RU2499066C2 - Method for obtaining composite material from metallic powders with specified physic and mechanical properties - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: metallurgy.

SUBSTANCE: selection of components is performed using the following relationship: $$C_{com}={\displaystyle \sum _{i=1}^k{C}_i\cdot {\overline{{\rho }_i}}^{n_i}\cdot K_i},$$

where C_com - specified property of composite material; C_i - the same property of i metallic powder; $${\overline{\rho }}_i$$

- relative density of i metallic powder; n_i - porosity index of particles of i metallic powder; K_i - concentration of i metallic powder; i - metallic powder number (i=1…k). Relative density is determined based on equality of contact forces: $${\sigma }_{т1}\cdot {\overline{{\rho }_1}}^{n_1}\cdot F={\sigma }_{т2}\cdot {\overline{{\rho }_2}}^{n_2}\cdot F;$$

$${\sigma }_{т1}\cdot {\overline{{\rho }_1}}^{n_1}\cdot F={\sigma }_{т3}\cdot {\overline{{\rho }_3}}^{n3}\cdot F;$$

$${\sigma }_{т1}\cdot {\overline{{\rho }_1}}^{n_1}\cdot F={\sigma }_{тk}\cdot {\overline{{\rho }_k}}^{nk}\cdot F;$$

$${\sigma }_{{}_{T1\dots k}}$$

- resistance of plastic deformation of metallic powders; F - contact areas of particles of metallic powders and equations of the composite density: $${\overline{\rho }}_{com}={\displaystyle \sum _{i=1}^k{\overline{\rho }}_i}\cdot K_i,$$

where $${\overline{\rho }}_{com}$$

- specified relative density of composite material.

EFFECT: improving determination accuracy of the specified physic and mechanical properties of composites.

2 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering and can be used in the manufacture of products from powder metal composite materials.

, где E_i - модуль упругости i-го составляющего (металлического порошка) композиционного материала; K_i - концентрация i-го составляющего (металлического порошка) композиционного материала; i - номер компонента (металлического порошка) композиционного материала (i=1…k). Аналогичным образом осуществляют подбор компонентов, рассчитывая и другие требуемые физико-механические свойства композита, - теплопроводность, удельное электрическое сопротивление, сопротивление пластической деформации и др. После подбора компонентов производят их смешивание, а затем выполняют обработку давлением полученной смеси (Берент В.Я. Материалы и свойства электрических контактов в устройствах железнодорожного транспорта. - М.: Изд-во Интекст. - 2005, с.62).The closest in technical essence to the proposed method is a method for producing a composite material from metal powders with a given physical and mechanical property, in which the selection of components for the resulting material is carried out on the basis of the required physical and mechanical properties of the composite, which is determined by the composition, properties and concentration of metal powders. For example, the elastic modulus of a composite material from metal powders (E _com ) is calculated by the formula "mixture": $$E_{\mathrm{to}\mathrm{about}m}={\displaystyle \sum _{i-\mathrm{one}}^k{E}_i\cdot K_i}$$

where E _i is the elastic modulus of the i-th component (metal powder) of the composite material; K _i is the concentration of the ith component (metal powder) of the composite material; i is the number of the component (metal powder) of the composite material (i = 1 ... k). Similarly, the selection of components is carried out, calculating the other required physical and mechanical properties of the composite, such as thermal conductivity, electrical resistivity, resistance to plastic deformation, etc. After selecting the components, they are mixed and then pressure treated with the resulting mixture (Berent V.Ya. Materials and properties of electrical contacts in devices of railway transport. - M .: Publishing house Intekst. - 2005, p.62).

The disadvantage of the prototype is a significant discrepancy between the calculated properties from the experimental data due to the fact that the known method does not take into account the shape of the powders, their deformation and stress state during pressure processing, combining individual powders into a single composite material, which leads to an increase in the cost of manufacturing a composite material from metal powders with a given physical and mechanical property.

The objective of the invention is to reduce the cost of production of composite materials from metal powders by improving the accuracy of determining the specified physical and mechanical properties of composites.

, где С_ком - заданное свойство композиционного материала; C_i., - то же свойство i-го составляющего (металлического порошка) композиционного материала; $${\overline{\rho }}_i$$

- относительная плотность i-го составляющего (металлического порошка) композиционного материала; n_i - показатель пористости частиц i-го составляющего (металлического порошка) композиционного материала;The problem is solved due to the fact that in the proposed method for producing a composite material from predetermined metal powders with a given physicomechanical property, including selection of material components, their mixing and pressure treatment of the resulting mixture, characterized in that the selection of components is carried out from the expression: $$C_{\mathrm{to}\mathrm{about}m}={\displaystyle \sum _{i=\mathrm{one}}^k{C}_i\cdot {\overline{{\rho }_i}}^{n_i}\cdot K_i}$$

where C _com is a given property of a composite material; C _i. , is the same property of the ith component (metal powder) of the composite material; $${\overline{\rho }}_i$$

- the relative density of the i-th component (metal powder) of the composite material; n _i is an indicator of the porosity of the particles of the i-th component (metal powder) of the composite material;

; $${\sigma }_{т1}\cdot {\overline{{\rho }_1}}^{n_1}\cdot F={\sigma }_{т3}\cdot {\overline{{\rho }_3}}^{n3}\cdot F$$

; $${\sigma }_{т1}\cdot {\overline{{\rho }_1}}^{n_1}\cdot F={\sigma }_{тk}\cdot {\overline{{\rho }_k}}^{nk}\cdot F$$

, где $${\sigma }_{{}_{T1\dots k}}$$

- сопротивление пластической деформации составляющих (металлических порошков) композиционного материала;K _i is the concentration of the ith component (metal powder) of the composite material; i is the number of the component (metal powder) of the composite material (i = 1 ... k), and the relative density of the components (metal powders) of the composite material is determined from the condition of equal contact forces: $${\sigma }_{t\mathrm{one}}\cdot {\overline{{\rho }_{\mathrm{one}}}}^{n_{\mathrm{one}}}\cdot F={\sigma }_{t2}\cdot {\overline{{\rho }_2}}^{n_2}\cdot F$$

; $${\sigma }_{t\mathrm{one}}\cdot {\overline{{\rho }_{\mathrm{one}}}}^{n_{\mathrm{one}}}\cdot F={\sigma }_{t3}\cdot {\overline{{\rho }_3}}^{n3}\cdot F$$

; $${\sigma }_{t\mathrm{one}}\cdot {\overline{{\rho }_{\mathrm{one}}}}^{n_{\mathrm{one}}}\cdot F={\sigma }_{tk}\cdot {\overline{{\rho }_k}}^{nk}\cdot F$$

where $${\sigma }_{{}_{T\mathrm{one}...k}}$$

- resistance to plastic deformation of the components (metal powders) of the composite material;

где $${\overline{\rho }}_{ком}$$

- заданная относительная плотность композиционного материала.F is the contact area of the contact of the particles of the constituents (metal powders) of the composite material, and the density equation of the composite: $${\overline{\rho }}_{\mathrm{to}\mathrm{about}m}={\displaystyle \sum _{i=\mathrm{one}}^k{K}_i},$$

Where $${\overline{\rho }}_{\mathrm{to}\mathrm{about}m}$$

- a given relative density of the composite material.

The invention has novelty, which follows from a comparison with the prototype, inventive step, since it clearly does not follow from the existing level of technology, is practically feasible in the manufacture of products from powder metal composite materials.

The proposed method for producing composite materials from predetermined metal powders with desired physical and mechanical properties is as follows.

). Данный параметр учитывает форму порошков в результате осуществления пластической деформации при процессах обработки давлением (прессование, прокатка, осадка и др.), связанных с компактированием и последующим формообразованием для получения геометрии изделия. Причем для многокомпонентных порошков относительную плотность составляющих (металлических порошков) композиционного материала определяют из условия равенства контактных усилий: $${\sigma }_{T1}\cdot {\overline{{\rho }_1}}^{n_1}\cdot F={\sigma }_{T2}\cdot {\overline{{\rho }_2}}^{n_2}\cdot F$$

; $${\sigma }_{T1}\cdot {\overline{{\rho }_1}}^{n_1}\cdot F={\sigma }_{T3}\cdot {\overline{{\rho }_3}}^{n3}\cdot F$$

; $${\sigma }_{T1}\cdot {\overline{{\rho }_1}}^{n_1}\cdot F={\sigma }_{Tk}\cdot {\overline{{\rho }_k}}^{nk}\cdot F$$

, где $${\sigma }_{T1\dots k}$$

- сопротивление пластической деформации составляющих (металлических порошков) композиционного материала; F - площадь контакта соприкосновения частиц составляющих (металлических порошков) композиционного материала, и уравнения плотности композита: $${\overline{\rho }}_{ком}={\displaystyle \sum _{i=1}^k{\overline{\rho }}_i}\cdot K_i$$

, где $${\overline{\rho }}_{ком}$$

- заданная относительная плотность композиционного материала. Например, для двухкомпонентных композиционных материалов условие равенства контактных усилий будет равно: $${\sigma }_{T1}\cdot {\overline{{\rho }_1}}^{n_1}\cdot F={\sigma }_{T2}\cdot {\overline{{\rho }_2}}^{n_2}\cdot F$$

, а уравнение для расчета относительной плотности составляющих (металлических порошков) композиционного материала через заданную относительную плотность композита: $${\overline{\rho }}_{KOM}={\overline{\rho }}_1\cdot K_1+\overline{\rho }2\cdot K_2.$$

Для расчета относительной плотности композиционных материалов, состоящих из трех и более компонентов, необходимо составить условие равенства контактных усилий сначала между первым компонентом и вторым, затем между первым компонентом и третьим, далее между первым компонентом и компонентом k. Таким образом, выражение для подбора компонентов композиционных материалов из заданных металлических порошков с заданными физико-механическими свойствами примет следующий вид: $$C_{ком}={\displaystyle \sum C_i\cdot }{\overline{{\rho }_i}}^{n_i}\cdot K_i$$

, где С_ком - заданное свойство композиционного материала; C_i - свойство i-го составляющего (металлического порошка) композиционного материала, соответствующее рассчитываемому; $${\overline{\rho }}_i$$

- относительная плотность i-го составляющего (металлического порошка) композиционного материала; n_i - показатель пористости частиц i-го составляющего (металлического порошка) композиционного материала; K_i - концентрация i-го составляющего (металлического порошка) композиционного материала; i - номер компонента (металлического порошка) композиционного материала (i=1…k).First, the components of the composite material are selected for a given physicomechanical property (thermal conductivity, electrical resistivity, plastic deformation resistance, elastic modulus, fatigue limit, etc.). A distinctive feature of the proposed method is the use for the selection of components of the relative density of the metal powders that make up the composite, raised to the degree of porosity of the corresponding powder ( $${\overline{{\rho }_i}}^{n_i}$$

) This parameter takes into account the shape of the powders as a result of plastic deformation during pressure processing (pressing, rolling, precipitation, etc.) associated with compaction and subsequent shaping to obtain the geometry of the product. Moreover, for multicomponent powders, the relative density of the constituents (metal powders) of the composite material is determined from the condition of equal contact forces: $${\sigma }_{T\mathrm{one}}\cdot {\overline{{\rho }_{\mathrm{one}}}}^{n_{\mathrm{one}}}\cdot F={\sigma }_{T2}\cdot {\overline{{\rho }_2}}^{n_2}\cdot F$$

; $${\sigma }_{T\mathrm{one}}\cdot {\overline{{\rho }_{\mathrm{one}}}}^{n_{\mathrm{one}}}\cdot F={\sigma }_{T3}\cdot {\overline{{\rho }_3}}^{n3}\cdot F$$

; $${\sigma }_{T\mathrm{one}}\cdot {\overline{{\rho }_{\mathrm{one}}}}^{n_{\mathrm{one}}}\cdot F={\sigma }_{Tk}\cdot {\overline{{\rho }_k}}^{nk}\cdot F$$

where $${\sigma }_{T\mathrm{one}...k}$$

- resistance to plastic deformation of the components (metal powders) of the composite material; F is the contact area of the contact of the particles of the constituents (metal powders) of the composite material, and the density equation of the composite: $${\overline{\rho }}_{\mathrm{to}\mathrm{about}m}={\displaystyle \sum _{i=\mathrm{one}}^k{\overline{\rho }}_i}\cdot K_i$$

where $${\overline{\rho }}_{\mathrm{to}\mathrm{about}m}$$

- a given relative density of the composite material. For example, for two-component composite materials, the condition for equal contact forces will be equal to: $${\sigma }_{T\mathrm{one}}\cdot {\overline{{\rho }_{\mathrm{one}}}}^{n_{\mathrm{one}}}\cdot F={\sigma }_{T2}\cdot {\overline{{\rho }_2}}^{n_2}\cdot F$$

and the equation for calculating the relative density of the components (metal powders) of the composite material through a given relative density of the composite: $${\overline{\rho }}_{KOM}={\overline{\rho }}_{\mathrm{one}}\cdot K_{\mathrm{one}}+\overline{\rho }2\cdot K_2.$$

To calculate the relative density of composite materials consisting of three or more components, it is necessary to make the condition of equal contact forces first between the first component and the second, then between the first component and the third, then between the first component and component k. Thus, the expression for the selection of components of composite materials from given metal powders with given physical and mechanical properties will take the following form: $$C_{\mathrm{to}\mathrm{about}m}={\displaystyle \sum C_i\cdot }{\overline{{\rho }_i}}^{n_i}\cdot K_i$$

where C _com is a given property of a composite material; C _i is the property of the ith component (metal powder) of the composite material corresponding to the calculated one; $${\overline{\rho }}_i$$

- the relative density of the i-th component (metal powder) of the composite material; n _i is an indicator of the porosity of the particles of the i-th component (metal powder) of the composite material; K _i is the concentration of the ith component (metal powder) of the composite material; i is the number of the component (metal powder) of the composite material (i = 1 ... k).

Examples of obtaining composite materials with desired properties

. Для данного состава, при равной площади контакта соприкосновения частиц порошков меди и цинка, условие равенства контактных усилий примет вид: $${\sigma }_{тмеди}\cdot {\overline{\rho }}_{меди}^{n_{меди}}={\sigma }_{Tцинка}\cdot {\overline{\rho }}_{{\rho }_{цинка}}^{n_{цинка}}$$

или $$\text{56}\cdot {\overline{\rho }}_{меди}^{\mathrm{2,0}}=30\cdot {\overline{\rho }}_{цинка}^{\mathrm{1,8}},$$

где 56, 30 - сопротивления пластической деформации при горячих процессах обработки давлением порошков меди и цинка соответственно, МПа; 2,0; 1,8 - показатели пористости частиц порошков меди и цинка соответственно. Из условия равенства контактных усилий $${\overline{\rho }}_{цинка}=\mathrm{1,414}\cdot {\overline{\rho }}_{меди}^{\mathrm{1,111}}.$$

Линиаризируем:Example No. 1. Check the specific electrical resistivity of the copper-zinc composite with K _copper = 0.20, Z _zinc = 0.80 at a relative density of the composite $${\overline{\rho }}_{KOM}=0.70$$

. For this composition, with an equal contact area of contact of particles of powders of copper and zinc, the condition for equal contact forces will take the form: $${\sigma }_{tmed\mathrm{and}}\cdot {\overline{\rho }}_{med\mathrm{and}}^{n_{med\mathrm{and}}}={\sigma }_{Tc\mathrm{and}n\mathrm{to}\mathrm{but}}\cdot {\overline{\rho }}_{{\rho }_{c\mathrm{and}n\mathrm{to}\mathrm{but}}}^{n_{c\mathrm{and}n\mathrm{to}\mathrm{but}}}$$

or $$\text{56}\cdot {\overline{\rho }}_{med\mathrm{and}}^{2.0}=\mathrm{thirty}\cdot {\overline{\rho }}_{c\mathrm{and}n\mathrm{to}\mathrm{but}}^{1.8},$$

where 56, 30 - plastic deformation resistance during hot processes of pressure treatment of powders of copper and zinc, respectively, MPa; 2.0; 1.8 - indicators of porosity of particles of powders of copper and zinc, respectively. From the condition of equality of contact efforts $${\overline{\rho }}_{c\mathrm{and}n\mathrm{to}\mathrm{but}}=\mathrm{1,414}\cdot {\overline{\rho }}_{med\mathrm{and}}^{\mathrm{1,111}}.$$

We linearize:

$${\overline{\rho }}_{med\mathrm{and}}$$

0.5 0.6 0.7 $${\overline{\rho }}_{c\mathrm{and}n\mathrm{to}\mathrm{but}}$$

0.655 0.802 0.951

. Подставим полученную зависимость в уравнение плотности для данного композита: $${\overline{\rho }}_{KOM}={\overline{\rho }}_{меди}\cdot {К}_{меди}+{\overline{\rho }}_{цинка}\cdot {К}_{цинка}={\overline{\rho }}_{меди}\cdot {К}_{меди}+\left(\mathrm{1,48}\cdot {\overline{\rho }}_{меди}-\mathrm{0,085}\right)\cdot {К}_{цинка}.$$

Get $${\overline{\rho }}_{c\mathrm{and}n\mathrm{to}\mathrm{but}}=1.48\cdot {\overline{\rho }}_{med\mathrm{and}}-\mathrm{0,085}$$

. Substitute the obtained dependence in the density equation for this composite: $${\overline{\rho }}_{KOM}={\overline{\rho }}_{med\mathrm{and}}\cdot {\mathrm{TO}}_{med\mathrm{and}}+{\overline{\rho }}_{c\mathrm{and}n\mathrm{to}\mathrm{but}}\cdot {\mathrm{TO}}_{c\mathrm{and}n\mathrm{to}\mathrm{but}}={\overline{\rho }}_{med\mathrm{and}}\cdot {\mathrm{TO}}_{med\mathrm{and}}+\left(1.48\cdot {\overline{\rho }}_{med\mathrm{and}}-\mathrm{0,085}\right)\cdot {\mathrm{TO}}_{c\mathrm{and}n\mathrm{to}\mathrm{but}}.$$

Подставив известные значения, получим: $${\overline{\rho }}_{меди}=\frac{\mathrm{0,70}+\mathrm{0,085}\cdot \mathrm{0,80}}{\mathrm{0,20}+\mathrm{1,48}\cdot \mathrm{0,80}}=\frac{\mathrm{0,768}}{\mathrm{1,384}}=\mathrm{0,555}$$

и $${\overline{\rho }}_{цинка}=\mathrm{1,48}\cdot \mathrm{0,555}-\mathrm{0,085}=\mathrm{0,736.}$$

Определим удельное электрическое сопротивление медно-цинкового композита (R_ком): $$R_{ком}=R_{меди}\cdot {\overline{\rho }}_{меди}^{n_{меди}}\cdot {К}_{меди}+R_{цинка}\cdot {\overline{\rho }}_{{\rho }_{цинка}}^{n_{цинка}}{}_{}^{{}_{}}\cdot {К}_{цинка}=\mathrm{0,0172}\cdot {\mathrm{0,555}}^{\mathrm{2,0}}\cdot \mathrm{0,20}+\mathrm{0,10}\cdot {\mathrm{0,736}}^{\mathrm{1,8}}\cdot \mathrm{0,80}=\mathrm{0,047}\text{ Ом}\cdot м{м}^2/м.$$

Из эксперимента удельное электрическое сопротивление медно-цинкового композита с K_меди=0,20, K_цинка=0,80, равно 0,049 Ом·мм²/м (Жданов Л.С., Маранджян В.А. Курс физики. Ч. 2. Электричество, оптика, атомная физика. - М.: Наука, 1966. - С.89). Тогда отклонение расчетной величины от экспериментальной составит: $$\Delta =\frac{\mathrm{0,049}-\mathrm{0,047}}{\mathrm{0,049}}\cdot 100=4\text{\%}\text{.}$$

Then $${\overline{\rho }}_{med\mathrm{and}}=\frac{{\overline{\rho }}_{\mathrm{TO}\mathrm{ABOUT}M}+\mathrm{0,085}\cdot {\mathrm{TO}}_{c\mathrm{and}n\mathrm{to}\mathrm{but}}}{{\mathrm{TO}}_{med\mathrm{and}}+1.48\cdot {\mathrm{TO}}_{c\mathrm{and}n\mathrm{to}\mathrm{but}}}.$$

Substituting the known values, we obtain: $${\overline{\rho }}_{med\mathrm{and}}=\frac{0.70+\mathrm{0,085}\cdot 0.80}{0.20+1.48\cdot 0.80}=\frac{0.768}{\mathrm{1,384}}=0.555$$

and $${\overline{\rho }}_{c\mathrm{and}n\mathrm{to}\mathrm{but}}=1.48\cdot 0.555-\mathrm{0,085}=\mathrm{0.736.}$$

Define the electrical resistivity of the copper-zinc composite (R _com ): $$R_{\mathrm{to}\mathrm{about}m}=R_{med\mathrm{and}}\cdot {\overline{\rho }}_{med\mathrm{and}}^{n_{med\mathrm{and}}}\cdot {\mathrm{TO}}_{med\mathrm{and}}+R_{c\mathrm{and}n\mathrm{to}\mathrm{but}}\cdot {\overline{\rho }}_{{\rho }_{c\mathrm{and}n\mathrm{to}\mathrm{but}}}^{n_{c\mathrm{and}n\mathrm{to}\mathrm{but}}}{}_{}^{{}_{}}\cdot {\mathrm{TO}}_{c\mathrm{and}n\mathrm{to}\mathrm{but}}=0.0172\cdot {0.555}^{2.0}\cdot 0.20+0.10\cdot {0.736}^{1.8}\cdot 0.80=\mathrm{0,047}\text{Ohm}\cdot m{m}^2/m.$$

From the experiment, the electrical resistivity of the copper-zinc composite with K _copper = 0.20, _Zn K = 0.80, is equal to 0.049 Ohm · mm ² / m (Zhdanov L.S., Maranjyan V.A. Physics course. Part 2 Electricity, Optics, Atomic Physics. - M .: Nauka, 1966. - P.89). Then the deviation of the calculated value from the experimental will be: $$\Delta =\frac{\mathrm{0,049}-\mathrm{0,047}}{\mathrm{0,049}}\cdot \mathrm{one\; hundred}=\mathrm{four}\text{\%}\text{.}$$

We calculate the electrical resistivity of the copper-zinc composite with K _copper = 0.20, K _zinc = 0.80 according to the formula "mixture" of the method selected as the prototype of the invention: R _com = R _copper · R _copper + R _zinc · R _zinc = 0.0172 · 0.20 + 0.10 · 0.80 = 0.083 Ohm · mm ² / m. Then the deviation of the calculated value by the formula "mixture" from the experimental will be: $$\Delta =\frac{\mathrm{0,083}-\mathrm{0,049}}{\mathrm{0,083}}\cdot \mathrm{one\; hundred}=41\text{\%}$$

раз, что позволит снизить затраты на производство изделий из заданных порошковых металлических композиционных материалов за счет сокращения количества изделий с недопустимым отклонением от требуемых физико-механических свойств (брак).Thus, in the proposed method, the accuracy of the selection of components, based on a given electrical resistivity for a copper-zinc composite, increases in $$\frac{41}{\mathrm{four}}\approx 10$$

times, which will reduce the cost of manufacturing products from predetermined powder metal composite materials by reducing the number of products with an unacceptable deviation from the required physical and mechanical properties (marriage).

It is especially important to increase the accuracy of determining the specified physicomechanical properties of composites in strength calculations. So, for example, increasing the accuracy of calculating the resistance to plastic deformation will allow the use of equipment with less effort, which will lead to lower costs for the production of powder metal composite materials.

=0,85. Запишем условие равенства контактных усилий между частицами порошков железа и меди, при равной площади контакта соприкосновения частиц: $${\sigma }_{тжелеза}\cdot {\overline{\rho }}_{железа}^{n_{железа}}={\sigma }_{тмеди}\cdot {\overline{\rho }}_{меди}^{n_{меди}}$$

или $$100\cdot {\overline{\rho }}_{железа}^{\mathrm{3,0}}=56\cdot {\overline{\rho }}_{меди}^{\mathrm{2,0}},$$

где 100,56 - сопротивления пластической деформации при горячих процессах обработки давлением порошков железа и меди соответственно, МПа; 3,0, 2,0 - показатели пористости частиц порошков железа и меди соответственно. Из условия равенства контактных усилий $${\overline{\rho }}_{меди}=\mathrm{1,336}\cdot {\overline{\rho }}_{железа}^{\mathrm{1,5}}.$$

Линиаризируем:Example No. 2. Check the specified plastic deformation resistance of the iron-copper-nickel composite with K _iron = 0.70, K _copper = 0/20, K _nickel = 0.10 at relative density of the composite $${\overline{\rho }}_{\mathrm{to}\mathrm{about}m}$$

= 0.85. We write the condition for the equality of contact forces between the particles of iron and copper powders, with an equal contact area of contact between the particles: $${\sigma }_{t\mathrm{well}eles\mathrm{but}}\cdot {\overline{\rho }}_{\mathrm{well}eles\mathrm{but}}^{n_{\mathrm{well}eles\mathrm{but}}}={\sigma }_{tmed\mathrm{and}}\cdot {\overline{\rho }}_{med\mathrm{and}}^{n_{med\mathrm{and}}}$$

or $$\mathrm{one\; hundred}\cdot {\overline{\rho }}_{\mathrm{well}eles\mathrm{but}}^{3.0}=56\cdot {\overline{\rho }}_{med\mathrm{and}}^{2.0},$$

where 100.56 - resistance to plastic deformation during hot processes of pressure treatment of powders of iron and copper, respectively, MPa; 3.0, 2.0 - indicators of porosity of particles of powders of iron and copper, respectively. From the condition of equality of contact efforts $${\overline{\rho }}_{med\mathrm{and}}=\mathrm{1,336}\cdot {\overline{\rho }}_{\mathrm{well}eles\mathrm{but}}^{\mathrm{1,5}}.$$

We linearize:

$${\overline{\rho }}_{\mathrm{well}eles\mathrm{but}}$$

0.6 0.7 0.85 $${\overline{\rho }}_{med\mathrm{and}}$$

0.621 0.774 1,0

. Запишем условие равенства контактных усилий между частицами порошков железа и никеля, при равной площади контакта соприкосновения частиц: $${\sigma }_{тжелеза}\cdot {\overline{\rho }}_{железа}^{n_{железа}}={\sigma }_{тникеля}\cdot {\overline{\rho }}_{никеля}^{n_{никеля}}$$

или $$100\cdot {\overline{\rho }}_{железа}^{\mathrm{3,0}}=65\cdot {\overline{\rho }}_{никеля}^{\mathrm{2,8}},$$

где 100, 65 - сопротивления пластической деформации при горячих процессах обработки давлением порошков железа и никеля соответственно, МПа; 3,0, 2,8 - показатели пористости частиц порошков железа и никеля соответственно. Из условия равенства контактных усилий $${\overline{\rho }}_{никеля}=\mathrm{1,166}\cdot {\overline{\rho }}_{железа}^{\mathrm{1,071}}.$$

. Линиаризируем:Get $${\overline{\rho }}_{med\mathrm{and}}=\mathrm{1,516}\cdot {\overline{\rho }}_{\mathrm{well}eles\mathrm{but}}-0.289$$

. We write down the condition for equal contact forces between the particles of iron and nickel powders, with equal contact area of contact between the particles: $${\sigma }_{t\mathrm{well}eles\mathrm{but}}\cdot {\overline{\rho }}_{\mathrm{well}eles\mathrm{but}}^{n_{\mathrm{well}eles\mathrm{but}}}={\sigma }_{tn\mathrm{and}\mathrm{to}el\mathrm{I\; am}}\cdot {\overline{\rho }}_{n\mathrm{and}\mathrm{to}el\mathrm{I\; am}}^{n_{n\mathrm{and}\mathrm{to}el\mathrm{I\; am}}}$$

or $$\mathrm{one\; hundred}\cdot {\overline{\rho }}_{\mathrm{well}eles\mathrm{but}}^{3.0}=65\cdot {\overline{\rho }}_{n\mathrm{and}\mathrm{to}el\mathrm{I\; am}}^{\mathrm{2,8}},$$

where 100, 65 - resistance to plastic deformation during hot processes of pressure treatment of powders of iron and nickel, respectively, MPa; 3.0, 2.8 - indicators of porosity of particles of powders of iron and nickel, respectively. From the condition of equality of contact efforts $${\overline{\rho }}_{n\mathrm{and}\mathrm{to}el\mathrm{I\; am}}=\mathrm{1,166}\cdot {\overline{\rho }}_{\mathrm{well}eles\mathrm{but}}^{\mathrm{1,071}}.$$

. We linearize:

$${\overline{\rho }}_{\mathrm{well}eles\mathrm{but}}$$

0.6 0.7 0.85 $${\overline{\rho }}_{n\mathrm{and}\mathrm{to}el\mathrm{I\; am}}$$

0.675 0.796 0.98

. Подставим полученные зависимости в уравнение плотности для данного композита: $${\overline{\rho }}_{ком}={\overline{\rho }}_{железа}\cdot {К}_{железа}+{\overline{\rho }}_{меди}\cdot {К}_{меди}+{\overline{\rho }}_{никеля}\cdot {К}_{никеля}={\overline{\rho }}_{железа}\cdot \mathrm{0,70}+\left(\mathrm{1,516}\cdot {\overline{\rho }}_{железа}-\mathrm{0,289}\right)\cdot \mathrm{0,20}+\left(\mathrm{1,22}\cdot {\overline{\rho }}_{железа}-\mathrm{0,057}\right)\cdot \mathrm{0,10}$$

.Get $${\overline{\rho }}_{n\mathrm{and}\mathrm{to}el\mathrm{I\; am}}=1.22\cdot {\overline{\rho }}_{\mathrm{well}eles\mathrm{but}}-\mathrm{0,057}$$

. We substitute the obtained dependences in the density equation for this composite: $${\overline{\rho }}_{\mathrm{to}\mathrm{about}m}={\overline{\rho }}_{\mathrm{well}eles\mathrm{but}}\cdot {\mathrm{TO}}_{\mathrm{well}eles\mathrm{but}}+{\overline{\rho }}_{med\mathrm{and}}\cdot {\mathrm{TO}}_{med\mathrm{and}}+{\overline{\rho }}_{n\mathrm{and}\mathrm{to}el\mathrm{I\; am}}\cdot {\mathrm{TO}}_{n\mathrm{and}\mathrm{to}el\mathrm{I\; am}}={\overline{\rho }}_{\mathrm{well}eles\mathrm{but}}\cdot 0.70+\left(\mathrm{1,516}\cdot {\overline{\rho }}_{\mathrm{well}eles\mathrm{but}}-0.289\right)\cdot 0.20+\left(1.22\cdot {\overline{\rho }}_{\mathrm{well}eles\mathrm{but}}-\mathrm{0,057}\right)\cdot 0.10$$

.

. Тогда $${\overline{\rho }}_{меди}=\mathrm{1,516}\cdot \mathrm{0,812}-\mathrm{0,289}=\mathrm{0,942}$$

и $${\overline{\rho }}_{никеля}=\mathrm{1,22}\cdot \mathrm{0,812}-\mathrm{0,057}=\mathrm{0,934}$$

. Определим сопротивление пластической деформации железо-медно-никелевого композита $$\left({\sigma }_{тком}\right):$$

$$\begin{array}{l}{\sigma }_{тком}={\sigma }_{тжелеза}\cdot {\overline{\rho }}_{железа}^{n_{железа}}\cdot {К}_{железа}+{\sigma }_{тмеди}\cdot {\overline{\rho }}_{меди}^{n_{меди}}\cdot {К}_{меди}+{\sigma }_{тникеля}\cdot {\overline{\rho }}_{никеля}^{n_{никеля}}\cdot {К}_{никеля}=100\cdot {\mathrm{0,812}}^{\mathrm{3,0}}\cdot \mathrm{0,70}+\\ +56\cdot {\mathrm{0,942}}^{\mathrm{2,0}}\cdot \mathrm{0,20}+65\cdot {\mathrm{0,934}}^{\mathrm{2,8}}\cdot \mathrm{0,10}=\mathrm{52,}\text{79 МПа}\text{.}\end{array}$$

Get $${\overline{\rho }}_{\mathrm{well}eles\mathrm{but}}=\frac{{\overline{\rho }}_{\mathrm{to}\mathrm{about}m}+0.0635}{\mathrm{1,1252}}=\frac{0.85+0.0635}{\mathrm{1,1252}}=\frac{0.9135}{\mathrm{1,1252}}=0.812$$

. Then $${\overline{\rho }}_{med\mathrm{and}}=\mathrm{1,516}\cdot 0.812-0.289=0.942$$

and $${\overline{\rho }}_{n\mathrm{and}\mathrm{to}el\mathrm{I\; am}}=1.22\cdot 0.812-\mathrm{0,057}=0.934$$

. Define the plastic deformation resistance of the iron-copper-nickel composite $$\left({\sigma }_{t\mathrm{to}\mathrm{about}m}\right):$$

$$\begin{array}{l}{\sigma }_{t\mathrm{to}\mathrm{about}m}={\sigma }_{t\mathrm{well}eles\mathrm{but}}\cdot {\overline{\rho }}_{\mathrm{well}eles\mathrm{but}}^{n_{\mathrm{well}eles\mathrm{but}}}\cdot {\mathrm{TO}}_{\mathrm{well}eles\mathrm{but}}+{\sigma }_{tmed\mathrm{and}}\cdot {\overline{\rho }}_{med\mathrm{and}}^{n_{med\mathrm{and}}}\cdot {\mathrm{TO}}_{med\mathrm{and}}+{\sigma }_{tn\mathrm{and}\mathrm{to}el\mathrm{I\; am}}\cdot {\overline{\rho }}_{n\mathrm{and}\mathrm{to}el\mathrm{I\; am}}^{n_{n\mathrm{and}\mathrm{to}el\mathrm{I\; am}}}\cdot {\mathrm{TO}}_{n\mathrm{and}\mathrm{to}el\mathrm{I\; am}}=\mathrm{one\; hundred}\cdot {0.812}^{3.0}\cdot 0.70+\\ +56\cdot {0.942}^{2.0}\cdot 0.20+65\cdot {0.934}^{\mathrm{2,8}}\cdot 0.10=\mathrm{52,}\text{79 MPa}\text{.}\end{array}$$

.From the experiment, the plastic deformation resistance of the iron-copper-nickel composite K _iron = 0.70, K _copper = 0.20, K _nickel = 0.10 is 55 MPa (Kokhan L.S., Korostelev A.B., Roberov I. G., Mochalov AN The pressure treatment of metals and billets from compacted sintered metal powders. - M .: VINITI, 2008. - 253 p.). Then the deviation of the calculated value from the experimental value will be: $$\Delta =\frac{55-52.79}{55}\cdot \mathrm{one\; hundred}=\mathrm{four}\%$$

.

We calculate the plastic deformation resistance of the iron-copper-nickel composite with K _iron = 0.70, K _copper = 0.20, K _nickel = 0.10 according to the formula "mixture" from the method selected as the prototype of the invention:

$${\sigma }_{t\mathrm{to}\mathrm{about}m}={\sigma }_{t\mathrm{well}eles\mathrm{but}}\cdot {\mathrm{TO}}_{\mathrm{well}eles\mathrm{but}}+{\sigma }_{tmed\mathrm{and}}\cdot {\mathrm{TO}}_{med\mathrm{and}}+{\sigma }_{tn\mathrm{and}\mathrm{to}el\mathrm{I\; am}}\cdot {\mathrm{TO}}_{n\mathrm{and}\mathrm{to}el\mathrm{I\; am}}=\mathrm{one\; hundred}\cdot 0.70+56\cdot 0.20+65\cdot 0.10=87.7MP\mathrm{but}$$

Then the deviation of the calculated value by the formula "mixture" from the experimental value will be: $$\Delta =\frac{87.7-55}{87.7}\cdot \mathrm{one\; hundred}=37\%$$ .

раз.Thus, in the proposed method, the accuracy of the selection of components, based on a given resistance to plastic deformation for an iron-copper-nickel composite, increases $$\frac{37}{\mathrm{four}}\approx 9$$

time.

After selecting the components, they are mixed, and then pressure treatment of the resulting mixture is performed.

Claims (1)

A method of producing a metal composite material with a given physicomechanical property from predetermined metal powders, including setting the physicomechanical property of the material by selecting components taking into account the preset properties of the powders and their concentration, mixing and pressure processing of the resulting mixture, characterized in that it further determines the relative density metal powders making up a composite material from the condition of equal contact forces:
$${\sigma }_{t\mathrm{one}}\cdot {\overline{{\rho }_{\mathrm{one}}}}^{n_{\mathrm{one}}}\cdot F={\sigma }_{t2}\cdot {\overline{{\rho }_2}}^{n_2}\cdot F;$$

$${\sigma }_{t\mathrm{one}}\cdot {\overline{{\rho }_{\mathrm{one}}}}^{n_{\mathrm{one}}}\cdot F={\sigma }_{t3}\cdot {\overline{{\rho }_3}}^{n3}\cdot F;$$

$${\sigma }_{t\mathrm{one}}\cdot {\overline{{\rho }_{\mathrm{one}}}}^{n_{\mathrm{one}}}\cdot F={\sigma }_{tk}\cdot {\overline{{\rho }_k}}^{nk}\cdot F,$$

Where $${\sigma }_{{}_{T\mathrm{one}...k}}$$

- resistance to plastic deformation of metal powders;
F is the contact area of the contact of particles of metal powders, and the equation of density of the composite:
$${\overline{\rho }}_{\mathrm{to}\mathrm{about}m}={\displaystyle \sum _{i=\mathrm{one}}^k{\overline{\rho }}_i}\cdot K_i,$$

Where $${\overline{\rho }}_{\mathrm{to}\mathrm{about}m}$$

- a given relative density of the composite material,
wherein the selection of material components is carried out using the following relationship
$$C_{\mathrm{to}\mathrm{about}m}={\displaystyle \sum _{i=\mathrm{one}}^k{C}_i\cdot {\overline{{\rho }_i}}^{n_i}\cdot K_i},$$

where C _com is a given property of a composite material;
C _i is the same property of the i-th metal powder;
$${\overline{\rho }}_i$$

- the relative density of the i-th metal powder;
n _i is an indicator of the porosity of particles of the i-th metal powder;
K _i is the concentration of the i-th metal powder;
i is the number of metal powder (i = 1 ... k).