RU2361640C2 - Device for seperating oil-water sludge and filtered material - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: textile, paper.

SUBSTANCE: invention is relevant for the field of separating sludge and cleaning, in particular, for cleaning industrial, natural and waste water from oil, oil products and mechanical impurities and distributing into regular components persistent emulsions. The device consists of a body, vertical filtering element of cartridge type with a covering and bottom, with a mesh between them, a central perforated tube and a coaxial of fibrous, filtering material. There is cistern for the collation of oil products and a socket for the introduction of emulsions and a drain to draw off separated products. The first layer for the separation of emulsion is made from hydrophobic polymeric fibers in the form of a non woven bag with a crimped volumetric structure, and the second made from hydrophile, super thin basalt fibers. The ribs for the corrugations of the first layer are aligned along the central tube, and the container for collating the oil product is located beneath the cover of the filtering element.

EFFECT: strengthens and separates finely dispersed particles of oil products at the cleaning stage to the level of the maximum concentration limit, including those from industrial and waste water.

5 cl, 2 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of separation of emulsions, as well as to the field of water purification, in particular to installations for purifying industrial, natural and wastewater from oil, oil products and mechanical impurities, in particular for separating water-oil emulsions, namely separation into constituent components of emulsions, which as a dispersed phase contains oil or any other oil products (oils, fuel oil, diesel fuel, etc.), and can be used in many areas of the economy, for example, in oil production, oil refining washing and chemical industries, in sea and river transport for the treatment of bilge-ballast ship water, in the urban sector for the treatment of industrial wastewater from car washes and gas stations and storm water.

Depending on the conditions of formation, oil-containing wastewater (LWW) is a polydisperse system from coarse to colloidal, with particle sizes of oil products from 200 to 0.001 microns or less, forming stable and super-resistant water-oil emulsions. Oil particles of 5-50 microns in size predominate in the NSW. The ascent rate of such particles is very low. Intensify the cleaning process by enlarging the size of the droplets of oil particles by coalescence. The coalescence method is the most promising for the intensification of the process of purification of the LEL from oil pollution.

The speed and depth of the coalescence process can be increased by using special coalescing filter nozzles.

A device for cleaning water contaminated with petroleum products is known, comprising a cylindrical body divided by partitions into three chambers, the upper chamber is partially filled with fibrous oleophobic material, the middle chamber is filled with fibrous olefil material, and the lower chamber is equipped with a fiberglass mesh, a piping system is installed in front of the housing, in which posted coalescing material (RU 2104736, 02.20.1998).

It should be noted that the known device is distinguished by large dimensions and weight.

Smaller sizes are distinguished by filter separators.

Known, for example, a cartridge-type filter with a coalescing nozzle made of one porous and two composite partitions. The nozzle is a cylindrical filter cartridge. The source water is supplied through a composite baffle, on which coalescence of large droplets of oil product occurs, which at the outlet of it are connected into a continuous layer, separated from the aqueous medium in the annular space of the cartridge filter. The porous septum and compositional septum are intended for further enlargement of oil and oil droplets. The porous partition is made either of polypropylene diagonal filament or by spiral cross winding of polypropylene filament onto a cylindrical frame, and the composite partition is a knitted netting made of stainless steel wire or polypropylene filament (GB 1427704, 1976).

This technical solution allows the separation of the dispersed phase from the dispersed medium in continuous operation. However, this device does not allow to isolate fine particles of the oil product, as a result of which a high degree of purification is not achieved.

A device is known that contains a pre-filter filled with fiberglass and a coalescing filter with a multilayer loading of porous polymeric materials with a density gradient in the layers (US 6422396, 07.23.2002).

A device in the form of a filter with a coalescing layer for separating emulsions is known, in which layers of fibers and granules alternate and both organic and inorganic materials are used (EP 0187564, 07/16/1986).

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a device for separating water-oil emulsions, comprising a housing, a cartridge-type filter element vertically mounted in the housing with a cover, a bottom and a mesh installed between them, having a central perforated tube, coaxially placed layers of fibrous filtering and coalescing materials on based on a mixture of hydrophilic and hydrophobic cotton fibers with an outer shell of fiberglass. The device is equipped with a cavity for collecting the oil product, as well as pipes for the output of separation products (V.P. Kovalenko. Purification of petroleum products from pollution. - M .: Nedra, 1990, p. 152-154).

The disadvantage of this device is the incomplete selection of fine particles present in the emulsion, especially in a superstable emulsion.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the claimed filter material is a material of a coalescing cartridge for separating water-oil emulsions, containing one layer of synthetic fibrous material with a hydrophobic surface, a layer of hydrophilic fabric in the form of a pile of glass wool with a fiber thickness of 1-4 μm, a third layer of synthetic fibrous material with a hydrophobic surface having a density half that of the first layer, and a fourth layer of fibrous fabric, with that the individual layers of material bonded needling (SU 1303014, 04/17/1987).

However, the material does not allow efficient separation of superstable emulsions, such as oily wastewater.

The main objective of the invention is to create a device for the separation of superstable emulsions, as well as a material that, when used in a device, would allow for the efficient aggregation and separation of fine particles of oil at the stage of purification to the MPC level, including from industrial and wastewater.

The problem is solved by the described device for separating water-oil emulsions, comprising a housing, a cartridge-type filter element vertically mounted in the housing with a cover, a bottom installed between them, a central perforated tube and a coaxially placed fibrous filter material, a cavity for collecting the oil product and nozzles for input emulsion and output separation products, and as a fibrous filter material, the device contains a two-layer material, the first about the course of the shared emulsion, the layer of which is made of a hydrophobic polymer fiber in the form of a non-woven canvas of a volume-corrugated structure, and the second is made of a hydrophilic superthin basalt fiber, the filter material is placed in such a way that the ribs of the corrugations of the first layer are oriented along the central pipe, and the cavity for collecting the oil The product is placed under the cover of the filter element.

The problem is also solved by the described filter material for separating water-oil emulsions, which contains layers of various fibrous materials with a hydrophobic and hydrophilic surface bonded to each other, the material is made of two layers, while one layer is made of hydrophobic polymer fiber in the form of a non-woven canvas with a volume-corrugated structure, and the second - from hydrophilic superthin basalt fiber.

Preferably, the ratio of the thickness of the layers of hydrophobic polymer and hydrophilic basalt fibers is (2-10): 1, respectively.

Advantageously, the hydrophobic polymer fiber layer has a thickness of 10-50 mm with a linear fiber density of 0.4-2.5 tex.

The material contains basalt fiber with a diameter of 1-5 microns.

Figure 1 presents the claimed device containing the following elements:

1 - housing

2 - cover

3- perforated central tube,

4 - pipe for outputting the oil phase,

5 - a cavity for collecting the oil phase,

6 - two-layer filter material,

7 - mesh

8 - bottom

9 - pipe input emulsion

10 - pipe outlet clean water.

Figure 2 presents a two-layer filter material 6, containing:

11 - a layer of polymer fibers with a hydrophobic surface, made in the form of a non-woven canvas body-corrugated structure,

12 - layer of fibers with a hydrophilic surface, made of basalt with a fiber diameter equal to 1-5 microns.

A method of obtaining the inventive filter material consists of the following operations:

- the formation of the corrugated structure of the bulk layer of hydrophobic or hydrophobized fibers;

- the formation of a layer of superthin hydrophilic fibrous mineral substrate;

- superposition of layers on each other and fastening by rolling or needle-punching.

The installation of the filter material on the perforated pipe of the proposed device is carried out so that the outer wall of the pipe is in contact with a hydrophobic layer of fibrous material, while the ribs of the corrugations would be oriented vertically along the Central pipe.

The claimed device operates as follows.

The purified water containing emulsified particles of oil product (NP) enters through the pipe 9 into the central perforated pipe 3, where it changes the direction of movement and penetrates into the layer of corrugated polymeric fibrous material through holes in the walls of the pipe 6. Here, the flow velocity and emulsified particles decrease, which, in contact with the first layer of material are sorbed on the fibers, coalesce, coarsen and rise along the corrugations to the upper part of the cartridge, where they are collected in a special pocket 5 for collecting oil products. Next, water passes through a second layer of hydrophilic fibrous material, which, when wetted with water, coalesces the smallest emulsified particles of NP. Purified water leaves through pipe 10, and oil products through pipe 4.

The effectiveness of the device in the claimed materials was verified during the cleaning of melt water from oil products.

The characteristic of the purified water.

1. The object. The emulsion was obtained by melting the snow cover from the roadway of the Samotechny Bridge in the Garden Ring area of Moscow.

2. Appearance. A turbid liquid of dark gray color with no visible rainbow film of oil on the surface, with a faint characteristic hydrocarbon odor. After a short settling, a barely noticeable layer of fine black particles appears at the bottom.

3. The volume of fluid is 32 liters.

Characteristics of the device.

1. Total 1,0 l 2. Diameter of the filter element 0.12 m 3. Water consumption (1 l for 1 min = 60 l / h 0.06 m ³ / h 4. The intake of water on the filter surface side view 5. Flow rate (internal) 15 m / h 6. Flow rate (ext.) 1.4 m / h

Control method

1. To determine the content of petroleum products in water, the "Express methodology for measuring the content of petroleum products in water was used by the Lilia L-1-98 installation, certified by the RF Committee for Standardization, Metrology and Certification, metrological certification certificate No. 2420/376-96 from 06/25/98

2. The flow rate was measured using a stopwatch and a measuring cup. The test results are shown in table 1.

Test results

Table 1 The amount of skipped water, l Water consumption, l / h The content of oil products, mg / l entrance Exit 5 60 4.14 0,0385 2 60 3.62 0,0257 1-15 60 16-17 51,4 eighteen 45 19 40 twenty 40 21 36 22 36 23 32,7 24 thirty 1,62 0.02 25 thirty

According to the results of specific tests, it was found that the protective function of the filter material was preserved after passing 32 liters of water, which is 32 installation volumes.

Based on the foregoing, we can recommend the claimed device and material for super-stable emulsions, including those containing oil and oil products.

Claims (5)

1. A device for separating water-oil emulsions, comprising a housing, a cartridge-type filter element vertically mounted in the housing with a cover, a bottom installed between them, a central perforated tube and a coaxially placed fibrous filter material, a cavity for collecting the oil product and nozzles for introducing the emulsion and output separation products, characterized in that as a fibrous filter material, the device contains a two-layer material, in which the first along the way to share emulsion layer is made of hydrophobic polymer fiber in the form of a non-woven canvas with a bulk-corrugated structure, and the second is made of hydrophilic superthin basalt fiber, while the filter material is placed so that the ribs of the corrugations of the first layer are oriented along the central pipe, and the cavity for collecting the oil product placed under the cover of the filter element. 2. Filtering material for separating water-oil emulsions, containing a layer of various fibrous materials with a hydrophobic and hydrophilic surface bonded to each other, characterized in that it is made two-layer, while one layer is made of a hydrophobic polymer fiber in the form of a non-woven canvas with a corrugated structure, and the second - from hydrophilic superthin basalt fiber. 3. The filter material according to claim 2, characterized in that the ratio of the thickness of the layers of hydrophobic polymer and hydrophilic fibers is (2-10): 1, respectively. 4. The filter material according to any one of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that the layer of hydrophobic polymer fiber has a thickness of 10-50 mm with a linear fiber density of 0.4-2.5 tex. 5. The filter material according to any one of paragraphs.2 or 3, characterized in that it contains basalt fiber with a diameter of 1-5 microns.

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