in case of abnormal (violation of agrotechnical requirements) a standard width ploughshare consisting of rods with distances between them of 26 ± 1 mm. In this case, the sidewalls with knives are mounted on the frame with the possibility of rearrangement and fixing in the transverse direction. The rods arranged at a distance of 26 ± 1 mm each from each other provide good preliminary separation of the soil with a share width of B = 350 mm due to the fact that almost 90% less is supplied to the elevators of the soil than in the prototype. The front ends of the rods are pointed, and their second ends are inserted into the holes intended for them in the plowshares. There are beads on the rods to keep them from falling out of the holes. The beads abut against the slats attached to the core with screws. The rods are designed and manufactured so that each of them rests on the bottom of the hole and has the ability to rotate around its axis.

The drawing shows a digging tool, containing:

1) steel round bars,

2) a skeleton of a ploughshare,

3) frame

4) plank

5) screws

6) the walls of the rods (sidewalls),

7) knives

8) clamps.

Separating elevators, lump compressors, couplings to the frame and its drive are not shown, because they are the same as in known designs.

The digging working body works as follows: the plowshares 1 rods are loaded into the soil to a depth of 250 mm, since the depth of the plowshares of the potato harvester is directly dependent on the depth of the tubers in the soil (1):

h _max = 20-23 cm.

The skeletons of plowshares 2 are not introduced into the soil, they are on the surface of the field. When the potato digger moves across the field, rod plowshares (Fig. 1) dig up potato rows (tuberous layer), providing a minimum supply of soil to the elevators, which makes it easier and better to separate it, and to separate the potato tubers from it. Thus, the separating elevators are unloaded as a result. The sidewalls 6 and knives 7 are attached to the frame 3. For different soils, the structural dimensions of these links of the mechanism are determined by strength calculations, depending on the applied load on the rods and the skeleton.

Using screws 5, the strap 4 holds in the holes in the core of the rod 1, pressing their shoulders.

The distance (width) between the sidewalls 6 is regulated depending on the state of the potato field and maintained during operation with the help of latches 8.

1. A 3-fold reduction in the consumption of expensive metal for the manufacture of plowshares due to the fact that they are not continuous, consists of round rods spaced from each other at maximum permissible distances of 26 ± 1 mm.

2. The grooves in the bottom of the ploughshare of the prototype have sharp edges damaging the tubers, while the surface of the steel rods is round, which allows the tubers to slide over them without damaging them.

3. According to agrotechnical requirements, the distances (gaps) between the rods are maximally (up to 26 ± 1 mm), which created great opportunities for good preliminary soil separation.

4. During wear or breakage, not the entire share is thrown out, but a separate bar, and replaced with a new one.

5. Due to the sharp ends of the rods and the empty spaces (distances) between them of 26 ± 1 mm, the soil resistance to the ploughshare is reduced by 80 percent or more. Round rods cut through the soil easily.

6. For different soils, the possibility of using rods with diameters corresponding to them in their cross sections has been created.

7. To the separating elevators, the soil is supplied by 80-90% less (with the share width B = 350 mm) than in the prototype.

8. Loss of yield compared with the prototype decreased by 2 times due to better preliminary separation of the soil.

9. The cracks in the bottom of continuous plowshares are clogged with soil and are not very effective; in the proposed design this is not due to the round surfaces of the rods, the maximum allowable distances between them and the possibility of turning around their axes.

Claims (1)

Digging working body containing a frame, plowshares and sidewalls with knives, characterized in that the plowshares have round steel rods with a distance between them of 26 ± 1 mm to ensure preliminary separation of the soil, the front ends of the rods being pointed and the rear ends are installed in the openings of the plow shaft and fastened by a bracket with screws, while the sides with knives are mounted on the frame with the possibility of rearrangement and fixing in the transverse direction.