RU2367684C1 - Powder synthetic detergent (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: first powder composition of synthetic detergent contains (wt %):. sodium carbonate 23-32, non-ionic surfactant 15-21, anionic surfactant 12-16, chemical bleacher 12-17, optical bleacher 0.08-0.11, enzymes 1.2-1.6, boehmite nanoparticles in needle form - the rest In other version the powder composition of synthetic detergent contains (wt %): sodium carbonate 23-34, non-ionic surfactant 15-23, anionic surfactant 12-17, chemical bleacher 12-18, optical bleacher 0.08-0.11, enzymes 1.2-1.7, zeolite coated with boehmite nanoparticles in needle form at mass ratio boehmite/zeolite in the range from 1:9 to 1:1 - the rest In the next version the powder composition of synthetic detergent contains (wt %): sodium carbonate 16-27, non-ionic surfactant 11-18, anionic surfactant 8-13, chemical bleacher 9-14, optical bleacher 0.06-0.09, enzymes 0.8-1.4, caprylic acid 3-13, microcrystalline cellulose coated with boehmite nanoparticles in needle form at mass ratio microcrystalline cellulose/boehmite in the range from 1:3 to 1:2 - the rest.

EFFECT: enhanced washing capacity, absence of the phosphates

3 cl, 3 dwg, 1 tbl, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to compositions of synthetic detergents (CMC), intended for hand and machine washing of fabrics.

Known powdered synthetic detergent (RF patent 2305130, IPC8 C11D 1/83, C11D 3/04, C11D 3/20, publ. 08/27/2007, bull. No. 24), containing the following components, wt.%: Anionic surface -active substance (surfactant) - 8-13, non-inogenic surfactant - ethoxylated fatty alcohols - 2-5, sodium tripolyphosphate - 20-30, sodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate (Trilon B) - 0.5-1.0, polycarboxylate based on acrylic acid - 0.2-0.5, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) (in terms of 100% wt.% Share of the main substance) - 0.4-0.6, sodium silicate (in terms of SiO ₂ ) - 4-6, sodium percarbonate or peroxobo sodium hydroxide (in terms of active oxygen) - 2-6, tetraacetyldiamine (TAED) - 2-4, enzymes - 0.4-1.0, soda ash - 5-15, optical brightener - 0.05-0.4 , perfume - 0.1-0.3, sodium sulfate - up to 100.

The main disadvantage of this CMC is the high content of sodium tripolyphosphate, the use of which causes serious environmental problems - the enrichment of rivers and lakes with nutrients that reduce the oxygen content in water and lead to the death of fish and other organisms.

There are CMCs with a small amount of phosphates, for example, detergent (RF patent 2148079, IPC C11D 1/28, C11D 1/37, C11D 3/20, publ. 04/27/2000), containing in wt.%: A complex disodium salt of monoesters sulfonosuccinic acid - 6-10, alkylbenzene sulfonate - 1-2, sodium liquid glass - 4-6, soda ash - 1-3, sodium tripolyphosphate - 2-5, technical formalin - 0.15-0.3, ethylene glycol - 0, 8-1.5, optical brightener - 0.2-0.3, perfume perfume - 0.1-0.2 and water up to 100.

The main disadvantages of this analogue are the presence of phosphates, although in small quantities (2-5%), and the content of technical formalin (in terms of formaldehyde 0.15-0.3%), which according to the "Sanitary Rules for the Production of Synthetic and Polymer Materials "Refers to toxic substances of hazard class II.

As a prototype, a powder detergent composition was selected (US patent 6080711, IPC C11D 3/06, C11D 3/42, C11D 3/20, publ. 06/27/2000), which is closest to the proposed invention by its technical nature and the achieved effect, comprising from 5 to 80% of an inorganic carrier selected from the group consisting of phosphates and carbonates, from 1 to 90% of nonionic surfactant, from 0.1 to 15% of an acidifier, and from 0.1 to 30% of discrete particles of a bleaching agent, and the particles the whitening agent consists of a whitening agent, an anionic surfactant and water. This invention provides for the preparation of a phosphate-free detergent composition, which follows from examples 1-13 and is reflected in paragraph 26 of the claims, which describes a method of preparing a phosphate-free detergent powder, comprising the following steps:

a) agglomeration of a mixture containing from 5 wt.% up to 80 wt.% alkali metal carbonate and from 1 wt.% up to 90 wt.% nonionic detergent surfactant, where nonionic detergent surfactant is the only detergent surfactant present;

b) drying the mixture to form powder particles;

c) adding to the powder particles from 0.1 wt.% to 15 wt.% of the weight of the detergent composition of solid particles of the acidifier, where the particles of the acidifier is fumaric acid; and

g) adding to the powder particles from 0.1 wt.% up to 30 wt.% of the weight of the detergent composition of the individual solid particles of the bleaching agent, where the solid particles of the bleaching agent consist of bleach and surfactant bleaching agent.

In addition, the description and examples 1-13 of this invention provide for the use of chemical brighteners (sodium perborate, sodium percarbonate and mixtures thereof), optical (fluorescent) brighteners consisting of coumarins, diaminostilbendisulfonic acids, chlorides of diaminostilbenesulfonic acid-cyanide in the detergent compositions , distyryldiphenyls, naphtotriazoylstilbenes, pyrazolines and mixtures thereof, as well as enzymes and perfumes.

The main disadvantage of this invention is the relatively low washing ability.

The main technical result of the proposed powdered synthetic detergent is to increase the washing ability by 1.3-2.0 times. At the same time, the problem of the complete elimination of phosphates from the composition of CMC was solved.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the powdered synthetic detergent containing sodium carbonate, nonionic and anionic surfactants, chemical and optical brighteners, enzymes, according to the proposed solution additionally contains needle-shaped boehmite nanoparticles in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

sodium carbonate 23-32 nonionic surfactant 15-21 anionic surfactant 12-16 chemical bleach 12-17 optical brightener 0.08-0.11 enzymes 1.2-1.6 needle-shaped boehmite nanoparticles rest.

In another embodiment, the indicated technical result is achieved in that a powdered synthetic detergent containing sodium carbonate, nonionic and anionic surfactants, chemical and optical brighteners, enzymes, according to the proposed solution additionally contains zeolite coated with needle-shaped boehmite nanoparticles, in the following ratio components, wt.%:

sodium carbonate 23-34 nonionic surfactant 15-23 anionic surfactant 12-17 chemical bleach 12-18 optical brightener 0.08-0.11 enzymes 1.2-1.7 zeolite coated with boehmite nanoparticles needle-shaped, in a mass ratio boehmite to zeolite from 1: 9 to 1: 1  - the rest.

In a further embodiment, the indicated technical result is achieved in that a powdered synthetic detergent containing sodium carbonate, nonionic and anionic surfactants, chemical and optical brighteners, enzymes, according to the proposed solution, additionally contains caprylic acid and microcrystalline cellulose coated with needle-shaped boehmite nanoparticles , in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

sodium carbonate 16-27 nonionic surfactant 11-18 anionic surfactant 8-13 chemical bleach 9-14 optical brightener 0.06-0.09 enzymes 0.8-1.4 caprylic acid 3-13 microcrystalline cellulose, needle-shaped boehmite coated with nanoparticles, at a mass ratio of microcrystalline cellulose to boehmite from 1: 3 to 1: 2  - the rest.

As nonionic surfactants use Tween-40, Tween-80, Syntanol ALM-10.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate or sodium palmitate is used as an anionic surfactant.

Sodium peroxoborate or hydroperite are used as chemical bleach.

Derivatives of stilbene, for example, Belofor KD, or coumarin, for example 7-diethylamino-4-methylcoumarin, are used as optical brightener.

As enzymes, drugs containing amylase, protease, lipase, for example Everlase / Duramil (4.8 / 12) or pancreatin, are used.

In the manufacture of all three variants of the proposed powdered CMC, needle-shaped boehmite nanoparticles are used, the preparation of which is described in RF patent application 2007101008/15 (001055), prior. dated January 9, 2007, a positive decision on which was adopted on February 4, 2008

Figure 1 presents an electronic photograph of boehmite nanoparticles, which shows that they have a pronounced needle shape.

In the present invention, zeolites of the type CaA, NaA, NaY are used.

The table shows examples of the compositions of the powdered synthetic detergents of the present invention, as well as the results of testing their washing ability, and the washing ability of the prototype is taken as 100%.

Example 1

Powdered CMC according to claim 1 of the claims are obtained by mixing the components in the ratios indicated in the table for samples 2, 3 and 4.

The washing ability of the samples and prototype indicated in the table is determined according to GOST 22567.15-95 on artificially contaminated pigment-oil and protein composition of cotton fabric at a temperature of 40 ° C in a laboratory washing machine with preliminary soaking for 20 minutes.

The table shows that samples 2, 3 and 4 have a washing ability relative to the prototype 137.3-160.2%. With a decrease in the content of needle-shaped boehmite nanoparticles to 6.3%, the washing ability of sample 1 is almost equal to the washing ability of the prototype. Adding boehmite more than 35% is impractical, since this reduces the softness of the washed fabric.

Example 2

For the preparation of powdered synthetic detergents according to claim 2, a zeolite coated with needle-shaped boehmite nanoparticles (FIG. 2) is used, which is obtained by mixing solutions containing needle-shaped boehmite nanoparticles and zeolite previously ground in a ball mill.

The table shows that samples 6-13 have a washing ability relative to the prototype 126.7-205.0%. With a decrease in the zeolite content coated with needle-shaped boehmite nanoparticles to 3.9%, the washing ability of sample 5 becomes worse than the washing ability of the prototype. The addition of more than 35% zeolite coated with needle-shaped boehmite nanoparticles is impractical, since the softness of the washed fabric decreases.

Example 3

To prepare powdered synthetic detergents according to claim 3, microcrystalline cellulose coated with needle-shaped boehmite nanoparticles (Fig. 3) is used, which is obtained by mixing solutions containing needle-shaped boehmite nanoparticles and microcrystalline cellulose.

The table shows that samples 15-19 have a washing ability relative to the prototype 126.7-173.2%. When the content of microcrystalline cellulose coated with needle-shaped boehmite nanoparticles is reduced to 10.9%, the washing ability of sample 14 becomes less than the washing ability of the prototype. The addition of more than 49.5% microcrystalline cellulose coated with needle-shaped boehmite nanoparticles is impractical, since the softness of the washed fabric decreases.

The experimental results show that the proposed powdery synthetic detergent has a washing ability of 1.3-2.0 times higher than the one selected for the prototype, one of the best detergents in terms of effectiveness.

In addition, the composition of the inventive CMC may include well-known additives, such as perfumes, perfumes, water softeners, substances that increase the ionic strength of the solution, etc.

Claims (3)

1. Powdered synthetic detergent for washing fabrics containing sodium carbonate, nonionic and anionic surfactants, chemical and optical brighteners, enzymes, characterized in that it additionally contains needle-shaped boehmite nanoparticles in the following ratio, wt.%:
sodium carbonate 23-32 nonionic surfactant 15-21 anionic surfactant 12-16 chemical bleach 12-17 optical brightener 0.08-0.11 enzymes 1.2-1.6 needle-shaped boehmite nanoparticles rest 2. Powdered synthetic detergent for washing fabrics containing sodium carbonate, nonionic and anionic surfactants, chemical and optical brighteners, enzymes, characterized in that it further comprises zeolite coated with needle-shaped boehmite nanoparticles, in the following ratio of components, wt .%:
sodium carbonate 23-34 nonionic surfactant 15-23 anionic surfactant 12-17 chemical bleach 12-18 optical brightener 0.08-0.11 enzymes 1.2-1.7 nanoparticle coated zeolite needle-shaped boehmite, with mass ratio of boehmite to zeolite from 1: 9 to 1: 1 rest. 3. A synthetic powder detergent for washing fabrics containing sodium carbonate, nonionic and anionic surfactants, chemical and optical brighteners, enzymes, characterized in that it further comprises caprylic acid and microcrystalline cellulose coated with needle-shaped boehmite nanoparticles, in the following the ratio of components, wt.%:
sodium carbonate 16-27 nonionic surfactant 11-18 anionic surfactant 8-13 chemical bleach 9-14 optical brightener 0.06-0.09 enzymes 0.8-1.4 caprylic acid 3-13 microcrystalline cellulose coated needle-shaped boehmite nanoparticles, when mass ratio microcrystalline cellulose to boehmite from 1: 3 to 1: 2 rest