RU2426295C1 - Distributor of pneumatic grain seeder - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: distributor comprises a supply pipeline with a discharge, a sown material guide and a distributor head with discharging nozzles and a reflector. The sown material guide is made of a fine mesh and represents a chute. The chute surface consists of two sections: rectilinear and arched ones. The chute tightly adjoins the inner wall of the supply pipeline with its lower end, as well as the left and right sides. The upper end of the chute is directed into the reflector centre. At the same time the rectilinear section is arranged directly in the horizontal part of the supply pipeline at the angle of 10…20° to the horizontal line, and the arched one - directly in the discharge. The length of the rectilinear section and the radius of the arched section are determined depending on the diameter of the supply pipeline.

EFFECT: distributor has a simple design and will make it possible to increase evenness of sown material distribution along seed ducts of the seeding machine and to reduce labour intensity of this operation.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to pneumatic distributors of seeds and mineral fertilizers of grain seeders.

Known distribution device for a universal pneumatic seeder (AS No. 493201, from 1975, BI No. 44, class A01C 15/04), comprising a distribution head with a dividing cone, a branch, a supply pipe with a guide made in the form of a truncated cone.

However, this device does not provide a uniform distribution of seed over the discharge nozzles, since after passing the outlet the particles enter the vertical pipeline asymmetrically about its axis, as a result of which the main part of the material is fed by the guide to the dividing cone with a significant offset relative to its center. Also in this device, as a result of the difference in the cross sections of the guide and the supply pipe, pressure drops on impact occur, which leads to an increase in the total hydraulic resistance of the distributor, which increases the energy intensity of the distribution process of the seed.

A distribution device is known (RU 2122307, IPC A01C 15/04, A01C 7/04, 1999), including a supply pipe, a housing, a cover with outlet pipes, a reflector in the form of a spherical segment and a flow former with a screw transducer.

However, this device does not provide a uniform distribution of seed over the seed tubes, since the initial uniform distribution of seeds along the troughs of the flow former is not provided, as a result of which the concentration of the air-seed stream in the inlet pipe is uneven. In addition, such a device is difficult to manufacture and has a high energy intensity during operation.

Closest to the principle of operation of the present invention, selected as a prototype, is a distributor of a universal pneumatic seeder (AS No. 217101, from 1968, BI No. 24, class A01C 15/04), containing a vertical supply pipe with a branch, a guide , centering device and distribution head with outlet pipes and a reflector.

However, this device also does not provide a uniform distribution of seed over the discharge nozzles, since the guide is located immediately after the outlet, as a result of which the particles fall into the centering device, and then into the distribution head with a significant speed dispersion, which, in turn, does not allow level the difference in hydraulic resistance of the vas deferens, which affects the uniformity of distribution. In addition, the guide made of solid material significantly distorts the air velocity profiles in the vertical pipeline, which also negatively affects the uniformity of distribution. The presence of a centering device complicates the design of the distributor and increases the energy intensity of its operation, since it increases the hydraulic resistance of the supply pipe.

The aim of the invention is to improve the quality of sowing due to a more uniform distribution of seed over the seed tubes of the seeder, simplifying the design of the distributor and reducing the energy consumption of its work.

This goal is achieved by the proposed device, which contains a vertical inlet pipe with a branch, a guide and a distribution head with outlet pipes and a reflector, in contrast to the prototype, the seed guide is made of fine mesh and is a gutter, the surface of which consists of two sections: rectilinear and arcuate , the gutter is closely adjacent to the lower end, as well as the left and right sides to the inner wall of the supply pipe, the upper end of the gutter is directed it is located in the center of the reflector, while the rectilinear section is located directly in the horizontal part of the supply pipe at an angle of 10 ... 20 ° to the horizontal, and the arcuate section is located directly in the branch, the length of the rectilinear and radius of the arcuate sections are determined depending on the diameter of the supply pipe.

The reflector is located in the center of the distribution head and is a pointed pyramid with the number of faces equal to the number of outlet pipes.

The use of a mesh guide of the indicated geometric shape allows one to separate the incoming air-air mixture and form a seed flow directed to the center of the reflector, while the velocities of the particles coming off the guide differ slightly, and their subsequent acceleration in a vertical pipeline occurs with a steady air flow, which allows achieving uniform division of the flow of sowing material entering the distribution head along the outlet pipes at different hydraulic resistance seed hoses. The use of a reflector made in the form of a pointed pyramid with the number of faces equal to the number of outlet pipes allows one to further increase the uniformity of the distribution of material over the seed tubes at their various hydraulic resistances by creating fans of reflected particles directed towards the outlet pipes. Such a distributor device eliminates the centering device due to the flow of seed to be directed to the center of the reflector, respectively, to simplify its design and reduce the energy consumption of the process of distribution of seed.

The analysis of patent and scientific and technical literature did not reveal technical solutions identical to the claimed distributor of a pneumatic grain seeder, which gives grounds to consider the claimed technical solution as meeting the criterion of "novelty."

The presence of a new design of the pneumatic grain seeder dispenser, which allows to obtain a new economic effect: uniform distribution of seed over the seeder width by directing the seed to the reflector and its subsequent uniform division in the distribution head along the seed tubes, confirms the effect of the new set of signs of the distributor on the achievement of a new a positive effect not previously known, this proves compliance declare technical solution to the criterion of "inventive step".

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in figure 1 shows a General view of the distributor of a pneumatic grain seeder, a section in a vertical plane, in figure 2 is a top view, in figure 3 is a horizontal section of a reflector, in figure 4 is a cross section of a guide.

In the proposed dispenser (figures 1, 2, 3 and 4) in the inlet pipe, which includes horizontal 1 and vertical 3 sections, as well as branch 2, there is a flow guide of the sowing material made of fine mesh. The guide is a groove 4, the lower end, as well as the left and right sides of which are closely adjacent to the inner wall of the supply pipe, its upper end is directed to the center of the reflector 6, which is installed in the distribution head 5. The surface of the groove 4 has a complex geometric shape and is formed by continuous parallel movement of the generatrix along the arcuate guide (figure 4), while the generatrix is a linear section of length L (rectilinear section of the gutter), smoothly turning into an arc at a circle of radius R (arcuate section of the gutter). The rectilinear section of the guide is located directly in the horizontal part 1 of the supply pipe at an angle γ to the horizontal equal to 10 ... 20 °, thus overlapping 50 ... 70% of the cross section of the pipeline, and the arcuate section is located directly in the branch 2.

The length of the straight section of the guide L is calculated depending on the diameter of the supply pipe according to the formula:

,

,

where h is the opposite corner of the γ leg.

h = nD,

where n is a dimensionless quantity (selected from the range 0.5 ... 0.7);

D is the diameter of the pipeline, m;

γ is the angle of inclination of the rectilinear section of the trench to the horizontal, degrees.

The radius of the arcuate section R is calculated based on the diameter of the supply pipe and the radius of the outer wall of the branch according to the formula:

,

,

where R _b is the radius of the outer wall of the branch, m;

d _e - the equivalent particle diameter of the seed, m

The reflector is a pointed pyramid with the number of faces equal to the number of outlet pipes 7 (Fig.2, 3).

The distributor operates as follows. The main part of the sown material by air flow along the horizontal part 1 of the pipeline is fed to a straight section of the trough 4, after impact interaction with a minimum rebound of the particle under the influence of aerodynamic forces begin to slip along it. On the trough 4, due to the lateral slope of its walls (Fig. 4), a seed stream of seeds is formed into a dense stream and its subsequent directional feed to the center of the reflector 6 (Fig. 1), while the velocities of the particles of the seed material descended from the trench differ slightly, which positively affects the quality of distribution. Separation of the air-material mixture by means of a mesh guide allows the acceleration of particles that have come off from it to meet with a reflector 6 in the vertical part 3 of the pipeline with a steady air flow, that is, with a relatively aligned velocity diagram. Reflector 6 (Figs. 1, 3), made in the form of a multifaceted pointed pyramid, allows you to create directed in one plane fans of expansion reflected from the faces of the particles towards the outlet pipes 7, which helps to reduce the effect of the difference in hydraulic resistance of the seed tubes on the distribution quality.

Thus, the use of the proposed distributor can improve the quality of sowing by more even distribution of seed over the seed tubes of the seeder and reduce the energy consumption of the work.

Claims (2)

1. The distributor of a pneumatic grain seeder containing an inlet pipe with a branch, a guide for sowing material, a distribution head with outlet pipes and a reflector, characterized in that the guide of the sowing material is made of fine mesh and is a gutter, the surface of which consists of two sections: rectilinear and arcuate, the gutter is closely adjacent to the lower end, as well as the left and right sides to the inner wall of the supply pipe, the upper end of the gutter directed it is located in the center of the reflector, while the rectilinear section is located directly in the horizontal part of the supply pipe at an angle of 10 ... 20 ° to the horizontal, and the arcuate section is located directly in the branch, the length of the rectilinear and radius of the arcuate sections are determined depending on the diameter of the supply pipe. 2. The distributor according to claim 1, characterized in that the reflector is a pointed pyramid with the number of faces equal to the number of outlet pipes.

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