RU2407135C2 - Contactless reducer electromagnetic machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of electric engineering and designs of contactless reducer electromagnetic machines with electromagnet reduction, intended for use as motor - wheels, motor - drums, direct drives in electrical appliances (electric meat grinders, washing machines, etc), electric drives of concrete mixers, weight-lifting mechanisms, belt conveyors, pumps for pumping of fluids, mechanisms with high torque on shaft and low frequencies of shaft rotation, and also as high-frequency electric generators. Proposed contactless reducer electromagnet machine comprises stator with explicit poles, on inner surface of which there are elementary cogs, m-phased focused anchor winding of which consists of coils, each coil covering an appropriate anchor pole, and winding-free ferromagnetic rotor, comprising two inductor cores displaced relative to each other in tangential direction by half of gear division, with toroid permanent magnet magnetised in axial direction and installed between cores of inductor, to develop magnetic flow of excitation. At the same time certain ratios are maintained between number of anchor poles, number of elementary teeth on anchor pole, number of anchor poles in phase, common number of anchor teeth, number of teeth on each inductor core and number of phases of anchor winding of contactless reducer electromagnetic machine.

EFFECT: high power and operational indices, high specific rotary torque on shaft and high electromagnetic reduction of rotation frequency in mode of electric motor, high specific capacity at high frequencies of electromotive force in mode of electric generator.

12 cl, 14 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to electrical engineering and relates to the design of non-contact magnetoelectric machines with electromagnetic reduction, intended for use as motor wheels, motor drums, direct drives in household appliances (electric grinders, electric juicers, washing machines, etc.), concrete mixers electric drives, hoisting mechanisms , belt conveyors, pumps for pumping liquids, mechanisms with high moments on the shaft and low shaft speeds, as well as high frequency electric generators.

Known brushless synchronous generator with permanent magnets (Patent RU 2303849 C1, IPC N02K 21/18, H02K 21/14, author Shkondin V.V.), containing at least one circular section, including a rotor with a circular magnetic circuit, on which with the same step, an even number of permanent magnets is fixed, forming two parallel rows of poles with longitudinally and transversely alternating polarity, a stator carrying an even number of horseshoe-shaped electromagnets located in pairs opposite each other, a device for rectifying an electric current, where each of the electromagnets has two coils with a successively opposite direction of the winding, while each of the electromagnet coils is located above one of the parallel rows of rotor poles and the number of poles in one row n satisfies the relation n = 10 + 4 · k, where k - integer taking values 0, 1, 2, 3, etc. The disadvantages of the analogue are the complexity and significant cost of construction, determined by a large number of permanent magnets, and low energy performance due to the irrational use of the useful volume of the machine.

Known induction electric machine (Patent RU 2009599 C1, IPC 5 Н02К 19/06, НКК 19/24, authors: Zhulovyan V.V., Novokreschenov O.I., Shanshurov G.A.), containing an explicit pole with the number of poles Z ₀ a gear stator with a multiphase coil winding, each coil of which is located on one pole of the stator, a winding winding ferromagnetic gear rotor and a converter, to which the stator winding is connected, the stator and rotor are made with even and unequal numbers of teeth and each phase of the winding is made of p counter included coils placed with by a shift by the double pole division 2 · τ, where 2 · τ = Z ₀ / p, p is an even number.

The closest in technical essence to the present invention (its prototype) is a synchronous geared motor (Patent RU 2054220 C1, IPC 6 Н02К 37/00, Н02К 19/06, authors: Shevchenko AF, Kalugsky DL), containing a rotor with Z _p teeth and a stator with 4 · p poles (p = 1, 2, 3, ...,), on the inner surface of which there are elementary teeth with Z _s teeth at each pole, with Z _r = 4 · p · (Z _s + K) ± p (where K = 0, 1, 2, ... is an integer), coils of a single-phase winding, one at each pole, are placed in large grooves between the poles, coils located at the poles of the same name with numbers differing by 4, the "end" with the "beginning" are connected in series and form four branches, the "end" of the first branch formed by 1, 5, ..., 1 + 4 · (p-1) coils, connected to the "beginning" the third branch, formed by 3, 7, ..., 3 + 4 · (p-1) coils, and the connection point of these branches is connected to the first output of the winding, the "end" of the second branch, formed by 2, 6, ..., 2 + 4 · ( p-1) coils, connected to the "beginning" of the fourth branch formed by 4, 8, ..., 4 + 4 · (p-1) coils, and the connection point of these branches through a series-connected capacitor is also connected to the first output, and two diodes are connected to the second terminal in such a way that the first and fourth branches are connected to the anode of the first one, and the second and third branches are connected to the cathode of the second diode.

The disadvantage of the described inductor electric machine and synchronous gear motor are low energy performance. In addition, these technical devices are most often performed with small air gaps, which complicates their manufacture in mass (mass) production.

The aim of the present invention is to provide a fairly simple, reliable and technologically advanced non-contact magnetoelectric machine with high energy performance with a large specific torque on the shaft and high electromagnetic speed reduction in electric motor mode and with high specific power and high electromagnetic frequency reduction of EMF in electric mode generator.

The present invention is the optimal choice of the number of poles of the armature, the total number of teeth of the armature and the number of teeth of the inductor when performing focused on the poles of the armature of the m-phase coil winding of the armature of a contactless gear magnetoelectric machine.

The technical result of the present invention is to obtain high performance non-contact gear magnetoelectric machine. For this purpose, the stator contains distinct poles, on the inner surface of which elementary teeth are made, an m-phase coil winding of the armature, each coil of which is placed on the corresponding pole of the armature, a non-winding ferromagnetic gear rotor with two inductor cores offset tangentially from each other by half of the tooth division of the inductor, between the cores of the inductor there is a toroidal permanent magnet magnetized in the axial direction to create a magnetic otok excitation. For high-power machines, it is possible to use instead of a single solid toroidal permanent magnet a number of segmental permanent magnets magnetized in the axial direction and assembled in the form of a torus.

When using a non-contact geared magnetoelectric machine as a synchronous electric motor, the armature winding is powered by:

- from a source of three-phase alternating voltage,

- from a single-phase AC voltage source using a phase-shifting element,

- from an m-phase source of alternating voltage of constant frequency,

- from an m-phase variable voltage source of adjustable frequency,

- from a constant voltage source by means of a controlled inverter supplying a sinusoidal voltage to the phases of the armature winding, depending on the readings of the rotor angular position sensor to achieve maximum torque.

When using a non-contact geared magnetoelectric machine as a direct current motor with independent excitation, the armature winding is supplied with rectangular voltage pulses from the electronic switch according to a certain algorithm depending on the readings of the rotor angular position sensor to achieve maximum torque.

A non-contact geared magnetoelectric machine can also work as a synchronous m-phase generator of a sinusoidal EMF and as a synchronous m-phase generator of a variable EMF of rectangular shape without a constant component.

In the present invention, the inductor is the rotor and the armature is the stator. Possible designs of a non-contact geared magnetoelectric machine with an external armature and an internal inductor, with an internal armature and an external inductor.

The invention is illustrated by drawings:

figure 1 - General view of a contactless gear magnetoelectric machine with an internal inductor and an external armature,

figure 2 is a General view of a contactless gear magnetoelectric machine with electromagnetic reduction with an external inductor and an internal armature,

figure 3 ÷ 14 - examples of the invention in the form of cross sections of the cores of the armature and inductor, the connection circuits of the coils of the armature of the armature and the inclusion of the armature of the armature of voltage sources with a different number of phases and current diagrams (MDC).

In accordance with the present invention, in order to obtain the best energy performance at the maximum specific moment on the shaft of a contactless geared magnetoelectric machine, the number of armature poles Z _1p , the number of elementary teeth on the armature pole Z _1s = 1, 2, 3, 4 ..., the number of phases of the armature winding m = 3, 4, 5, 6 ..., the number of poles of the armature in phase Z _1m = 1, 2, 3, 4 ..., the total number of teeth of the armature Z ₁ , the number of teeth on each core of the inductor Z ₂ are related by equalities (1), (2) , (3):

The winding coils in the phase of the armature should be interconnected in such a way (according to or opposite) that the vectors of the induced EMF, geometrically folding, form the maximum total EMF of the armature phase of the contactless geared magnetoelectric machine.

Figure 3 ÷ 14 presents examples of the invention in accordance with formulas (1), (2), (3) in the form of cross sections of the cores of the armature and inductor of the contactless gear magnetoelectric machine, the connection schemes of the coils of the m-phase armature windings when the armature windings are turned on in motor mode to voltage sources with a different number of phases and current diagrams (MDS). The correspondence of the figures of the drawings of the cross-sections of the cores of the armature and the inductor and the figures of the connection diagrams of the coils of the m-phase armature windings is explained in the table. The letter m in the table indicates the number of phases of the armature winding of the contactless geared magnetoelectric machine, and m _ist — the number of phases of the voltage source. The position of the inductor cores relative to the core of the armature in the figure in the motor mode corresponds to the point in time at which the position of the current vectors on the corresponding figure of the connection diagram of the coils of the m-phase armature winding is shown (table).

Figure 4 presents the connection diagram of the coils of the 3-phase armature winding with a connection to a 3-phase voltage source.

Figure 6 presents the connection diagram of the coils of the 4-phase armature winding with a connection to a 4-phase voltage source.

On Fig presents a connection diagram of coils of a 5-phase armature winding with a connection to a 5-phase voltage source.

Figure 10 presents the connection diagram of the coils of the 6-phase armature winding with connection to a 6-phase voltage source.

On Fig presents the connection diagram of the coils of the 4-phase winding of the armature with a connection to a single-phase AC network of industrial frequency. The phase shift necessary for the machine’s operability is ensured by a phase-shifting element, in this case, by a capacitor C. Moreover, w _AN is the number of turns of the armature winding coils connected directly to phase “A” and zero, w _CN is the number of turns the armature winding coils connected to phase “A” and zero through a phase-shifting capacitance C. The transformation coefficient of the armature phase windings lies within k _tr = w _CN / w _AN = 1-2.

On Fig presents a connection diagram of the coils of the 6-phase armature winding with a connection to a 3-phase voltage source.

Consider the design of a contactless gear magnetoelectric machine with an external armature and an internal inductor (Fig. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13). Anchor core 1 that is remagnetized with a high frequency is made of batch made of electrical steel with high magnetic permeability and is pressed into the housing 2 made of steel with high magnetic permeability. At each pronounced pole 13 of the anchor, elementary teeth 14 are made. At the poles 13 of the anchor there is a coil winding 3 of the anchor. Coil winding 3 anchors are made of a winding copper wire or copper winding bus. The inductor using bearings 4, shaft 5 and bearing shields 6 is positioned relative to the armature. The shaft 5 is made of magnetic or non-magnetic steel. If the shaft is magnetic, then a non-magnetic sleeve 7 is fixed on it, the thickness of which in the radial direction significantly exceeds the air gap between the armature and the inductor. The active part of the inductor consists of a first core 8, a first magnetic sleeve 9, a permanent magnet 10, a second core 11 and a second magnetic sleeve 12. The first 8 and second 11 cores, as well as sleeves 9 and 12 are made of high magnetic permeability material. The cores 8 and 11 are made of electrical steel and are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the teeth 15. In order to reduce the cost of the structure, the cores 8 and 11 can be made by metal processing from solid pieces of steel with high magnetic permeability. In this case, they are attached directly to the sleeve 7, i.e. bushings 9 and 12 are not installed. The permanent magnet 10 is made in the form of a torus and magnetized in the axial direction. For low-power machines, the permanent magnet is made integral, for high-power machines, it is made up of segmental permanent magnets magnetized in the axial direction and assembled in the form of a torus. The first 8 and second 11 lined cores of the inductor are pressed onto the magnetic sleeves 9 and 12, respectively, and the permanent magnet 10 is attached to the non-magnetic sleeve 7 between the magnetic sleeves 9 and 12. If the shaft 5 is made of non-magnetic steel (mainly for low-power machines), then the magnetic the bushings 9 and 12, as well as the permanent magnet 10 are attached directly to the shaft 5. The first 8 and second 11 cores of the inductor are displaced relative to each other in the tangential direction by half of the tooth division t _{Z2 of the} inductor. Thus, with the magnetization of the permanent magnet 10 “SN” shown in FIG. 1, the teeth of the first inductor core 8 are magnetized as the south poles of “S”, and the teeth of the second inductor core 11 are magnetized as the north poles of “N”. The magnetic flux of the inductor caused by the permanent magnet 10 passes through the second sleeve 12, the second core of the inductor 11, the air gap between the armature and the inductor, the pole 13 and the core 1 of the armature, the magnetic housing 2 in the axial direction, the core 1 and the pole 13 of the armature, air gap between the armature and the inductor and closes through the first core 8 of the inductor and the first sleeve 9.

A non-magnetic sleeve 7 is necessary in the case of a magnetic shaft and serves to prevent the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 10 from closing through the bushings 9 and 12 and the shaft 5, as well as through the shaft 5, bearings 4, bearing shields 6 and the housing 2.

In the case of a design with an external inductor (figure 2), the role of the housing is played by a non-magnetic sleeve 7.

Non-contact gear magnetoelectric machine operates in motor and generator modes.

Consider the motor mode (figure 1). An alternating voltage is supplied to the winding phases of the 3 armature from the external circuit - the power circuit, an alternating current flows through the winding, which induces the time-varying MDS of the armature. Figures 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 show vector diagrams of currents 16 for the corresponding multiphase armature windings shown in the same figures. Symmetric multiphase voltages applied to the terminals of these windings change in time, and the current vectors 16 rotate counterclockwise in the coordinate axes xy. Consider the point in time when currents are projected onto the ordinate axis. The winding coils of 3 anchors are named with a letter denoting belonging to the corresponding phase, and a figure denoting the pole number 13 of the core 1 of the armature. For example, coil B2 is a phase B coil located at the second pole 13 of the armature core 7. Figure 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 indicate the direction of the currents in the coils in accordance with the projection of the current vectors on the y axis. In this case, the elementary teeth 14 located at the corresponding poles 13 of the armature, on which the coils of the winding 3 of the armature are concentrated, form the south poles “S” and the north poles “N”. Due to the interaction of the variable MDS of the armature with the constant of the MDS of the inductor created by the permanent magnet 10, a torque is applied to the rotor, i.e. when the supply voltage changes applied to the armature winding with a frequency f (Hz), the rotor rotates with a synchronous speed n = 60 · f / Z ₂ (r / min). The direction of rotation of the rotor in the figures shown by an arrow with the letter "n". For Z ₁ <Z _{2, the} rotor rotates in accordance with the magnetic field of the armature, and for Z ₁ > Z _{2 the} rotor rotates against the rotation of the magnetic field of the armature.

Consider the generator mode (figure 1). When the rotor rotates with an external source of torque with a rotational speed n, the magnetic flux of the inductor, penetrating the air gap and the pole 13 of the armature from the side of the inductor, then from the side of the armature creates an alternating magnetic flux in the poles of the armature 13, inducing a variable EMF in the coils of the armature 3 of the armature. If the external circuit - the load circuit is closed, then alternating current flows through the armature winding 3, electric power is given to the consumer.

The phases of the armature winding can be connected into a star, as well as into a polygon.

Claims (12)

1. A non-contact geared magnetoelectric machine containing a stator with pronounced poles, on the inner surface of which elementary teeth are made of Z _1s teeth on each pole, winding coils concentrated one at a time on the corresponding pole and a gear rotor, different, are placed in large grooves between the poles in that the coil winding is an m-phase coil winding of the armature, the windingless ferromagnetic gear rotor contains two inductor cores tangentially offset from each other direction by half the tooth pitch t _Z2 inductor between the cored inductor mounted toroidal permanent magnet magnetized in an axial direction, the number of armature poles Z _1p = m · Z _1m, where m = 3, 4, 5, 6 ... - number of armature winding phases, Z _1m = 1, 2, 3, 4 ... is the number of poles of the anchor in phase, the total number of teeth of the armature Z ₁ = Z _1p · Z _1s , where Z _1s = 1, 2, 3, 4 ... is the number of elementary teeth on the pole of the armature , the number of teeth on each core of the inductor Z ₂ = Z ₁ ± Z _1m . 2. Contactless gear magnetoelectric machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the permanent magnet is made integral. 3. Contactless gear magnetoelectric machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the permanent magnet is made of several permanent magnets. 4. Non-contact gear magnetoelectric machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the anchor is located outside, the inductor inside. 5. Contactless gear magnetoelectric machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the inductor is located outside, the anchor inside. 6. Non-contact gear magnetoelectric machine according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that when using it as a synchronous motor, the armature winding is supplied from an m-phase source of alternating voltage of constant frequency. 7. Non-contact gear magnetoelectric machine according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that when it is used as a synchronous motor, the armature winding is powered from an m-phase variable voltage source of variable frequency. 8. The non-contact gear magnetoelectric machine according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that when it is used as a synchronous motor, the armature winding is supplied from a constant voltage source by means of a controlled inverter supplying a sinusoidal voltage to the armature winding phases depending on the readings of the angle sensor rotor position to achieve maximum torque. 9. The non-contact gear magnetoelectric machine according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that when it is used as a direct current motor with independent excitation, the armature winding is supplied with rectangular voltage pulses from the electronic switch according to a certain algorithm depending on the readings of the rotor angular position sensor for achieve maximum torque. 10. The contactless gear magnetoelectric machine according to claim 6, characterized in that when it is used as a synchronous motor, the armature winding is supplied from a single-phase AC voltage source of constant frequency using a phase-shifting element. 11. The contactless gear magnetoelectric machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the phases of the armature winding are connected to a star. 12. Contactless gear magnetoelectric machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the phases of the armature winding are connected in a polygon.

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