RU2359051C2 - Charge for antifriction composite material on basis of aluminium and sintered antifriction composite material on basis of aluminium, received with its application - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: metallurgy.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to powder metallurgy, particularly to sintered composite material on the basis of aluminium for details of triboengineering purpose - bushes, friction bearing, compaction, step-bearings. Charge for composite material on the basis of aluminium, containing, wt %: transition metal powders, selected from Fe, Cr, Ni, Ti, Co, V, Zr, - 7.5-20, alloying elements, selected from Cu, Zn, Si, Mg, Li, Sn, Pb - 0.3-12; aluminium - the rest. Sintered composite material on the basis of aluminium, received with application of mentioned charge includes alloyed aluminium matrix and reinforcer in the form of aluminide particles of composition Al₃X, where X - Fe, Cr, Ni, Ti, Co, V, Zr, at following ratio, wt %: reinforcer 30-60, matrix - the rest.

EFFECT: received material allows high hardness and triboengineering characteristics.

9 cl, 5 dwg, 3 tbl, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to powder metallurgy, in particular to sintered composite materials based on aluminum for tribological components - bushings, bearings, seals, thrust bearings, etc.

Known powder composite charge based on aluminum, containing, wt.%: 41-43 silicon, 4.1-5.2 nickel, 0.05-0.1 phosphorus, 0.01-0.05 silicon nitride, aluminum - the rest [one].

The disadvantage of this mixture is the low content of nickel as a transition metal, which forms a NiAl ₃ compound when interacting with aluminum, which gives antifriction properties to the material from this charge.

Known sintered aluminum alloy having self-lubricating properties and high abrasion resistance in wet conditions, the following composition (wt.%): 5-25% silicon; 0.5-10% copper; 0.2-2% magnesium; 0.5-5% nickel; 0.2-5% chromium; 1-25% lead; 0.5-5% graphite; 0.5-5% molybdenum disulfide; 0.2-2% boron nitride; the rest is aluminum [2].

The disadvantage of this material is its low content of transition metals - nickel and chromium - which form aluminides when interacting with aluminum during sintering, giving antifriction properties to the aluminum-based material.

Known composite material based on aluminum, which contains zinc, magnesium, nickel and is characterized by a structure that is a matrix formed by a solid solution of aluminum with uniformly distributed dispersed particles of secondary precipitates and particles of nickel aluminides distributed in the matrix in an amount of 5.3-7.0 vol.%, the matrix is the rest. As dispersed particles of secondary precipitates, the matrix contains 6–10 vol% of particles of the metastable phase Al ₂ Mg ₃ Zn ₃ [3].

The disadvantage of this material, as above, is the low content of nickel aluminides, which, together with the secondary precipitation of the metastable phase Al ₂ Mg ₃ Zn ₃ is not more than 17 vol.%, While the content of the hardening second phase corresponds to the highest mechanical properties of two-phase matrix materials in the range of 40-60 vol.% [4, 5].

Known sintered composite material based on aluminum, which contains, wt.%: 0.3-5 copper, 0.3-3 magnesium, 4.0-5.0 iron, 4.0-5.0 nickel, 4.0 -5.0 chromium and 0.5-5.0 silicon carbide (SiC). The alloy has heat resistance and is intended for the manufacture of pistons of internal combustion engines [6].

The disadvantage of this composite material is the presence of highly hard silicon carbide in it, which causes counterbody wear.

By technical essence, that is, by the achieved effect, structure and structure, the closest to the proposed sintered composite material is a sintered alloy of aluminum with iron, consisting of an aluminum matrix and inclusions of iron aluminides FeAl ₃ , with the following ratio of components: iron - 15-36 wt .% (8-21 at.%), Aluminum - the rest [7].

The disadvantage of this sintered material based on aluminum, hardened by particles of iron aluminide, is the low strength of the matrix of pure aluminum itself, which does not allow to fully realize its tribological properties.

The closest analogue (“A method for producing a composite dispersion-hardened aluminum-based material” [8]) is a mixture for an aluminum-based antifriction composite material and a sintered aluminum-based antifriction material containing an aluminum matrix and a hardener. The main disadvantage of this known invention [8] is the excessive complexity and high cost of material production technology.

The classical method of powder metallurgy (preparation of mixtures from industrial powders, cold pressing, sintering and calibration) does not require special equipment (an energy-intensive mill, extruder, granulator [8]) and allows one to obtain inexpensive finished products (for example, plain bearings) in mass mass production.

The objective of the invention is to develop a mixture for an anti-friction composite material based on aluminum, expanding the arsenal of known charges for a similar purpose and sintered anti-friction composite material manufactured using it to obtain a durable and wear-resistant material.

The task is implemented by:

- the exclusion of such complex and expensive installations and operations as:

a) special equipment (energy-intensive mill, granulator and extruder);

b) reactive mechanical alloying of a mixture of aluminum powders and oxides of reducible metals in order to obtain an auxiliary mixture;

c) granulation, heat treatment at 450-530 ° C, hot extrusion at 370-430 ° C and the manufacture of antifriction parts by machining extruded rods;

- selection of a more effective qualitative and quantitative composition of the mixture, the use of the initial powders of a certain dispersion;

- obtaining a specific structure and phase composition of an aluminum-based composite material using traditional powder metallurgy methods;

- doping of the aluminum matrix, increasing its hardness, which provides higher tribological characteristics of the composite material;

- obtaining a certain porosity of the sintered composite material.

The specified technical result is achieved in that the charge for the antifriction composite material based on aluminum contains at least one transition metal selected from the group: Fe, Cr, Ni, Ti, Co, V, Zr, and at least one an alloying element selected from the group: Cu, Zn, Si, Mg, Li, Sn, Pb, in the following ratio of components, at.%:

transition metals 7.5-15 alloying elements 0.3-12 aluminum rest.

The mixture preferably contains a transition metal selected from the group Fe, Cr, Ni, Ti.

The mixture preferably contains an alloying metal selected from the group Cu, Zn, Si, Mg.

The mixture further comprises a powder of at least one aluminide of the composition Al ₃ X, where X is Fe, Cr, Ni, Ti, Co, V, Zr, preferably Fe, Cr, Ni, Ti, and the total amount of transition metals in the mixture is 7.5-15 at.%.

The mixture further comprises a powder of at least one alloy of the composition Al-Z, where Z is Cu, Zn, Si, Mg, Li, Sn, Pb, preferably Cu, Zn, Si, Mg, with the total amount of alloying elements in the charge is 0.3-12 at.%.

The mixture may additionally contain at least a powder of one solid anti-friction lubricant selected from the group: graphite, sulfur, MoS ₂ , WS ₂ , NbS ₂ , TaS ₂ , VS ₂ , LiF, CaF ₂ , BaF ₂ , SrF ₂ , PbF ₂ , ZnS, PbS, CuS, Cu ₂ S, FeS, FeP, Sb ₂ S ₃ , WTe ₂ , WSe ₂ , MoSe ₂ , NbSe ₂ , TiSe ₂ , PbO, Pb ₃ O ₄ , TiO ₂ , CdO in an amount up to 10 at.%.

The specified technical result is also achieved by the fact that the sintered antifriction composite material based on aluminum, containing a doped aluminum matrix and a hardener, contains at least one aluminide of the composition Al ₃ X, where X is Fe, Cr, Ni, Ti, Co, V, Zr, preferably Fe, Cr, Ni, Ti, and the aluminum matrix is doped with at least one element selected from the group of elements: Cu, Zn, Si, Mg, Li, Sn, Pb, preferably from Cu, Zn, Si, Mg, in the following ratio of matrix and hardener, at.%:

hardener 30-60 matrix rest,

while the composite material is obtained according to any variant of the charge mentioned above.

The material may additionally contain at least one solid anti-friction lubricant selected from the group: graphite, sulfur, MoS ₂ , WS ₂ , NbS ₂ , TaS ₂ , VS ₂ , LiF, CaF ₂ , BaF ₂ , SrF ₂ , PbF ₂ , ZnS, PbS, CuS, Cu ₂ S, FeS, FeP, Sb ₂ S ₃ , WTe ₂ , WSe ₂ , MoSe ₂ , NbSe ₂ , TiSe ₂ , PbO, Pb ₃ O ₄ , TiO ₂ , CdO in an amount of up to 10 at%.

The material has a porosity of 5-10%.

Aluminum as the basis of antifriction materials has such valuable properties as low specific gravity, high thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance, low resistance to the introduction of wear particles, easy break-in, and manufacturability in mass production [9]. Aluminum bearings not only have high corrosion resistance in oil and its products, but also do not have a catalytic effect on lubricants, which is especially important when using multi-component and synthetic lubricants.

However, the use of aluminum for the manufacture of anti-friction materials is limited due to its low bearing capacity and extremely high tendency to react with the counterbody. The surface of aluminum is protected by a very stable oxide film, but if it collapses during the sliding process, the clean surface is instantly covered with the metal surface of the counterbody, especially when it is steel. If at the same time there is no complete jamming and jamming of the rubbing surfaces, with continued sliding, intensive adhesive and abrasive wear of aluminum occurs.

To prevent this phenomenon, it is possible to reduce the surface area of the aluminum matrix in contact with the counterbody by additionally introducing into it a second phase in the form of solid neutral particles. High hard particles reduce the coefficient of friction of the material and increase its resistance to wear. So, in [10], it was shown that the introduction of ZrC, HfC, TiC, or TiB ₂ particles (≤15 vol.%) Into a Ti – Mg alloy increases its working capacity at high loads and sliding speeds.

The use of powder technology, in which the specified porosity of the material is ensured, and particles of highly solid compounds such as carbides, borides, silicides, Al ₂ O ₃ and other chemical compounds, including solid lubricants, are introduced into aluminum powder, which makes it possible to give aluminum higher antifriction properties [11-19].

The introduction of dispersed particles of intermetallic alloys with high antifriction properties into the aluminum matrix by the method of powder metallurgy allows one to obtain composite alloys that preserve the useful properties of aluminum and acquire excellent wear resistance under conditions of limited lubrication. Such a material is, for example, aluminum alloy MD91 from Alcan (Canada), intended for the production of wear-resistant parts by sintering [19]. The composition of the MD91 powder mixture includes 73.7% of the mixture of MD22 (2% Cu, 1% Mg, 0.3% Si) and 26.3% of the tribaloy powder T-800 (52% Co, 28% Mo, 17% Cr and 3% Si). Particles of tribaloy in the amount of 5-10 vol.% Significantly increase the wear resistance of the aluminum alloy.

The disadvantage of such hardening phases in aluminum is that, complicating sintering, they increase the initial porosity of the products. In addition, chemically inert solid particles, as a rule, are poorly wetted by aluminum, which weakens their adhesive bond at the boundary with aluminum during sintering. High hard inclusions with sharp edges, acting as an abrasive, wear out the surface on which the sliding of aluminum strengthened by such particles is carried out. The initial powder mixtures containing powders of solid compounds similarly cause rapid wear of the molds during molding of products.

Promising as a hardening solid phase are aluminides - intermetallic compounds of aluminum with transition metals. In particular, Al ₃ X aluminides have the smallest specific gravity since they are 3/4 composed of low-density aluminum. The advantage of aluminide particles over inclusions of other solid chemical compounds is that the aluminide particles are firmly bound to the matrix due to their complete wetting by aluminum. Having less hardness than refractory chemical compounds, as well as some plasticity, aluminides wear out the counterbody less. Aluminum containing aluminides as a hardening phase is easy to machine.

In addition, aluminide particles have other advantages that are not characteristic of particles of chemical compounds. In particular, the aluminide hardener does not have to be introduced into the material at the stage of preparation of the mixture in the form of a powder of the finished compound. In whole or in part, this ingredient can be replaced by a transition metal powder, which, unlike carbides, borides and other highly hard compounds, does not wear out a pressing tool.

With the introduction of a transition metal powder, aluminide particles are formed directly during sintering. Since the exothermic reaction of the formation of aluminides is accompanied by the release of a significant amount of heat, sintering is accompanied by a significant increase in the temperature of the sintered product. As a result, the sintering operation is completed within a few minutes, while the energy costs for it are markedly reduced. It is important to note that the particles of aluminides due to the specifics of the diffusion mechanism of their formation during sintering are an order of magnitude smaller than the initial particles of transition metals (Figure 1).

The disadvantage of powder materials based on aluminum, hardened by aluminides [15-17], is the low strength of the matrix of pure aluminum. Therefore, the hardness of this class of materials is not high enough, which negatively affects their tribological characteristics.

It is known [20] that by adding transition metals and alloying elements to an aluminum alloy intended for applying antifriction coatings, it is possible to purposefully control its properties. From the literature, for example from the said patent [20], it is known that Cu and Mg are the most effective hardeners of aluminum, which do not impair its ductility. In this case, the resistance of the material to fatigue increases.

The traditional alloying elements of aluminum, providing hardening heat treatment of alloys based on it, also include Si and Zn. Silicon is practically insoluble in aluminum and is found in it in the form of dispersed inclusions, which due to their high hardness give the material antifriction properties, including at elevated temperatures and loads. Zinc causes solid solution hardening of aluminum, and also, interacting with other alloying elements, provides dispersion hardening of aluminum alloys during their heat treatment.

Due to its low density, lithium is a useful alloying additive to aluminum, but due to its low melting point and intense oxidizability, it is not used in its pure form. Therefore, in aluminum powder metallurgy, powders of aluminum alloys containing lithium are used, which are obtained by spraying melts.

Alloying elements Sn and Pb, which are insoluble in aluminum, are introduced into its antifriction alloys as soft inclusions, providing such alloys with increased ductility, low friction coefficient and easy running-in. The disadvantage of these alloying elements is their high cost and lead toxicity.

Transition metals Fe, Cr, Ni, Ti, Co, V, Zr, forming intermetallic phases with aluminum (aluminides), increase the hardness and, therefore, the antifriction properties of aluminum and its alloys.

Iron, due to its low cost, is the most promising transition metal, which is expediently introduced into aluminum to form solid aluminide inclusions in antifriction alloys in the mass production of plain bearings.

Powders of transition metals Cr, Ni, Ti, as well as iron, are produced on an industrial scale and as additives to aluminum, forming aluminides, are not inferior to iron in terms of the effectiveness of the effect on the antifriction properties of sintered alloys. It is advisable to use chromium and nickel in obtaining materials resistant to corrosion. Due to its low density, it makes sense to use titanium in the production of antifriction aluminum alloys with a low specific gravity. However, the cost of powders of Cr, Ni, Ti is much higher than the cost of iron powders.

The remaining transition metals - Co, V, Zr - are also effective when introduced into aluminum to give it antifriction properties, since they form solid aluminide inclusions. However, powders of these metals are less common and more expensive than powders of Cr, Ni, Ti, not to mention iron powders. In addition, manganese has a low vapor pressure and is easily sublimated during sintering, and vanadium is poisonous.

The quantitative content of transition metals in the charge is due to the fact that when their content is less than 7.5 at.%, The alloy hardness is not high enough and the bearing capacity of the material is deteriorated, and when the content of transition metals is more than 15.0 at.%, The material becomes too brittle.

The quantitative content of alloying elements in the charge is due to the fact that when their content is less than 0.3 at.%, The doping efficiency becomes too weak, and when their content is more than 12 at.%, The plasticity of the matrix drops sharply.

The quantitative proportions of the charge claimed by the inventors are selected in such a way as to maximize the achievement of the technical goal.

Sintered aluminum-based composite material obtained using the above mixture using traditional powder metallurgy technologies includes an aluminum matrix and a hardener in the form of aluminide particles and contains at least one aluminide of the composition Al ₃ X, where X is Fe, Cr, Ni, Ti, Co, V, Zr, preferably Fe, Cr, Ni, Ti, and the aluminum matrix is doped with at least one element selected from the group of elements: Cu, Zn, Si, Mg, Li, Sn, Pb, preferably from Cu, Zn, Si, Mg, in the following ratio of matrix and hardener, and t.%:

hardener 30-60 matrix rest.

The proposed qualitative and quantitative compositions of the sintered composite material allow this material to have a two-phase structure necessary for anti-friction materials, which is illustrated by figures 2-4.

The composition of the mixture investigated by the authors to obtain a sintered composite material are shown in tables 1-3. The compositions allow this material according to the claims of the claims to have the required properties for porosity and hardness, presented in the tables, where:

a) aluminum;

b) transition metals;

c) alloying elements;

d) aluminides of the composition Al ₃ X;

e) alloy composition (Al-Z);

f) solid anti-friction lubricant.

The invention is carried out as follows.

Example 1

Powders of aluminum, a transition metal, such as titanium, an alloying element, such as copper, an alloy of composition Al-4Cu, taken in a ratio that corresponds to composition No. 7 shown in table 1, are mixed in a ball or screw mill for 2 hours to obtain a homogeneous mixture . Samples for pressing products, for example, sliding bearings, are prepared from the resulting mixture. The prepared samples of the mixtures are molded in the mold by the method of double-sided pressing into the initial blanks (bushings) with a porosity of 15-20%. Crude bushings are sintered at a temperature of 700 ° C for 1 hour in a vacuum or nitrogen atmosphere with a dew point of -50 ° C. The microstructure of the sintered Al-Ti-Cu composite material is shown in FIG. 2. After sintering, the bushings are calibrated to give them the same size, porosity in the range of 5-10% and a smooth surface (Figure 3).

Example 2

Powders of aluminum, a transition metal, such as iron, an alloying element, such as copper, an alloy of the composition Al-4Cu, a solid anti-friction lubricant, such as molybdenum disulfide, taken in a ratio that corresponds to composition No. 8 shown in table 2, are mixed in a ball or screw mill within 2 hours to obtain a homogeneous mixture. Samples for pressing products, for example, sliding bearings, are prepared from the resulting mixture. The prepared samples of the mixtures are molded in the mold by the method of double-sided pressing into the initial blanks (bushings) with a porosity of 15-20%. Crude bushings are sintered at 800 ° C for 1 hour in a vacuum or nitrogen atmosphere with a dew point of -50 ° C. The microstructure of the sintered Al-Fe-Cu composite material is shown in FIG. 4. After sintering, the bushings are calibrated to give them the same size, porosity in the range of 5-10% and a smooth surface (Figure 3).

Example 3

Powders of aluminum, a transition metal, for example nickel, an alloying element, for example copper, an aluminide of the composition Al ₃ Ni, taken in a ratio that corresponds to composition No. 7 shown in table 3, are mixed in a ball or screw mill for 2 hours until a homogeneous mixture . Samples for pressing products, for example, sliding bearings, are prepared from the resulting mixture. The prepared samples of the mixtures are molded in the mold by the method of double-sided pressing into the initial blanks (bushings) with a porosity of 15-20%. Crude bushings are sintered at a temperature of 750 ° C for 1 hour in a vacuum or nitrogen atmosphere with a dew point of -50 ° C. The microstructure of the sintered Al-Ti-Cu composite material is shown in FIG. 5. After sintering, the bushings are calibrated to give them the same size, porosity in the range of 5-10% and a smooth surface (Figure 3).

Based on professional knowledge in the field of powder metallurgy, a specialist is able to obtain powder mixtures and the corresponding aluminum alloys using other combinations within the proposed scope of the claims, and these compositions are not excluded from the field of protection. In particular, this applies to combinations of transition metals and alloying elements, which are not reflected in the above examples. Such transition metals include Cr, Co, V, Zr, and alloying elements include Zn, Si, Mg, Li, Sn, Pb, preferably Zn, Si and Mg. These metals and elements alone or in combination with each other are available in the claimed claims.

When implementing the proposed invention receive a sintered antifriction composite material based on aluminum with the following properties (depending on composition):

- Brinell hardness - 600-700 MPa;

- coefficient of friction in conditions of limited lubrication - 0.03-0.08;

- wear for 100 hours of testing at maximum bearing load and sliding speed of 5 m / min - 0.01-0.03 mm;

- the roughness of the steel hardened shaft is 0.2-0.8 microns.

The proposed sintered composite material based on aluminum of antifriction purpose can be used at low loads and good lubrication in the aviation, automotive, tractor, machine-tool, instrument-making and defense industries, in the technological equipment of the chemical, oil, pharmaceutical, food and other industries, as well as in the manufacture of computers , electric motors and household appliances, that is, where sintered tin bronze and iron graphite are currently used.

Replacing sintered iron graphite with an aluminum-based composite powder material saves energy costs in pressing operations (the required pressure is 2 times less) and sintering (for iron, sintering temperature is 1150 ° С, for aluminum - much less). Cheaper production of sintered plain bearings based on aluminum in comparison with brass and tin bronze bearings is achieved due to the lower cost of aluminum powder per unit volume of material and the use of cheap alloying additives, which replace, in particular, tin.

Pilot batches of aluminum plain bearings manufactured at the Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science SB RAS, including on the basis of the proposed charge (Figure 3), have successfully passed tests in technological equipment and vehicles at the following enterprises:

1. AOOT "Tomsk Timber Industrial Plant"

2. Tomsk Tram-Trolleybus Office

3. AOOT "Rembyttekhnika" (Tomsk)

4. Tomsk Association "Goskomnefteproducts"

5. AOOT "Tomsk Electric Lamp Plant"

6. PTPA "Tomskstroytrans"

7. Municipal enterprise "PTPA-1" (Tomsk)

8. Tomsk Petrochemical Plant

9. Krasnoyarsk Production Association "Khimvolokno"

10. JSC "Prokopyevskaya Tobacco Factory"

11. Omsk tobacco factory

12. JSC "Biysk Tobacco Factory"

13. St. Petersburg Tobacco Factory

14. SJSC "Kyrgyzkamvol-noot"

15. Omsk cotton association "East"

16. Montenegrin worsted-cloth factory

17. Montenegrin artificial leather factory

18. JSC "Novokuznetsk cold storage"

19. Municipal enterprise "Novokuznetsk trolleybus depot"

Information sources

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2. Japanese Patents 48-30802 and 48-30803, publ. 09/25/1973.

3. RF patent №2245388, C22C 21/00, publ. 01/27/2005.

4. Zabolotny L.V. Optimization of the geometric parameters of the microstructure of powder antifriction materials for severe operating conditions. Powder Metallurgy, 1989, No. 12, pp. 23-29.

5. Rusin N.M., Savitsky A.P. Liquid-phase reaction sintering of powder mixtures in an aluminum-iron system. Powder Metallurgy, 1993, No. 1, pp. 28-32.

6. Germany patent No. 2431646, C22C 1/04, publ. 01/22/1976.

7. SU No. 1687375, B22F 3/12, publ. 10/30/1991.

8. SU No. 1803268 A1, B22F 9/04, C22C 1/05, publ. 03/23/1993.

9. Savitsky A.P., Gopienko V.G., Martsunova L.S. and other Technological processes for producing powder aluminum materials. M .: TsNIItsvetmet economy and information, 1983, p. 60.

10. Frantsevich I.N., Karpinos D.M., Tuchinsky L.I. and others. Antifriction compositions based on sintered titanium. Powder Metallurgy, 1978, No. 1, pp. 61-65.

11. Fedorchenko I.M., Pugina L.I. Composite sintered anti-friction materials. Kiev, Naukova Dumka, 1980, p. 404.

12. Shvedkov E.L. Self-lubricating anti-friction materials. Powder Metallurgy, 1983, No. 6, p. 37-51.

13. Industrial aluminum alloys. Handbook edited by S.G. Aliyev, M. B. Altman, S. M. Hambartsumyan and others. M .: Metallurgy, 1984, p. 528.

14. Aluminum: properties and physical metallurgy. Handbook edited by D.E. Hatch. M .: Metallurgy, 1989, p. 422.

15. Rusin N.M., Savitsky A.P. Liquid-phase reaction sintering of powder mixtures in an aluminum-iron system. Powder Metallurgy, 1993, No. 1, pp. 28-32.

16. Rusin N.M., Savitsky A.P., Tikhonova I.N. Sintering of aluminum with nickel additives. Powder Metallurgy, 1993, No. 9/10, p.29-32.

17. Rusin N.M., Savitsky A.P. High-density sintered alloy Al-12.5% (at.) Fe, Powder metallurgy. 1993, No. 11/12, p. 44-47.

18. Japan Patent 49-18322, 1974.

19. Dever E.M. Wear resistant aluminum P / M parts. Fabrication and properties, Modem Development of Powder Metallurgy, Proc. 1976 Int. Powder Met. Conf, 1976, Vol. 10, p. 357-373.

20. RF patent No. 2296804, C22C 21/00, etc., publ. 2007.04.10.

Table 1 The composition of the mixture, the structure and hardness of the composite material No. p / p The composition of the charge, at.% Contents Al ₃ Ti in sintered CM, at.% Poris. KM after cal.,% Hardness KM, HB but b from d e f Al Ti Cu Al ₃ Ti Al-4cu Solid lubricant one 92.5 7.5 - - - - thirty 6.1 43-47 2 90.0 10.0 - - - - 40 7.2 58-63 3 87.5 12.5 - - - - fifty 7.6 70-72 four 85.0 15.0 - - - - 60 8.3 85-89 5 85.3 7.5 1,2 - - 6.0 MoS ₂ thirty 8.6 48-55 6 74.0 5,0 1,0 20,0 - - 40 8.9 64-67 7 62.1 12.5 0.4 - 25.0 - fifty 9.3 89-95 8 80.3 15.0 0.7 - - 4.0 graphite 60 9.8 101-103

table 2 The composition of the mixture, the structure and hardness of the composite material No. p / p The composition of the charge, at.% Contents Al ₃ Fe in sintered CM, at.% Poris. KM after cal.,% Hardness KM, HB but b from d e f Al Fe Cu Al ₂ F ₃ Al-4cu Solid lubricant one 92.5 7.5 - - - - thirty 5,4 45-50 2 90.0 10.0 - - - - 40 6.0 61-67 3 87.5 12.5 - - - - fifty 6.5 74-76 four 85.0 15.0 - - - - 60 7.1 88-90 5 86.3 7.5 1,2 - - 5.0 graphite thirty 6.1 50-56 6 59.5 10.0 0.5 - 30,0 - 40 7.2 68-65 7 67.9 6.2 0.9 25.0 - - fifty 7.6 82-83 8 54.7 15.0 0.3 - 20,0 10.0 MoS ₂ 60 8.3 95-98

Table 3 The composition of the mixture, the structure and hardness of the composite material No. p / p The composition of the charge, at.% Contents Al ₃ Ni in sintered CM, at.% Poris. KM after cal.,% Hardness KM, HB but b from d e f Al Ni Cu Al ₃ Ni Al-4cu Solid lubricant one 92.5 7.5 - - - - thirty 5.8 42-45 2 90.0 10.0 - - - - 40 6.3 60-64 3 87.5 12.5 - - - - fifty 6.1 70-73 four 85.0 15.0 - - - - 60 6.9 85-92 5 83.3 7.5 1,2 - - 8.0 graphite thirty 6.5 47-51 6 59.5 10.0 0.5 - 30,0 - 40 7.8 63-69 7 67.8 6.3 0.9 25.0 - - fifty 8.0 77-81 8 84.3 15.0 0.7 - - - 60 9,4 92-96

Claims (8)

1. The mixture for the antifriction composite material based on aluminum, characterized in that it contains at least one transition metal selected from the group: Fe, Cr, Ni, Ti, Co, V, Zr, and at least one alloying element, selected from the group: Cu, Zn, Si, Mg, Li, Sn, Pb, with the following ratio of components, at.%:
transition metals 7.5-20 alloying elements 0.3-12 aluminum rest 2. The mixture according to claim 1, characterized in that the transition metal is selected from the group of Fe, Cr, Ni, Ti, and the alloying element is selected from the group of Cu, Zn, Si, Mg. 3. The mixture according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a powder of at least one aluminide of the composition Al ₃ X, where X is Fe, Cr, Ni, Ti, Mn, Co, V, Zr, preferably Fe, Cr, Ni, Ti, while the total amount of transition metals in the charge is 7.5-20 at.%. 4. The mixture according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a powder of at least one alloy of the composition Al-Z, where Z is Cu, Zn, Si, Mg, Li, Sn, Pb, preferably Cu, Zn, Si, Mg, while the total content in the mixture of alloying elements is 0.3-12 at.%. 5. The mixture according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it further comprises a powder of at least one solid anti-friction lubricant selected from the group: graphite, sulfur, MoS ₂ , WS ₂ , NbS ₂ , TaS ₂ , VS ₂ , LiF, CaF ₂ , BaF ₂ , SrF ₂ , PbF ₂ , ZnS, PbS, CuS, Cu ₂ S, FeS, FeP, Sb ₂ S ₃ , WTe ₂ , WSe ₂ , MoSe ₂ , NbSe ₂ , TiSe ₂ , PbO , Pb ₃ O ₄ , TiO ₂ , CdO, in an amount up to 10 at.%. 6. Sintered antifriction composite material based on aluminum, containing a doped aluminum matrix and a hardener, characterized in that as a hardener it contains at least one aluminide of the composition Al ₃ X, where X is Fe, Cr, Ni, Ti, Co, V, Zr, and the aluminum matrix is doped with at least one element selected from the group of elements: Cu, Zn, Si, Mg, Li, Sn, Pb, preferably from Cu, Zn, Si, Mg, in the following ratio of matrix and hardener, at.%:
hardener 30-60 matrix rest,
wherein the composite material is obtained from a mixture according to any one of claims 1 to 5. 7. The material according to claim 6, characterized in that it further comprises at least one solid anti-friction lubricant selected from the group: graphite, sulfur, MoS ₂ , WS ₂ , NbS ₂ , TaS ₂ , VS ₂ , LiF, CaF ₂ , BaF ₂ , SrF ₂ , PbF ₂ , ZnS, PbS, CuS, Cu ₂ S, FeS, FeP, Sb ₂ S ₃ , WTe ₂ , WSe ₂ , MoSe ₂ , NbSe ₂ , TiSe ₂ , PbO, Pb ₃ O ₄ , TiO ₂ , CdO, in an amount up to 10 at.%. 8. The material according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that it has a porosity of 5-10%.

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