RU2366139C1 - Flat-cutting work tool for soil cultivation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: work tool includes blade with areas of reinforcement layer spread discretely over the external blade surface and directed at an angle against cutting edge. The other blade side carries additional reinforcement layer in similar pattern. Reinforcement layer areas at the other blade side are located in projected points of discrete gaps in reinforcement layer areas at the external blade side. Reinforcement areas are made in the form of stripes and positioned on shovel blade at ±12° angle against drag force direction.

EFFECT: enhanced operational reliability of shovel and reduced drag resistance due to the construction.

2 cl, 6 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to the manufacture of cutting working bodies for tillage.

A known method of hardening a planar cutting tool for tillage in order to reduce wear and traction resistance, in which the hardening is made of carbides in the form of rolls protruding above the surface of the blade and one end of which coincides with the edge of the blade (SU 1611231 A1). The disadvantage of this working body is the low efficiency of such hardening.

The closest in technical essence is the method of hardening flat-cutting lancet paws, including the hardening of flat-cutting paws with a sawtooth blade, on which weld protrusions and non-fused recesses are made, hardened using the high-energy method of heating with high-frequency currents (SU 1493122 A1).

A disadvantage of the known structures and methods of hardening is that the protrusions and depressions are located almost perpendicular to the pulling force, which increases the pulling resistance and increases the wear of the working body.

This is due to the fact that the degree of blunting depends on the geometric shapes of the blade, as well as on the physical and mechanical condition of the soil. In operation, the known hardened working bodies create such conditions that the sliding of the soil particles on the surface of the blade stops and they are pressed into the soil in front of the blade. A crushing zone is formed. This zone depends on the thickness of the blade and the amount of soil friction against steel. In addition, when the blunt blade moves in the soil, the bonds between the particles break and their relative movement, i.e. soil resistance is characterized by internal friction and soil friction against steel, which ultimately determines traction resistance.

The objective of the present invention is to increase the operational reliability of lancet paws and reduce their traction resistance.

The present problem is solved in that a plane-cutting working body for tillage, containing a blade, with discrete sections of the hardened layer discretely arranged on the outside, angled to the cutting edge, is characterized in that the reinforcing layer is additionally applied on the other side of the blade with similar sections, the data being sections of the reinforcing layer are located at the site of the projection of discrete breaks of the reinforcing sections of the outer side of the blade.

The reinforcing sections are made in the form of strips and placed on the blade legs at an angle of ± 12 ° to the direction of application of traction.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of a lancet paw.

Figure 2 shows a section along aa of the hardened blade and the arrangement of the sections reinforced with hard alloy and high-energy heating.

Figure 3 shows the zones along section BB of hardening by hard alloy and high-energy heating.

Figure 4 is a view of the blade along section BB after some running time.

Figure 5 is a view of the outer surface of the blade after some time.

Figure 6 - wear flat-cutting working body in the area of adhesion of the soil.

The plane-cutting working body for tillage is made in the form of a lancet paw 1, each wing 2 of which is made with a blade 3. The blades 3 have an outer side 4 and an inner 5. On the outer 4 and inner 5 side of the blade 3, reinforcing layers 6 are applied with discrete tear sections and 7 directed towards the blade 3. Sections 7 of the reinforcing layer are located at the projection point of the discrete breaks of the reinforcing sections 6 of the outer side 4 of the blade 3.

The working body for tillage works as follows.

When moving in the soil, the blade 3 cuts the layer of soil with its roots. The cut layer moves along the upper surface of the blade 3 and collapses from the back side to the bottom of the furrow, as a result of which it crumbles. In the process of cutting the formation, significant unit loads act on the blade of the working body, the soil is compacted and the compacted area moves along the blade, causing its wear. It is known that the coefficient of friction of soil against steel reaches 0.8. Therefore, when the sections are positioned at an angle of ± 12 ° to the direction of application of traction in the recesses between the hardened sections formed as a result of wear, no “sticking” of soil occurs. This reduces the traction resistance of the working body and the specific pressure on the blade from the soil. The authors experimentally established that next to the zones of "sticking" of the soil 8 (Fig.6), wear is significantly increased as a result of increasing the specific pressure of the soil.

The hardening of the blade 3 is carried out as follows. On a blade of a certain length, for example, on the outer side 4, parts of the hard alloying layer 6 of hard alloy are deposited by the electrospark method by electrospark hardening of different widths (m) with the same lengths between them (n), and on the other side of the blade by the high-energy heating method (high currents frequency) hardened sections 7 located at the place of projection of discrete breaks reinforcing sections 6 of the outer side 4 of the blade 3.

In the process of minor operation, the blade from the side of the cutting edge is formed in such a way that it has not only a sawtooth shape, but also a comb-like one (like a “hardened” tight hacksaw or saw). This shape of the blade (in comparison with the known ones) reduces the possibility of an occipital chamfer at the blade (due to variable hardness along the blade and in cross section), eliminates the possibility of rounding of the cutting edge, which together reduces traction resistance and improves the performance of hollow and pointed paws.

Example. On the SZS-2.1 lancet paw, using the template, a VK6 hard alloy was applied in separate sections (Fig. 1) with a width of 5-6 mm and unstressed sections of 5-6 mm were left (hardness HRCE 53-60). Then, on the other hand, using the VCHI3-160-0.066 high-frequency generator, a special inductor (having a ferrite coating on 3 sides) strengthened individual sections of the lancet foot blade under a layer of coolant and in the same direction as the areas strengthened by the electrospark method, but asymmetrically deposited (hardness HRCE 60-65).

Figure 2 shows a section of a hardened blade and an arrangement of hardened sections with a hard alloy and high-energy heating. After some time (Figs. 4, 5), the blade takes a sawtooth shape with the effect of a “divorced” blade or hacksaw blade.

The test of a flat-cutting working body for soil cultivation was carried out in the field on the soil light loam when sowing wheat.

The working bodies were mounted on the seeders so that all flat-cutting working bodies (lancet paws) were in the same conditions of wear. The operating time for each lancet paw was 9.33 ha, after which they were removed from the sowing unit, cleaned of soil, washed and dried, and then weighed, measured the angle of the occipital bevel, the width of the occipital bevel and the linear wear of the blade of the paw and the results were tabulated .

Table Sample No. Operating time on 1 paw, ha Linear foot wear, mm Width of an occipital facet, mm Occipital angle, degree Famous design one 9.33 3.8 2.41 52 2 3.4 2.2 51 3 3,1 2,35 fifty four 2.9 2.40 49 5 3.4 2.0 fifty 6 3.0 1.9 48 7 3,1 2.5 53 8 3.6 2.7 52 9 3.3 3.8 54 Proposed design 10 9.33 2,3 1.8 37 eleven 2.5 1.75 36 12 2,8 1.9 38 13 2.6 2,8 39 fourteen 2,3 1.7 37 fifteen 2.6 1.9 39 16 2,4 1,6 36 17 2.5 1.8 38 eighteen 2.7 1.9 40 Annealed paws 19 9.33 13.3 15.96 41 twenty 13.7 6.03 42 21 13.5 6.0 40 22 13.9 6.14 43

An analysis of the results of field tests of a plano-cutting working body for tillage shows that the linear wear and width of the occipital bevel decreased by 22-28% and 20-26%, respectively, and several times with respect to the annealed one. Thus, the operational properties of the working body have increased in relation to the known technology for the location of hardened areas on the blade.

This is due to the fact that when using the proposed design features, a minimum glide of soil particles along the blade is achieved and thereby the wear of the wings of the legs is reduced. The cutting part of the blade has a variable hardness, this provides a self-sharpening effect, and the comb shape during the short operation of the lancet foot reduces the possibility of rounding of individual teeth of the blade and crushing of the soil.

As a result, traction resistance is reduced and the operational properties of hollow and lancet paws are improved.

Claims (2)

1. A plane-cutting working body for tillage, comprising a blade with sections of the reinforcing layer discretely arranged on the outside, angled to the cutting edge, characterized in that the reinforcing layer is additionally applied on the other side of the blade with similar sections, and these sections of the reinforcing layer are arranged along the projection point of the discrete breaks of the reinforcing sections of the outer side of the blade. 2. The plane-cutting working body according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcing sections are made in the form of strips and are located on the blade blade at an angle of ± 12 ° to the direction of application of traction.

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