RU2362291C2 - Surface broadcast sowing device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: device includes flow conditioners in form of nozzles, connected to flexible drill tubes of a sowing machine. Under the nozzles there are reflectors for scattering seeds across the path of the sowing machine. The reflectors are made in form of sectors with a cylindrical surface, whose convex side closes the nozzles from below. The openings of the nozzles have a square section. On the wall of the nozzle opposite the reflector there is a rectangular window on the entire width of the wall. The lower edge of the window coincides with the lower edge of the cylindrical surface of the reflector. The area of passage between the reflector and the upper edge of the window is equal to the cross sectional area of the opening of the nozzle. The nozzles are placed chequerwise with respect to each other, forming two rows across the path of the sowing machine. Spacing of the nozzles in the rows is twice the width of seed scattering by one reflector. In the upper part of the nozzles on the walls of their openings, there are elements in form of projections with an arbitrary shape and arrangement.

EFFECT: uniform surface broadcast sowing.

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Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, namely to seeders, mainly pneumatic.

Known working body for surface scattering sowing of seeds [1], including the rack-seed tube and installed under it a seed distributor in the form of a body of revolution, a curved reflective surface of which is directed towards the flow of seeds of the rack-seed tube and made concave.

A disadvantage of the known device is the insufficiently uniform distribution of seeds over the sown area, due to their dispersion over the annular area (around the distributor).

Closest to similar features to the proposed device is a mineral fertilizer spreader [2], which includes a flow former in the form of a nozzle for connecting to the flexible fertilizer ducts of the seeder and a reflector installed below the nozzle for rejecting granules of fertilizer in the direction transverse to the seeder travel, made in the form of a dihedral wedge, facing the aperture of the nozzle.

A disadvantage of the known spreader is the insufficient uniformity of the distribution of grains over the sown area, since the flat edges of the wedge cannot provide jet fan rejection of grains, providing mutual equidistance of grains during flight.

The objective of the invention is to increase the uniformity of the surface of the dispersed seeding of seeds, mainly with pneumatic feed through the vas deferens.

The problem is solved by the following set of features of the proposed device.

The proposed device, as well as the known one, includes flow formers in the form of nozzles for connecting to the flexible seed tubes of the seeder and reflectors installed under the nozzles for rejecting seeds in the direction transverse to the course of the seeder. In contrast to the known, in the proposed device, the nozzle openings are made square, and reflectors in the form of sectors of a cylindrical surface covering the convex side of the nozzle opening from the bottom. At the same time, on the wall of the nozzles, opposite the reflector, a rectangular window is made over the entire width of the wall, the lower edge of which coincides with the lower edge of the cylindrical surface of the reflector, and the passage area between the reflector and the upper edge of the window is equal to the cross-sectional area of the nozzle opening. In this case, the nozzles are staggered relative to each other, forming two rows transverse to the course of the seeder, in which the spacing of the nozzles is equal to twice the width of the dispersion of the seeds with one reflector. Moreover, in the upper part of the nozzles on the walls of their holes made elements in the form of protrusions of arbitrary shape and location.

The technical results of the invention are:

- uniform distribution of seeds over the sown area, due to the fan-shaped nature of seed rejection (item 9 in figure 1) by the proposed reflectors, which, while ensuring the uniformity of the seed flows descending on the reflectors due to the proposed seed flow formers and with the correct choice of (experimental, theoretical) polynomial curve defining the curvature of the cylindrical surface of the reflectors, provides the optimal trajectory of the seeds when they are discarded. That at an acceptable low density of the mentioned downward flow ensures uniform dispersion of seeds and in the event of their inevitable accidental mutual collisions during passage through the downward flow (since the influence of random collisions is included in the definition of the polynomial of the mentioned curve);

- the formation of the dispersion of seeds in the form of strips covering the entire area of sowing without gaps and mutual overlap. This is due to the geometry of the flow of seeds formed by the windows of the nozzles, and the order of placement of the nozzles relative to each other.

Thus, the features of the invention are causally related to the technical results that solve the problem of the invention.

Figure 1 schematically shows the proposed device in the frontal stepwise section aa in figure 3; figure 2 is a horizontal section bB in figure 1; figure 3 - section bb in figure 1.

The device contains formers seed flow, made in the form of nozzles 1, which have square holes in the cross section. The nozzles 1 are mounted on the cross member 2 of the seeder frame (not shown in the drawing) and are connected to the flexible seed tubes 3 by means of a bracket 4. Reflectors 5 are made on the nozzles 1, made in the form of sectors of a cylindrical surface that cover the convex side of the nozzle holes from below. A rectangular window 6 is made over the entire width of the wall on the side of the nozzles 1, opposite the convex surface of the reflector 5. The lower edge of the window 6 coincides with the lower edge of the reflector 5, and the passage area between the upper edge of the window and the reflector is equal to the cross-sectional area of the opening of the nozzle 1. Pipes 1 are staggered relative to each other and form two rows transverse to the course of the seeder, in each of which the spacing of the nozzles is equal to the double width of the dispersion of seeds with one reflector 5. On the walls of the hole, the nozzle s 1 in the upper part thereof elements formed as protrusions 7 of arbitrary shape and location.

The device operates as follows.

The seeds supplied by the air flow through the seed tubes 3 enter the nozzles 1, where they meet randomly with the protrusions 7 on their walls and randomly deviate, evenly disperse and flow by stream 8 to the reflectors 5 through the lower part of the nozzles with a smooth surface. The seeds that have freely reached the reflector 5 are discarded by its cylindrical surface, form a fan 9 of the flight paths and passing, avoiding collisions with the seeds descending from the nozzle, through window 6 they are carried away by the air flow exiting through this window. And the seeds of the descending and fan flows subjected to a random mutual collision change their trajectories and, like the seeds that have not experienced mutual collisions, are carried away by the air flow coming out through the window 6 of the pipe 1. As a result, at each instant, the reflectors 5 cover the areas in the form of rectangles 10 with seeds, which form, when the planter moves, strips that close to each other in the form of an area sown without gaps or overlaps.

Correct choices of the density of flows formed by the nozzles and the curvature of the cylindrical surface of the reflector ensure uniform distribution of seeds over the sown area.

Bibliographic data

1. RF patent No. 2238627, A01C 7/20, 2004.

2. RF patent No. 2282965, АСС 15/00, 2006 (prototype).

Claims (1)

A device for surface scattering seeding of seeds, including flow formers in the form of nozzles for connecting to the flexible seed tubes of the seeder and reflectors installed under the nozzles for rejecting seeds in the direction transverse to the course of the seeder, characterized in that the holes of the nozzles are square and the reflectors are made in the form of cylindrical sectors the surface covering the convex side of the hole of the nozzles from the bottom, while on the wall of the nozzles, opposite the reflector, the whole wall width is made straight a rectangular window, the lower edge of which coincides with the lower edge of the cylindrical surface of the reflector, and the passage area between the reflector and the upper edge of the window is equal to the cross-sectional area of the nozzle opening, while the nozzles are staggered relative to each other, forming two rows transverse to the seeder, in which the spacing of the nozzles is equal to twice the width of the dispersion of seeds by one reflector, while in the upper part of the nozzles on the walls of their holes made elements in the form of protrusions of arbitrary shape and location.

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