RU2361351C2 - Single-valve contact-free dc machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electric engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to electric engineering, particularly, to electric machine referred to contact-free d.c. electric machines. The single-valve contact-free d.c. machine, which is the subject of this invention, contains armature and inductor. According to the invention, the armature is comprised of two toroidal windings with ferromagnetic cores being electrically coupled between each other. The common terminal of both cores is connected to the d.c. voltage source through the valve and implemented as a fixed element. On the contrary, the inductor is made movable and represented as a hollow cylindrical magnetic core. Four permanent bar magnets with concave poles are put on each end of the above-mentioned magnetic core in crosslike order. By means of small gaps, convex N-poles of the first four magnets are separated from the internal surface of one toroidal winding. The same convex S-poles of the second four magnets are separated from the similar surface of the other winding by the same small gaps. Direct currents induced in generating mode are free from pulsation. Single voltage pulses of high amplitude may be used to design high-voltage units without step-up transformer or multiplying circuits, for example, electric ozonators.

EFFECT: simple design and improved electro-mechanical characteristics of dc machine, reduced price of dc machine.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of electrical machines, in particular to non-contact electric DC machines (BMPT). The closest in technical essence to the proposed machine is a non-contact direct current machine with excitation from rotating permanent magnets. The presence of a semiconductor switch unit, sensitive elements (EMF Hall sensors) in the aforementioned machine not only complicates its design, reduces reliability, worsens electromechanical characteristics, but also leads to its increased cost. In addition, the resulting emf contains a pulsating component.

The technical result of the claimed solution is a noticeable simplification of the design of the machine, improvement of electromechanical characteristics, an increase in its reliability and a significant reduction in its cost.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the proposed design of a single-fan non-contact direct current machine, the armature winding is only single-phase and only one simple semiconductor valve (diode) is connected to it, and the inductor is a rotating group of simple bar magnets.

A single-fan non-contact direct current machine containing an armature and an inductor is proposed, characterized in that the armature consisting of two toroidal electromagnetically connected windings with ferromagnetic cores, the common terminal of which through the valve is connected to a constant voltage source, is stationary, and the inductor is movable and it consists of a hollow cylindrical magnetic circuit, at the ends of which four rod permanent magnets are inserted in a crosswise manner with concave poles, ypuklye north poles of the first four of which are separated by small gaps from the inner surface of one of the toroidal coil, and the same south poles of magnets separated by the second quartet same gaps from the same surface of the other of its windings.

Figures 1 and 2 respectively show longitudinal and transverse sections of the proposed single-fan non-contact direct current machine (OBMPT). They do not indicate the body and end caps of the machine body. The following notation is used in the figures:

1 - a hollow cylindrical magnetic circuit;

2 - shaft of rotation of the inductor (rotor);

3 - toroidal windings;

4 - ferromagnetic toroidal cores;

5 - rod permanent magnets.

Consider the operation of OBMPT in the generator mode. When the rotor shaft begins to rotate around the axis o ÷ o 'from an external engine, the north and south poles of the rod permanent magnets - 5 inductors begin to move relative to the nearest parts of the turns of the corresponding toroidal windings of the armature - 3 and their ferromagnetic cores - 4. At the same time, they are adjacent to the magnetic poles core regions - 4 begin to magnetize, and the magnitude of magnetic induction increases relative to the nearest turns of the windings - 3 anchors, as a result of which one begins to induce electromotive force (EMF) of one of direction. Since the magnetic poles are in motion, an increase in the magnitude of the magnetic induction each time occurs relative to subsequent turns of the armature winding - 3, in which the same EMF is in turn induced. At the same time, in the first turns it drops to zero.

Thus, for one revolution of the inductor in all turns of the windings of the armature - 3, EMF of one direction is induced four times in succession. As a result, at the conclusions of the proposed OBMPT, the resulting voltage will be constant both in magnitude and in sign.

During the passage of each magnetic pole of the gap regions of open toroidal cores - 4 in the armature winding, a short-term pulse of a backward EMF with a large amplitude is induced. However, it does not pass the valves on the common output of the armature windings to the external circuit. At the same time, magnetization reversal of ferromagnetic cores - 4 toroidal solenoids takes place. If necessary, only these reverse short-term EMF pulses can be passed into the external circuit, if the terminals of the valve in the armature winding circuit are interchanged. The magnitude of the induced EMF will depend on the magnitude of the speed of rotation of the inductor.

In motor mode, the proposed OBMPT works in the following order. When applying to the general conclusions of the toroidal windings of the armature - 3 constant voltage through the turns of the windings - 3 anchors, electric currents of one direction will flow. Then the resulting magnetic field created by the rod permanent magnets - 5 of the inductor begins to interact with currents of constant direction flowing along the parts of the turns of the armature windings - 3, lying on their inner sides. As a result, the movable inductor (rotor) begins to rotate around the axis o ÷ o '.

In parts of the turns lying on the outside of the toroidal windings - 3, in turn, the same currents flow, but in the opposite direction, first. However, in this case, the reverse interaction of the magnetic field of the inductor by these parts will not follow, because between them and the magnetic poles are the corresponding ferromagnetic cores, which in this case are magnetic screens for the former. The speed and direction of rotation can be changed by changing the magnitude and sign of the voltage supplied to the windings of the armature.

Information sources

1. Bertinov A.I. and others. Unipolar el. machines with liquid metal current collectors. - M.-L.: Energy, 1966.

2. Bertinov A.I. Special electric cars. - M .: Energy, 1982.

3. Booth D.A. Contactless electric machines. - M.: Higher School, 1990.

4. Bokov V.A. Physics of magnets. - S.Pb. Nevsky dialect, 2002.

5. Herod I.A. Electromagnetism. - M .: Binom, 2003.

6. Kalashnikov S.G. Electricity. - M.: Science, 1985.

7. Mishin D.D. Magnetic materials. - M.: Higher School, 1981.

8. Tigazumi S. Physics of ferromagnetism. - M.: Mir, 1987.

Claims (1)

A single-fan non-contact direct current machine containing an armature and an inductor, characterized in that the armature, consisting of two toroidal electromagnetically connected windings with ferromagnetic cores, the common output of which through the valve is connected to a constant voltage source, is made stationary, and the inductor is movable and is a hollow cylindrical magnetic circuit, at the ends of which four rod permanent magnets are inserted in a crosswise manner with concave poles, convex Nordic pole of the first four of which are separated by small gaps from the inner surface of one of the toroidal coil, and the same south poles of magnets separated by the second quartet same gaps from the same surface of the other of its windings.

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