RU2365492C2 - Rotary cut-off machine for longitudinal sawing of wood - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes.

SUBSTANCE: invention may be used in production of machines for longitudinal sawing of wood. Machine comprises bed plate with movable sawing carriage and vertical supports with mechanisms of head clamping and rotation. Bed plate is fixed on vertical supports and is equipped with cable lifting mechanisms, and each vertical support is equipped with coaxially-thrust unit with poppet sleeve extended by power mechanism. Each coaxial-thrust unit is installed with the possibility of rotation and fixation around its longitudinal axis.

EFFECT: simplification of structure and improvement of machine reliability.

7 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to machine tool industry and can be used in the manufacture of machines for longitudinal sawing of wood, suitable for sawing logs into boards, beams, carriages, sleepers, rafters, etc.

One of the promising areas of wood processing is the processing of roundwood directly on or near the plot, which makes it possible to use forest resources most economically and to ensure full employment of the local population in hard-to-reach and sparsely populated places where there are no industrial enterprises, as well as any social infrastructure. As a basis for creating timber processing villages, one could use simple industrial equipment for longitudinal sawing of logs into sleepers, boards, timber, beams, laths, etc. Such equipment should be:

- very easy to maintain and operate due to the lack of local qualified personnel recognized to periodically set up, rebuild or adjust individual nodes;

- very reliable in operation, as any, even minor breakdown can lead to its long downtime;

- universal, capable of cutting thin and thick logs;

- completely autonomous, i.e. able to work without additional rigging equipment (cranes, crane beams, hoists, etc.).

Known circular saw machine for longitudinal sawing wood (see US patent No. 4245535, class B27B 17/02, 1981), containing a frame mounted on a car chassis, equipped with a longitudinal saw bar with a saw chain driven by a hydraulic drive, and vertical supports with a workpiece clamping mechanism based on a hydraulic stop and a chain mechanism for turning the workpiece. Due to the installation of the machine on a car chassis, it can easily be delivered directly to the place of wood harvesting, and the presence of a hydraulic stop and a chain turning mechanism makes it possible to reliably fix a log of any thickness in the supports and easily rotate it to the angle required for cutting.

However, the known machine has a number of significant disadvantages.

Firstly, the machine has a low productivity, which is associated with the presence of a low-performance saw bar with a saw chain sawing the workpiece immediately along its entire length. Such a machine is most appropriate to be used only for bending workpieces, for example, for standard sleepers, the length of which does not exceed 3 m. For longer workpieces, this machine is of little use due to the large cutting forces and low stiffness of the saw bar.

Secondly, the known machine has a low quality of the resulting lumber, which is associated with the cutting of the workpiece with a longitudinal saw chain. The low quality of the cut with the saw chain is mainly due to the low speed of the cut of the saw and the low stiffness of the saw bar, which can bend if knots are present, as a result of which the formation and the sides of the resulting lumber lose parallelism.

Thirdly, for servicing the machine, an additional lifting device is necessary, with which the workpiece is preliminarily raised to the level of the clamping mechanism (about 1.5 m above ground level) and fixed in the rotary supports. Without the availability of specialized equipment, the operation of clamping the workpiece in the horizontal supports of the machine becomes very time-consuming, traumatic and requires several auxiliary workers.

Also known is a simple circular saw for longitudinal sawing of wood (see RF patent No. 2036784, class B27B 7/00, 1995), containing a bed with longitudinal guides on which the wheels of the saw carriage with a saw assembly based on a saw blade with a belt are mounted electric drive, as well as vertical supports for mounting the workpiece with the mechanisms of its clamping and rotation, while one of the supports has a centering stop, and on the other a retractable rod interacting with the screw pair, the screw, which is driven by the handwheel. To rotate the log and fix it relative to the support, the retractable rod is equipped with a rotary-lock lever mechanism.

The known machine also has a number of significant drawbacks.

Firstly, the machine is designed for sawing logs of small diameter and small length (not more than 3 m), although the minimum diameter of sawlogs is more than 300 mm (up to 1000 mm) generally accepted (cost-effective) in woodworking. Logs less than 300 mm (the third cut and the top) are cost-effective to cylinder on special cylinder machines. Therefore, logs of large diameter 6 meters long weighing 1 ... 3 tons cannot be sawn on a machine of this design because of the single-disk saw head, as well as the inability to clamp and rotate the log using the proposed clamping mechanism due to the very large forces exceeding the ergonomic requirements for the control handles unrealistic for long-term permanent work on this machine.

Secondly, in this machine, the log is fixed by a one-way retractable support. But this requires a clear fixation of the log along the length before raising it to the clamp level and very large efforts on the handle for longitudinal movement of the (rather significant) log on the supports (sticking out knots especially prevent this) due to the large weight of the log.

Thirdly, the constructive implementation of the known machine requires after each cut cut off the engine and the return of the saw carriage to its original position, which significantly reduces the performance of the machine.

Fourth, to obtain high-quality lumber, as the authors indicate, it is desirable to install the machine on a concrete base with fastening with anchor bolts. In this case, the machine actually turns into a stationary device. In the field, the bed is made in the form of wooden or metal sleds or trolleys, on which it is quite difficult to exclude the existing backlash of the moving parts of the machine that arise due to mechanical load on the saw blade. This is mainly due to the asymmetric arrangement of the saw carriage relative to the workpiece.

Fifth, installing the machine on a sled or trolley simultaneously leads to a significant rise in the workpiece above ground level, which requires additional lifting mechanisms or an increase in the number of staff.

The purpose of the proposed technical solution is to eliminate the noted drawbacks, namely, the creation of a simple and reliable machine for longitudinal sawing of wood, capable in the field to ensure high-quality sawing of logs of any diameter and, accordingly, weight.

The goal in a circular saw for longitudinal sawing of wood containing a bed with a movable saw carriage and vertical supports with clamping and turning mechanisms of the workpiece is achieved by the fact that the bed is mounted on vertical supports and equipped with cable hoisting mechanisms, and each vertical support is equipped with a coaxial-stop assembly with a pull-out power mechanism - a pinole, with each coaxial-thrust unit mounted with the possibility of rotation and fixing around its longitudinal axis.

The indicated fixing of the machine bed on vertical supports allows to ensure high-quality sawing of the workpiece in the field, while the workpiece itself does not need to be raised high above the ground, but rather roll between the vertical supports of the machine, slightly raised from the ground using cable hoisting mechanisms and securely fixed with coaxial thrust nodes mounted on vertical supports. The presence of two coaxial-thrust nodes with extendable force mechanisms pins can significantly accelerate the process of fixing the workpiece, because does not require accurate installation of the log along its axis relative to both movable pins.

To ensure rigid and reliable fixation of long and heavy workpieces of large diameter, each coaxial-thrust unit is made in the form of two movably mounted and coaxially-conjugated parts interconnected by means of a rotating and longitudinally moving along the rotary retainer clips, the first of coaxially-conjugated parts made in the form of a fixed pipe fixed on a vertical support with an installation flange, and the second - in the form of a movable cylindrical pinole, mounted with the possibility of room inside the fixed pipe, with end clamps of the workpiece installed on one end of the pin, and a movable flange interacting with the power mechanism on the other.

On the day of fast fixation of the workpiece, a hydraulic cylinder is used as the power mechanism, the casing of which is fixed on a rotary cage, and its rod is motionlessly connected, for example, by welding, to the quill.

To simplify the operation of the machine, the hydraulic power mechanism can be replaced by a screw mechanism, consisting of a power screw fixedly mounted on the pins, and mounted for rotation and axial movement, as well as a nut equipped with pivoting arms, mounted for rotation and fixed against axial movement relative to pins with a rotating clip.

To rotate the workpiece by a predetermined angle with subsequent fixation, the rotary clamps are made in the form of rods installed between the movable and installation flanges of the coaxial-stop assembly, while the stop flange is equipped with guide bushings.

To simplify the design and ensure ease of assembly of the rotary cage, it is made in the form of a washer located externally on the coaxial-stop assembly, connected by at least three grippers installed inside the coaxial-stop assembly and movably connected to the end of the fixed tube.

To increase the productivity of the machine, the bed is equipped with a saw carriage with two counter-rotating saw blades.

The specified execution of the machine allows you to reliably fix both short and long heavy workpiece between the supports of the machine and ensure its high-quality sawing into boards, timber, carriages, sleepers, rafters, etc. At the same time, the machine itself, manufactured at the factory, tested for operability according to the acceptance test program, fully ready for operation (not requiring any commissioning work at the installation site), can be installed directly on any soil in the immediate vicinity of logging, which has no analogues among the circular saws used for high-quality longitudinal sawing of wood, and therefore, meets the criterion of "inventive step".

Figure 1 shows a General view of the inventive machine; figure 2 presents the design of the rotary-clamping mechanism with a retractable pinole, driven by a hydraulic cylinder; figure 3 presents the design of the rotary-clamping mechanism with a retractable pinole, driven by a power screw mechanism; figure 4 presents the design of the cable hoist.

The machine (Fig. 1) contains a bed 1 made in the form of an I-beam fixed on vertical supports 2 of rectangular cross section mounted on flat bases 3. A saw head is made on the bed 1, made in the form of a movable carriage 4, covering the I-beam. On the carriage 4 there is a screw mechanism for synchronous vertical movement of electric motors 5 mounted on parallel plates 6 connected by a U-shaped jumper 7, movably mounted on the sides of the carriage in guides and driven by a screw 8. Circular saws are installed on the shafts 9 of the electric motors 5 10. The log 11 under the frame 1 is lifted and held by the cables 12 above the ground so that the longitudinal axis of the log 11 coincides with the centers of the pins 13 of the rotary clamping mechanisms 14. To obtain of a quality through cut, circular saws 10 are spaced in the horizontal plane by an amount sufficient to exclude the through cut of the board 15. To move the movable carriage 4, a device with a reeling-winding roller 16 mounted on the output shaft of the gear motor 17 and four turns wound thereon is used a cable 18, stretched and fixed by the ends on the vertical supports 2. To control the carriage 4 and the electric motors 5, a control panel 19 is used.

Figure 2 shows the design of the rotary-clamping mechanism 14, comprising a fixed pipe 20 fixed to the support 2 with an installation flange 21, inside of which a pin 13 is moved with a movable flange 22 fixed on it, the guide bushings 23 and the rotary latches 24 mounted therein, and also the clamps of the workpiece 25. The movement of the pins is carried out using a hydraulic cylinder 26, inside which moves the rod 27, fixedly fixed by welding on the pins 13. The housing of the hydraulic cylinder 26 is closed flax with screws 28 on a rotating cage consisting of a washer 29 and bolted 30 by three cylindrical grippers 31 behind the annular protrusion 32 of the fixed tube 20. The position of the rotating cage relative to the support 2 is fixed by rotary clips 24 through the holes 33 in the mounting flange 21. Moving the rod 27 is carried out by periodically supplying fluid to the cylinder 26 through the nozzle 34 (when clamping the workpiece 11 with a pin 13) or the nozzle 35 (with a reverse movement of the pin 13).

Figure 3 presents a design variant of the clamping mechanism based on a power screw mechanism, including: a power screw 36, fixedly mounted on the pins 13 by welding; nuts 37 with internal thread and rotary levers 38, fixed from axial movement by means of washers 39, 40 and bolts 41.

Figure 4 presents the design of a cable hoisting mechanism, consisting of: a winch 42 rotating on an axis 43; a drum 44 for winding the cable 12; the lever 45 of the eccentric retainer 46, rotating on an axis 47.

To ensure the high productivity of this machine, three workers are required: the operator on the control panel 19 and two auxiliary workers - for installing the log and storing the sawn boards.

The work is as follows.

The carriage 4 (figure 1) is distilled to the leftmost position (at the remote control). Having laid out both cables 12 on the ground, the log 11 is rolled onto them under the bed. One end of each cable clings to the winding drum 44, and the other to the end of the axis 43 (on the other side of the beam). Insert the removable winch 42 into the centering hole of the drum 44 and raise the log 11 with the winder 42 until its longitudinal axis is aligned with the longitudinal axis of the pins 13. Moreover, the eccentric clamps 46 automatically (due to the eccentricity of the mass relative to the axes 47 of their rotation) fix the drum 44 in this position. Exposed, centered log 11 levers 38 (figure 3) is clamped in the centers in the pins 13.

Let us also consider in more detail the operation of the clamping mechanism 14 (Fig. 2), driven by the rod 27 of the hydraulic cylinder 26. Through the nozzle 34, a working fluid is supplied from the hydraulic pump (not shown) from the hydraulic cylinder 26, which moves the rod 27 together with the pin 13 to the right . The housing of the hydraulic cylinder 26 is fixed from movement relative to the stationary pipe 20 by means of a rotating cage, consisting of a washer 29 and three cylindrical grips 31, passing through the through holes in the movable flange 22 and secured to the washer 29 by bolts 30. The process of moving the quill 13 ends with a reliable fixation of the log 11 (figure 1) using the clamps 25. After clamping the logs, the cable drum 44 is unlocked using the lever 45 of the eccentric clamp 46, the knob 42 is removed, the cables 12 are started to cut the log 11. In this case, the carriage 4 is in the extreme left position. The screw 8 sets the required thickness of the board 15 and turns on the electric motors 5. The movement of the carriage 4 is carried out by rotating the reeling-reeling roller 16, rotated by a gear motor 17, on which 4 turns of the cable 18 are wound, and its ends are mounted on vertical supports 2 . When moving the carriage 4 along the bed 1 and is a longitudinal cut of the log 11. After the output of circular saws 10 from the opposite end of the log, without stopping the electric motors 5, rotate the log 11. To do this, rotary latches 24 is removed from the holes 33 in the mounting flange 21, moving to the left (see Fig. 2), after which, holding the rotary latches 24 as by the handles, the log is rotated to the required angle, after which they are again fixed in the other holes 33 of the flange 21. The rotation of the log 11 is advisable, given the large weight of the log, to be carried out by two workers from both ends, rotating the clamping mechanisms 14. After this, the required thickness of the board is set with screw 8 and sawed off on the carriage 4. The sequence of turns and saw passes can be very different. On one setting of the height of the milling cutters: cut on the forward run of the carriage - turn - cut on the reverse run - turn - cut on the forward run - turn - cut on the reverse run, etc. Thus, it is possible to obtain 3-, 4-, 6-, 8-, 12-sided timber (pillar). Then screw 8 set a new thickness of the cut and repeat the previous sequence.

You can make another sequence of cuts - turns: first the layers (boards) are removed on one side of the log, each time setting the desired thickness of the sawn board with screw 8, then turning the log 180 ° and doing the same on the other side, making the so-called “carriage” and then, turning it (carriage) 90 °, saw the edged boards and, again turning 180 °, make the same edged boards.

There can be any sequence: installation - passage - rotation, depending on the diameter of the log, its geometry both in section and in length. The operator himself optimizes the sawing process to obtain the right products. At the end of sawing, a beam of the desired section and size remains.

After cutting, the pintles 13 are laid back. For this, a working fluid is supplied from the hydraulic pump into the cavity of the hydraulic cylinder 26 through the fitting 35, which moves the rod 27 back together with the pinole 13.

Similarly, the clamping mechanism operates, driven by a power screw mechanism (figure 3). In this case, the operation of the machine does not require the presence of a hydraulic pump with hydraulic switches, as well as their periodic maintenance, which in some cases may be of particular interest to forestry companies, however, in this case, the productivity of the machine will slightly decrease.

The power consumption of the inventive machine is 37.5 kW, the cutter speed is 3000 rpm. The required area when sawing logs 6 m is 8.5 × 1.5 m. When sawing logs 9 m, the required area is 11.5 × 1.5 m. When sawing logs 4.0 m (European standard), the required area is 6.5 × 1.5 m. Machine weight does not exceed 1200 kg.

The machine is transported by truck in an assembled, tested and ready for use form. On site, you only need to connect power.

Claims (7)

1. A circular saw for longitudinal sawing of wood, comprising a bed with a movable saw carriage and vertical supports with mechanisms for clamping and turning the workpiece, characterized in that the bed is mounted on vertical supports and equipped with cable hoisting mechanisms, and each vertical support is equipped with a coaxial-stop assembly with put forward by the force mechanism with a pinole, each coaxial-thrust unit mounted for rotation and fixation around its longitudinal axis. 2. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that each coaxial-thrust unit is made in the form of two movably mounted and coaxially conjugated parts interconnected by means of a rotating and longitudinally moving along the rotary retainer clips, the first of coaxially conjugated parts made in the form of a fixed pipe fixed on a vertical support with an installation flange, and the second in the form of a movable cylindrical pin installed with the ability to move inside the fixed pipe, with one torus end clamps of the log are mounted on the chain, and on the other a movable flange interacting with the power mechanism. 3. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that a hydraulic cylinder is used as a power mechanism, the casing of which is mounted on a rotary cage, and its rod is fixedly connected, for example, by welding with a quill. 4. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that a screw mechanism is used as a power mechanism, consisting of a power screw fixedly mounted on the pins and mounted for rotation and axial movement, as well as a nut equipped with rotary levers, mounted for rotation and fixed from axial movement relative to the quill using a rotating cage. 5. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotary latches are made in the form of rods mounted between the movable and installation flanges of the coaxial-stop assembly, while the stop flange is provided with guide bushings. 6. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotary cage is made in the form of a washer located externally on the coaxial-stop assembly, connected by at least three grippers installed inside the coaxial-stop assembly and movably connected to the end of the fixed pipe. 7. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the bed is equipped with a saw carriage with two counter-rotating saw blades.

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