RU2356032C2 - Laser-luminescent concentrator, method of its application and method of producing optic waveguide tip (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics, measurements.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to measuring the concentration of luminescence agents by laser-luminescent concentration metres. In compliance with the proposed invention, the optical fiber tip rests perpendicular upon the flat or generating cylindrical surface of the carrier by three thrust ledges, and in fixed position, with no contamination of laser fiber and spectrum fiber end face. The specimen is illuminated by laser beam, and the graph of spectral distribution of a part of reflected laser beam in the form of peak and a part of luminescent flow in the form of hill are output on the computer display. Note that the hill shape allows judging upon the composition of luminescence agents, while the measured coefficient of luminescence excitation allows measuring the absolute concentration of luminescent agents with the help of graduation graph.

EFFECT: higher accuracy of measurement, higher efficiency and nice chances of application in various branches of science and technology.

22 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The group of proposed inventions relates to physics, measurements, research of materials by determining their chemical or physical properties, to systems in which the material is excited by optical means and it luminesces, namely to measuring the concentration of luminescent photoluminescent measuring devices in various biotechnological processes.

The application contains only basic information for a quick visual understanding of its essence, other information known from the prior art (phenomena, actions, parts of devices, etc.) may not be mentioned, but it means, but the actions are performed.

As the first analogue of the device, a set of devices was selected for counting the number of bacteria in the test material (“sample”) from test tubes to luminescent microscopes in classical bacteriological studies (/ 1 /, pp. 809 ... 814). This kit matches its purpose. The disadvantage of the 1st analogue: does not provide a quick and accurate measurement of the concentration of bacteria.

As the first analogue of the method, the classical method for counting the number of bacteria in a sample was selected, in which 3 consecutive dilutions of the sample in test tubes with a burn were performed, poured into Petri dishes, and the number of bacterial colonies grown in the processed sample with a changed composition of substances in the Wolfgugel chamber was counted (/ 1 /, p. 814). The method corresponds to its purpose: since the concentration of bacteria of the studied bacterial species in healthy people is known and constant (approximately), the number of colonies grown in a sample of a healthy person is approximately known, therefore, for diagnosis it is enough to know the deviation of the number of colonies from the norm.

The disadvantages of this analogue:

1. A patient is sampled in the form of a certain composition of substances, and colonies are counted in a substance of a different composition after a long time from 24 hours to 3 weeks (/ 1 /, p. 815). During this time, the bacteria multiplied and died, which was facilitated by the properties of the nutrient medium, which is not nutritious for all bacteria; more than half of the bacterial species are not yet known to science.

2. Uselessness in many cases, because due to the large loss of time between taking a sample and obtaining the measured values, they became unnecessary, because they do not correspond to the changed condition of the patient.

As the second analogue of the device, a laser-luminescent concentration meter was selected, containing a laser 1, optically connected to a 5 ... 8 spectrometer with a U-shaped system of light cables 2, 4 with the possibility of transmission when measuring part of the reflected laser beam (hereinafter briefly "beam") and part the luminescent flux (hereinafter referred to as “flux”) from the carrier with a sample in the spectrometer 5 ... 8 and highlighting on the computer 9 curves of the spectral distribution of the beam and flux, a power meter of the beam emitted from the laser bundle of the combined cable, set transparent non-luminescent test carriers in the range of operating frequencies of the concentrator, a set of tuning samples / 2 /. The end of the laser cable 2 (the short form of the name "light cable", like "electric cable") is built into the beginning of the spectro cable 4, forming a combined cable K, which is adopted as the lower end of the letter "U" (Appendix 1, Fig. 1c from / 2 /, in which, for clarity, we made a leader of the cable alignment place). The end of the laser cable 2 entering the place of beginning of alignment is adopted as the right end of the letter “U”, and the output beginning of the spectro cable 4 is adopted as the left end of the letter “U”; continuing these cables, we get the aforementioned U-shaped cable system. Laser cable 2 contains an axial fiber optic bundle (not called “fiber optic”, because D.S. Lotte, the founder of Soviet technical terminology as a science, pointed out that in complex words the roots should be from the same language), spectro cable 4 - six of the same axisymmetric bundles. The U-shaped system forms a sequential optical circuit: a laser bundle is a carrier with a breakdown of 3 to 6 parallel bundles, and the carrier with a breakdown 3 acts as a splitter of the reflected beam and the flux to 6 ends of the bundles. The spectrometer contains a spectrofilter 5, decomposing the streams from the spectral bundles into a spectrum, and devices 7, 8, converting the intensity of the spectral sections into the power of electrical signals input to the computer 9, which displays the spectral distribution curves of the flows on the screen. The beam power meter is a serial device. A test carrier is everything that carries the sample (from a glass slide to biological tissue 3, which is a carrier of bacteria). A tuning sample is a translucent body of a simple shape, for example, a prism made of an exemplary substance with a known concentration, moreover, a constant, luminescent, designed to set up a concentmeter. “Luminophore” is a too generalizing term, therefore, it does not explain the subtleties of the operation of the concentrator, therefore, it should be classified for the underlying classification levels: “laser luminescent” (briefly “luminescent”) is a substance that can luminesce in the working area of this concentrator with a sufficiently large the intensity that allows you to measure its concentration when illuminated with a beam of a given concentrator; “interfering luminescence” - a substance capable of luminescing in a working area a concentration meter with an intensity that causes errors in measuring the concentration of the laser luminescent upon excitation from extraneous reasons; “unmeasured luminescent” - a substance capable of luminescing outside the range of operating frequencies of a concentmeter (given for generality, is not mentioned in the application). This analogue corresponds to its purpose, therefore, for the first time in history, it provided the development of a method for almost instantaneous measurement of the relative concentration of microbes in the foci of diseases, i.e. the ability to diagnose without delay in the course of the disease allowed timely informed decisions to be taken to accelerate treatment, therefore, the developed method for measuring concentration, which was inevitably described in the same application when explaining the operation of the concentration meter, was just as inevitably adopted as the second analogue of the method for measuring concentration.

The disadvantages of the 2nd analogue of the device:

1. Not intended to measure the absolute concentration of luminescent.

2. There are constructive reasons for some errors, they will be considered after the description of the 2nd analog of the measurement method, because they are clearly manifested in the method and it is more logical to consider them there

As the second analogue of the concentration measurement method, the laser-luminescent method for minute measurement of the relative concentration of microbes is adopted, in which a sample 3 is illuminated with a beam of a combined cable K, which is abutted in the carrier, the spectral distribution curves of a part of the reflected light are displayed on the computer screen 9 a laser beam in the form of a peak (short name of the curve: "peak"), part of the laser stream excited by it in the form of a hill profile (briefly "hill") and the value of the measured luminescence excitation coefficient ii (briefly "luminescence coefficient") K _l calculated by the formula:

where I _x is the integral intensity of a part of the luminescent flux excited by the beam, I _p is the integral intensity of a part of the reflected beam, and K _{l is} taken as the concentration of microbes in arbitrary units / 2 /.

The advantage of this analogue is obvious: the concentration of microbes in a given substance is measured and at this time, the concentration reading is obtained almost at the moment of abutment of cable K into the carrier. The area of the hill is a record of the intensity of the entire luminescent flux that fell into the spectrometer (the integral intensity of the spectral, i.e. differential, intensity), this is the material trace of the concentration of microbes, we will follow it, for this we will write it clearly, mathematically, consider the basic transformations of energy forms and the power of the beam directed into the carrier (test tube) with the sample. The first part of the beam was reflected specularly (mainly from the outer surface of the tube) and scattered in all directions (as a result of collisions of photons with sample molecules), the second part was absorbed, i.e. was converted into other forms of energy, as well as into luminescent flows outside the operating frequencies of the concentrator, the third part excited a working luminescent stream, i.e. turned into him, sent in all directions from the sample. The 4th part came out of the test tube without interacting with the molecules in the form of a round truncated cone as a continuation of the beam from a laser bundle of weakened intensity. We write this mathematically:

where I is the intensity, and the indices are the initial letters of the layer (the names of the light fluxes): l (azeri), ref (open), sweep (open), lu (minescent), os (weakened).

Dividing both parts of f. 1 by I _l , we get:

where k are the corresponding proportionality coefficients. Multiplying the last part of f.3 by I _l , we get:

Consider the third part of the beam, i.e. the entire luminescent flow of the working frequency: 3 members of fl 2 and 4 are the same value, therefore:

where k _lu - coefficient of excitation of all fluorescent flow in a working frequency region, it depends on the frequency transfer photons the electrons to an appropriate higher energy levels, therefore, is proportional to the product of the concentration of photons on the absolute concentration of microbes C _and illuminated volume (beam) of the sample, so f .5 we rewrite it so, taking into account that the photon concentration and intensity are the same value in different units:

where k _pr is the coefficient of proportionality.

But a very small fraction of this part enters the spectrometer, which illuminates the ends of the fibers of the spectral bundles at an angle to the inner surface of the fibers less than the angle of total internal reflection. This proportion corresponds to the area of the hill, therefore:

- коэффициент использования потока для измерения (соответствующий коэффициенту полезного действия), "сп" - спектрометрический, т.е. коэффициент, преобразующий значение всего потока в долю, попавшую в спектрометр.Where

- the utilization of the flow for measuring (corresponding to the efficiency), "cn" is spectrometric, i.e. a coefficient that converts the value of the entire stream to the fraction that fell into the spectrometer.

Substitute in f.7 the values from f.6:

Since the values of the quantities in f. 8 are not known, the calculation of C _a by the formula

не возможен.

not possible.

But since I _{x is} proportional to the product of the beam by the concentration of microbes, then when measuring under the same conditions, incl. beam intensity, C can be measured in arbitrary units, for example, in% of the reference value, for example, from the highest ordinate on the screen. If the hill is two-peaked, this indicates that the sample contains comparable amounts of anaerobic and aerobic microbes. If the concentration of microbes in the sample of a healthy person is known, then according to C _a, in the corresponding sample of another person, the doctor can judge the concentration of microbes in another person as a preliminary diagnosis. It is also possible to assess the state of various parts of the body of one person.

Also consider the peak area. In f.2 and 4, the first terms are the same value, therefore:

where k _sp is the coefficient of total reflection of the beam.

But only a very small fraction of this part gets into the spectrometer, which also illuminates the ends of the fibers of the spectral bundles, i.e. I _p :

- коэффициент использования отраженного пучка для измерения.Where

- coefficient of use of the reflected beam for measurement.

We substitute in f.11 the quantities from f. 10:

Suppose I _x and I _p in f.1:

where k is the coefficient of proportionality, its value is not known, therefore it is impossible to calculate the concentration of microbes by the formula:

However, you can use the proportionality K _l concentration C _a for diagnosis, if you calculate the relative concentration according to the formula

в ф.11, ибо некоторые спектроторцы оказываются менее или совсем не освещенными, следовательно, возникает погрешность от дрожания пальцев. 2-е, осевая сила, прижимающая торец к грани, возникает так: пальцы сжимают кабель поперечными силами, обеспечивая трение между участками кожи пальцев и поверхности кабеля, благодаря силе трения покоя между этими участками на них создаются осевые силы, прижимающие торец к грани. Но это - распределенные силы, один участок длиннее другого, поэтому они изгибают кабель между ними, это опять вызывает клиновидный зазор между торцем и гранью ткани пальцев - не твердые вещества, поэтому действующие через них силы все время изменяются, зазор "танцует". 3-е, примем, что в какой-то момент ось кабеля перпендикулярна грани, но точка приложения равнодействующей осевой силы удалена от торца, поэтому кабель нагружен продольной силой сжатия, которая стремится вызвать продольный изгиб, а кабель - тоже не твердое тело, это способствует возникновению продольного изгиба, следовательно, клиновидного зазора. Таким образом, существует до трех одновременных "танцев" клиновидного зазора, служащих причинами погрешностей. Далее, торцы волокон и грань образца покрыты тонкими невидимыми слоями загрязнителей, они ослабляют интенсивность всех потоков, могут люминесцировать, т.е. являются еще одним видом причин погрешностей, поэтому при постоянном отклонении вершин пика и холма и К от образцовых следует вывод о загрязнителях, и они должны устраняться до допустимых погрешностей.where K _li and K _loth are the luminescence excitation coefficients of the measured sample and the reference one from which the measured values are counted, C _ai and C _a.ot are the concentrations (absolute, which are not known) of the same samples, C _o - relative concentration of the measured sample in%. The measurement of K _{l of} one of the tooth sites is taken as K _lot , and K _{l of} any other is _taken as K _li and, according to item 15, C _about any other area for diagnosis is calculated / 3 /. Also measure C _about various samples in the media / 4 /. The described beam transforms are based on the actions according to the 2nd method analogous to measuring the concentration. But the concentrator is a complex device, therefore, before the measurement, it is necessary to perform the steps according to its instructions: taking the sample, preparing the carrier with the sample for measurement, turning on the concentmeter, warming up, tuning according to the tuning samples to reduce errors and other actions. The meaning of tuning is that they measure the concentration of the luminescence centers of the sample, which is known and constant, for this purpose, the end of the cable K rests on the face of the sample with the fingers and the peak, the hill and the value of K _{l are} highlighted, if they differ from the standard ones, then there are reasons for errors, which should be eliminated as much as possible. “Properly abut” means that a flat end, perpendicular to the axis of the straightened cable K, is fixed motionless with the entire plane to the polished face of the sample, while the ends of all fibers of cable K, also flat polished and perpendicular to their axes, are pressed to the edge of the sample. Violation of this condition causes errors, and it is difficult to fulfill it for the following reasons. First, the fingers tremble together with the hand, so the cable axis oscillates around the perpendicular to the face, a wedge-like gap appears between the end and the face, the reflected part of the beam "dances" around the perpendicular to the face, asymmetrically illuminating the spectroductors (ends of the fibers of the spectro cable ) that changes

in f.11, because some spectroscopes are less or not completely lit, therefore, there is an error from trembling fingers. 2nd, the axial force pressing the end face to the face arises as follows: the fingers compress the cable with transverse forces, providing friction between the skin areas of the fingers and the cable surface, due to the rest friction force between these areas, axial forces are created on them, pressing the end face to the face. But these are distributed forces, one section is longer than the other, therefore they bend the cable between them, this again causes a wedge-shaped gap between the end and the edge of the finger tissue - they are not solid substances, therefore the forces acting through them change all the time, the gap “dances”. 3rd, we assume that at some point the axis of the cable is perpendicular to the face, but the point of application of the resultant axial force is removed from the end, so the cable is loaded with longitudinal compression force, which tends to cause longitudinal bending, and the cable is also not a solid body, this contributes to the occurrence of a longitudinal bend, therefore, a wedge-shaped gap. Thus, there are up to three simultaneous "dances" of the wedge-shaped gap, which serve as the causes of errors. Further, the ends of the fibers and the face of the sample are covered with thin invisible layers of pollutants, they weaken the intensity of all flows, can luminesce, i.e. are another type of causes of errors, therefore, when the peaks of the peak and the hill and K are constantly deviating from the exemplary ones, a conclusion about pollutants follows, and they must be eliminated to within permissible errors.

The time taken to prepare for the measurement is not the measurement time (although it is not large, it significantly exceeds the minute measurement time, reaching several minutes).

In addition to these common causes of errors, there are particular ones, depending on the types of samples and carriers: a glass slide, a cylindrical test tube, and the cable can be pressed into it or immersed in the sample, and other carriers. One of the features of beam reflection can be explained more clearly by the example of abutment in a sample due to the visibility of the conditions. Above they are considered without details in the ideal case, i.e. it was assumed that the ends of the fibers were pressed against the face of the sample without a gap, therefore, the entire mirror-reflected portion of the beam would go back into the end of the laser fiber, and the spectators would illuminate only the fraction reflected scattered from the molecules in the volume of the sample, the peak height would be small, comparable to illumination errors, which would cause errors in the calculation of K _l according to claim 1. However, in reality, there is always a gap due to manufacturing errors, we assume that its surfaces are parallel. The details of any phenomenon that are not directly felt by the senses are considered mentally, therefore, the laser beam entering the laser fiber can be represented as a bunch of photons flying in parallel (in the 1st approximation to reality) before reflection from the fiber surface, and their paths - in the form of intersecting broken lines, the lengths of which to the end do not always coincide; therefore, at the exit from the end, their phases do not always coincide (this can be seen from the flickering of the surface illuminated by the beam), however, these discrepancies are small and do not affect the measurement results eny. Imagine that a beam of photons diverging in the form of a round truncated cone enters the gap (in the 2nd approximation). One share of them is mirrored from the face in the form of an inverse cone, its edge illuminates the end of the cable in the form of a ring around the laser fiber, if the spectroscopes are located next to it. However, the beam at the edge of the cone is small, so the peak is not high. With an increase in the gap, the base of the cone increases, spectroductors illuminate the more powerful middle part of the cone, the peak has grown. But the illumination decreases with increasing distance in the 2nd degree, therefore there is a gap length after which the illumination of the spectroscopes begins to fall, therefore there is a gap length at which the peak reaches its maximum height (briefly “the largest peak gap”). If the spectroscopes are not close to the cable axis, then they are illuminated after reflections in the gap, the difference in the lengths of broken lines of the photon flight will increase slightly, but its influence on the measurement results is not noticed, the gap of the largest peak will be different. But in both cases, the peak height will be increased by the illumination of spectroscopes by diffuse reflection from the surface irregularities and from the molecules in the sample. Adjustment and measurement are performed in a darkened room to reduce flare errors.

Description of actions of the 2nd analogue of the method for measuring a sample in a carrier in the form of a slide with a sample under a coverslip. Starting position: preparation for measurement is completed, the end of the cable is in a disinfecting liquid, the edges of the carrier are cleaned. The specialist removes the cable from the liquid, with his fingers he tries to rest the end face correctly motionlessly in turn in the face of the carrier, selects the face on which the peak is higher for measurement. The reflected part of the beam contains parts that are mirrored from 4 faces of the glasses, including those reflected by them, which make "bunnies" (round concentric) at the end; with proper abutment, they should be concentric to the center of the laser end, we assume that this is the case, and their edges are around the mental circle described around 6 spectroscopes, as well as the part scattered from the sample molecules. The spectrometer contains the fractions of these parts, which differ in the place of reflection and are therefore sub-parts of the part according to claim 2, and the fraction of the luminescent flux, fluorescent and phosphorescent, if any. The computer in clock mode displays a slightly changing peak, hill and K _l , the specialist stops the curves and the average value of K _l , which is taken as C _a in arbitrary units, they are sufficient for diagnosis in some cases. Knowing K _l for such a sample of a healthy person, or measuring K of another sample under the same other conditions, the specialist calculates according to f.15 C _a for a deeper diagnosis.

Explanation of the course of abutment of the end face to the edge of the glass plate. The abutment begins with a random meeting of one protrusion of each surface, forming the first docking pair, this is an unstable position, the trembling of the fingers slightly changes the inclination of the cable axis, the 2nd pair is met at random, forming the rotation axis (mental), immediately due to trembling of the fingers the butt turns and meets the 3rd pair of protrusions. In principle, this is a stable position, but the flickers are shaking, turning the cable an imperceptible angle around one of the 3 formed mental axes of rotation; since there are peaks of other protrusions at the same height of each surface, immediately there is a 4th pair of protrusions instead of an already open pair (of the first 3), again a turn, etc., the butt "dances", peak, hill and K _l - also, there were errors in the position of the end face.

The action with the carrier in the form of a test tube is distinguished by the fact that the specialist tries to firmly support the end face so that the cable axis becomes an extension of the radius of the tube in its given cross section, although these are mental geometric axes, so the end face will oscillate at a small angle along the tube, and this condition can only be executed by accident. "Bunnies" from 4 surfaces will be oval-shaped with the same diameter as from the face parallel to the axis of the tube; for parts from the convex side of the tube relative to the beam with a large diameter perpendicular to the first; for parts from the concave side it will depend on the transparency of the sample and the diameter of the tube, although in a first approximation the bunnies are made round because of the small diameter of the beam. The main danger is that the tangent line will be far from the center of the end, so the beam will be reflected to the side, the bunny will not fall on the spectators, the specialist will fix it, but the bunnies from each surface of the tube will have a different shape, their centers will disperse and will “rush” along end, the indistinct bunny of the diffuse reflection from the sample will “rush” less. The errors will be large not only in the height of the peak, but also in the hill, therefore, in their integrated values of the intensities, but such measurements, although less accurate, are carried out.

The described work of the concentrator is explained by the method of dividing the beam intensity into parts depending on the phenomena of conversion of its energy according to claim 2, then by dividing its first part (reflection) into "subparts" at the place of reflection, and then isolating the fraction from the subpart that illuminated spectroscopes, which in reality is again divided into parts according to claim 2, but we accept that it reaches the spectrometer (and further) without losses, this is approximately correct, because we consider the intensity that illuminates the spectroscopes, i.e. the flow falls on them perpendicularly. Using this technique, you can predict the behavior of the peak and the hill when working with different media with different samples. When the end face is immersed in the powder, the peak will arise only from diffuse reflection from the surface of the powders and from their volume. When an end face is immersed in a liquid, only from diffuse reflection from it, if it is sufficiently transparent and there are no gas bubbles in it. With bubbles, the reflection conditions can be different and change quickly, if a large bubble covers all the ends of the fibers and is flat (the end face is horizontal, the liquid is stationary), the beam will behave like with a glass slide. If the small bubble "sat" on the end of the laser fiber, it gives reflection both from a concave mirror and scattered from the liquid. Bubbles on spectroscopes also affect the fraction that illuminates spectroscopes, including from the luminescent flux. In addition, the liquid that moistened the ends forms a layer of contaminants in front of the bubble. All this causes errors. Errors from exposure are not considered, because measurements are performed in a darkened room, although this makes it difficult to perform the action according to the method. This method surpasses the first analogue, because it is based on solving the latest achievements of lighting technology, therefore it allows you to solve much more complex problems much faster.

The disadvantages of the 2nd analog of the measurement method:

1. Measurement of the absolute concentration of luminescence centers is not provided.

2. Errors of change due to abutment of the end face in the carrier, because because of this the cable undergoes continuous angular vibrations, the ends of the fibers are dirty, there is no gap of the largest peak.

3. The inconvenience of working in a darkened room.

As a prototype device, a laser-luminescent concentration meter was selected, which contains a laser optically connected to a U-shaped system of light cables with a spectrometer with the possibility of transmitting, when measuring the fractions of the reflected laser beam and the luminescent flux excited by it from the sample carrier into the spectrometer, the mentioned spectrometer, a computer, electrically connected to a spectrometer with the possibility of highlighting a peak, a hill, and a measured luminescence excitation coefficient, a laser beam power meter, kits transparent non-luminescent test media, training samples and calibration graphs / 5 /. The prototype differs from the 2nd analogue of the device only in that a set of calibration graphs for measuring the absolute concentration of luminescent is introduced into it and test tubes with flatness are introduced into the set of test carriers. In the calibration graph, the luminescence coefficient is plotted on the abscissa axis, absolute concentration units are plotted on the ordinate axis, and a curve (usually direct) of the concentration is plotted from the points obtained when measuring concentrations in samples with known microbial concentrations. All other signs do not differ from the signs of the 2nd analogue, therefore, they are not repeated here. The prototype corresponds to its purpose, i.e. allows you to measure the absolute concentration in units of physical quantities.

The disadvantages of the concentration meter prototype repeat the disadvantages of the 2nd analogue of the concentration meter: the structural causes of errors i.e. the dying of the end face in the carrier and the lack of means to prevent errors from exposure.

The technical result of the alleged invention of the device is to eliminate these disadvantages, i.e. abutment of the end face in the carrier and the lack of means to prevent errors from exposure.

This technical result is achieved by the fact that in a laser-luminescent concentrator containing a laser optically connected to a U-shaped system of optical cables with the possibility of transmitting, when measuring the fractions of the reflected laser beam and the luminescent flux excited by it from the carrier with the sample into the spectrometer, the mentioned spectrometer, a computer electrically connected to a spectrometer with the possibility of highlighting a peak, a hill, and a measured luminescence excitation coefficient, a laser power meter a cell, sets of transparent non-luminescent test media, training samples and calibration graphs, according to the invention, the concentrator is equipped with a tubular cable lug containing an opaque non-luminescent and non-wettable liquids, for which it is intended to be immersed, a sturdy tube fastened together tightly with the end of the aligned light cable the sleeve behind the end of the cable, in front of which is the end of the tube with 3 supporting projections with the greatest distances between them and with vertices in the plane, which provides the gap of the largest peak when they abut the carrier, a light-protective skirt is placed on the tube with the possibility of its installation by friction force, a round safety bell is fixed at the rear end of the tube with a curvature forming less than the permissible curvature of the cable, the tip is equipped with a removable dustproof a stocking and a removable tuning cap with a flat hard mirror bottom, a set of dark boxes, case tip mating adapters with test carriers, a box for tuning samples were all mentioned parts are opaque and non-luminescent; in addition, the concentrator is equipped with a vertically block combined cable looper containing 3 vertical light blocks with flanges for pairing the cable with blocks whose curvature is predominantly equal to the permissible curvature of the cable, the axes of the outer blocks are installed with the least possible friction in the bearings above the concentrator at a distance less than the diameter of the block between them, the middle block is hung on a cable loop with an acceptable cable tension further, the tube is thin with an end face that does not cause unacceptable pressure ny crushing the surface into which it rests; further, an inner flange is made in the hole in the end of the tube, which guarantees coverage of the spectral ends by fractions of the reflected beam; further, the tube is made of an alloy with shape memory and curved in an arc with a curvature less than the allowable curvature of the cable; further, the tube is made predominantly with a pencil with supporting protrusions, mainly in the corners of a mental equilateral triangle; further, the protrusions are made in the corners of the mental isosceles triangle, built on the basis of an equilateral triangle, the middle line of which intersects the axis of the tube; further, a replaceable crown is sealed at the cut end of the tube with an end face repeating the end of the whole tube; further, the highlander of the tube is hermetically closed by a flat transparent non-luminescent film, the thickness of which is less than the height of the protrusions; and the film is made chemically resistant, like the tube, to the liquid into which it is intended to be immersed; then a set of samples is made with surfaces corresponding to the surfaces of the media; further, in the box for tuning samples, the samples are fixed on the inner side of the cover without touching with a separating film between the upper and lower parts of the box, an air hole is made in the bottom, the aforementioned film is tight and tightly fastened to the box wall with slack to maintain atmospheric pressure on its side when tightly closed lid, and its upper side is made of adhesive; further, a dark carrier box containing a bottom, a quick-change lid with a dropable handle and a window in the ceiling with the possibility of closing it with a shutter with a guide for the tip in its middle and water slots around it, a washer dressed on a rail with water slots; further, a case adapter of a tip with test media containing a stable bench-top case with the longest test tube with a seat for carriers in the form of a rectangular well and a hole for the tip with a non-magnetic tube perpendicular to the axis of the well in the plane of symmetry, a test wedge clamp is placed in the well, containing a wedge-shaped bar fastened by its long edge with a narrow edge of the well opposite the hole for the tip with the wedge up, an oblique wedge mated with an oblique wedge of the chat bar, the mounting plate, mating with the wedge and the carrier, in the other narrow face of the well along the mentioned plane of symmetry, a mounting groove is made in the form of a dihedral angle, in the edge of which the axis of the landing hole for the tip is directed at the upper part, an annular magnet is fixed at the opposite end of this hole with magnetic poles on the outside, and a magnetically soft ring fixed to the tip with the ability to maintain the smallest magnetic gap when the tip rests on the carrier; the narrow side of the well is equal to the diameter of the thickest test tube, the support protrusions of the tip are made corresponding to the carrier, a pocket is made in the housing for storing the oblique wedge and mounting plates, the housing is equipped with a light-tight cover with a height in the housing with a slot for the passage of the tip closed by flexible jaws; further, the mating device for the carrier in the form of a biotechnological stop product pipeline, the housing of which is made in the form of a clamp with the possibility of fixing on the carrier, perpendicular to the plane tangent to the surface of the carrier in the place where the carrier is transparent, a hole for the tip is made, where means for long mechanical abutment of the tip in a transparent place, mainly in the form of a nut, screwed into this hole and fixed in it, a pressure nut screwing the torus is screwed onto the protruding part of the nut with its protrusions to the carrier through a ring mounted on the tip; finally, the concentrator is equipped with lasers of various frequencies, spectrometers with working frequency ranges of luminescent fluxes excited by lasers, and cables for these frequencies.

As a prototype of the measurement method, a laser-luminescent method was selected for negative measurement of the absolute concentration of the luminescent, in which the carrier with the sample is illuminated with a laser beam from the light cable, the peak, the hill and the value of the measured luminescence coefficient are displayed on the computer, and the absolute concentration of luminescents in the sample is determined from the calibration graph / 5 /. The prototype of the method differs from the 2nd analogue of the method only in additional actions for constructing a calibration curve for measuring absolute concentration, these actions are not included in the proposal, therefore are not described for the second time, and all other actions are explained in the description of the 3rd analogue, therefore, they are not repeated here . The prototype method corresponds to its purpose.

The disadvantages of the prototype method are the same as that of the 2nd analogue of the method, except for the non-provision of measuring the absolute concentration:

1. Measurement errors due to abutment of the end of the cable directly into the carrier, therefore, the cable continuously experiences angular vibrations, the ends of the fibers become dirty, there is no gap of the largest peak.

2. Errors due to work in a darkened room.

The technical result of the proposed method is to reduce errors by eliminating the direct abutment of the end face in the work medium in a darkened room.

This technical result is achieved by the fact that in the laser-luminescent method for minute measurement of the absolute concentration of luminescents, in which the carrier with the sample is illuminated with a laser beam from the light cable, the peak, the hill and the value of the measured luminescence coefficient are displayed on the computer and the absolute concentration of luminescents in the sample is determined from the calibration graph , according to the proposed method, illuminate the sample with a stationary laser beam without touching the end of the carrier cable; in addition, illuminate manually, correctly resting the tip with 3 protrusions in the carrier; next, illuminate the sample by introducing a tip into the sample; then, the tip is inserted into the guide of the dark box, it is guided to a given place in the direction visually through the water slots and along the distance along the peak; next, install the sample carrier in the well of the case mating adapter with the carrier in a predetermined place against the hole for the tip using a wedge clamp, insert the tip into the hole for it with the corresponding protrusions at the smallest gap between the magnet and the soft magnetic ring, and put the cover on the mating device; further, the adapter is fixed to the carrier in the form of a biotechnological installation product line with a hole for the tip against the transparent place of the carrier, the tip is inserted into the hole for it with 3 protrusions into the carrier, the tip is pressed mechanically by means of the carrier for a predetermined time; finally, illuminate the sample carrier with lasers of different frequencies alternately and highlight peaks, hills, and altered luminescence coefficients using appropriate spectrometers and cables; in addition, the resulting peaks, hills and measured luminescence coefficients are transmitted by telemedicine to specialists. As a prototype of a method for manufacturing a light-cable tip, a method for manufacturing a tip with a cable is selected, in which a tip is put on the cable, connected with a heat-shrinkable sleeve by rest friction force, they are passed vertically through an opening in the runner of a posistor welder heated to heat-shrink temperature, without touching the hole wall, remove the cable with the sleeve fixed to it with a tip from the hole / 6 /.

The disadvantage of the prototype method of manufacturing a light cable tip: not intended for the manufacture of light cable tip.

The result of the proposed method of manufacturing a light cable tip is to eliminate this drawback i.e. manufacture of light cable lug.

This result is achieved by the fact that in the method of manufacturing a ferrule with a cable, where the arm is put on the cable, they are connected by a heat-shrinkable tube by rest friction force, they are passed vertically through an opening in the runner of a posistor welder heated to a heat-shrink temperature, without touching the hole wall, they are removed a cable with a sleeve fixed to it with a tip from the hole, according to the invention, a safety bell is fixed on the tube for the tip, the reduced sleeve is sealed to be cleaned the combined cable of the U-shaped cable system at its end according to the drawing, heat-shrink the sleeve with the above-mentioned actions, connect the system to the laser and spectrometer, turn on the concentrator, cover the sleeve with glue, pull the cable with the sleeve back into the cleaned tube until the ends of the sleeve and tube are combined, put the adjusting cap on the tube until it stops in three support ledges, continue to pull the cable into the tube until it reaches the highest peak, turn off the concentrator and cure the glue.

As a prototype of a method for manufacturing a curved tip, a tube bending method was selected in which a straight alloy tube with shape memory is bent to a predetermined shape, heated in this form to a storage temperature of this shape, cooled, straightened, fastened with a given device, heated to restore the stored shape / 7 /.

The disadvantage of the prototype of the manufacture of a curved version of the light cable tip: not intended for the manufacture of this version of the tip.

The result of the proposed method of manufacturing a curved version of the cable lug is to eliminate this drawback, i.e. manufacturing said tip version.

This result is achieved by the fact that in the method of manufacturing a curved version of the light cable tip, in which a straight tube of an alloy with shape memory is bent to a predetermined shape, heated in this form to a shape memory temperature, cooled, straightened, fastened with a given device, heated to restore the stored forms, according to the invention, give the tube a bending memory with a curvature of less than the permissible curvature of the cable with straight ends, with a straightened tube perform the steps according to the method of manufacturing the main variant of the tip, and only glue the part of the sleeve that is mated to the straight end of the tube with glue and heat the tip until the memorized shape is restored.

The invention is illustrated by drawings:

figure 1 - light cable tip at the end of the combined cable,

figure 2 - a dark box,

figure 3 - desktop mating with media in the form of a test tube.

The main concept of the group of the proposed invention is a significant reduction in errors due to the steady correct abutment of the tip in the carrier and to prevent contamination of the ends of the optical fibers. The main phenomena, actions, details, etc. are described. for a clear understanding of the application; the rest, known from the prior art, is not mentioned, but it is understood that the actions are performed, details may not be on the drawings, at the request of an expert, they can be added to the description. Tips are designed for short finger rests, for constant mechanical rests and for mixed finger-mechanical rests. The following is an explanation of each claim. If the size of the distance part is not specified, then it depends on the part used, and it is set by the developer.

1. The light-cable tip (briefly “cable tip”, shorter than “tip”) of FIG. 1 contains an opaque non-luminescent cylindrical round strong tube 1 not wetted by liquid, for immersion into which it, i.e. the terminal is designed fastened to the end of the aligned light cable K (briefly “cable”, hereinafter “K”, and the remaining cables with their definitions as adjectives) through a heat-shrinkable fastening sleeve 2 behind the cable end T, in front of which there is a front end 3 of the tube 1 with three supporting protrusions 4 with the greatest distances between them and with the vertices in the plane providing the gap of the largest peak when they abut the carrier, a light-protective skirt 5 is placed on the tube 1 with the possibility of its installation by rest friction force, on the back the end of the tube 1 is fixed to a light round safety bell with a curvature forming less than the permissible curvature of the cable. The tip is designed to implement the main idea of this group of proposed inventions, therefore, the end face 3 protrudes in front of the end face T, this prevents it from touching any objects and contamination of all ends B of the fibers (end face L of the axial laser fiber and ends C of the seven-sided spectral fibers), the protrusions 4 ensure the correct abutment of the tip , i.e. stable and perpendicular to the plane of the carrier or tangent to the cylindrical or spherical surface of the carrier at the point of intersection by its extension of the cable axis with the gap of the largest peak for a flat surface. This gap is 1 ... 2 mm (it depends on the distance of the ends C from the end A, therefore the protrusions 4 have a small height so that they have no "rivals", the end 3, which is the end of the tube 1 and the tip, is made in a high purity class. The heat-shrinkable sleeve 2 makes it possible to simplify the side of the whole tube 1 with the cable (see paragraph 24), therefore, to increase labor productivity and lower cost. Skirt 5 is designed to reduce errors from exposure, it is made of ductile polymer, its hole diameter is slightly smaller than the diameter of the tubes 1 to put it on the tube, overcoming the friction force, and self-holding it by the rest friction force in the absence of external forces.The thickness of the skirt 5 decreases to its edge, therefore, its bending compliance increases to the edge, when abutting against an uneven surface of the carrier, the edge is tightly pressed to the depressions, preventing the external light from illuminating the volume illuminated by the beam, and consequently, the illumination by the reflected external light of the ends C. The bell 6 is designed to reduce the light conduction of the cable fibers in case of accidental bending of the cable with a curvature more permissible mine (approximately 1/5 cm) in the most dangerous place: at the exit of the solid tube 1. The forming bell has a radius of curvature of slightly more than 5 cm (depending on the cable brand) on an arc of 270 ° and tangentially reaches the beginning of the bell 6, forming a cavity ; to prevent collapse of the socket by the pressure difference of the external and internal air in the wall of the socket 6, a breathing hole with a dust filter is made. Due to the recession of the end face T for the end face 3, the main reason for the contamination of the end faces A and C was eliminated, however, another reason became aggravated: behind the end face 3 a cavity 7 was formed, and any cavity connected with the outside air works like a two-stroke dust “pump”: with an increase in the external pressure or temperature, a small fraction of air with a low concentration of dust and vapors is pressed into the cavity 7 (1st cycle), the dust is deposited, and the vapor condenses on the wall of the cavity at the end face T, including at the ends L (hereinafter the L-end) and ends C ( further C-ends), and when the pressure drops and t mperatury part became more pure air is pressed out of the cavity 7 (Step 2), freeing up space for new portions of air at the 1st cycle. Therefore, in the proposed group of inventions, means and actions are provided to reduce pollution of the L- and C-ends: a removable anti-dust stocking and a box for samples (item 11). This stocking is made of a sealed elastic polymer film, before changing it is worn on the tip with an interference fit, it is rolled up before measurement, it takes on a shape resembling that it is placed in a casket. A removable tuning cap is similar to a dusty stocking, but has a hard mirror bottom, it is put on the tip when assembling the tip with the cable, and the gap between the T-end and end 3 is adjusted to obtain the largest peak (item 24). The dark box is described in clause 12, the conjugators are described in clauses 13 and 14. All parts of the concentrator are fastened to a table for it, including a wheeled one, for placement in the Quality Control Department, at conveyors and biotechnological plants for the production of food, medical and other products, in clinics; parts can be fixed in special mobile devices; cars, planes and ships of the Ministry of Emergencies, in army armored all-terrain vehicles, etc. For all removable parts and cable with a tip, means of their fastening are provided in a marching manner. In each solution described in the following paragraphs, the solutions appropriate for them described in other paragraphs may be used.

2. The vertical-block looper of the combined cable is designed to prevent fiber breaks during accidental bending of the cable with a curvature more acceptable when, for example, the tip is quickly transferred from one abutment point to another at a certain distance. The looper contains 3 vertical blocks with flanges for pairing with the cable, the curvature of which is predominantly equal to the permissible curvature of the cable, the axes of the outermost blocks are installed with the least possible friction in the bearings above the hub at a distance less than the diameter between them (for cheapness, all blocks are the same), the middle block is suspended from cable loop with permissible cable tension. Each bearing of the outermost block, the axis of which is horizontally suspended on flexible threads attached to the U- or L-shaped racks, fastened with the concentrator table, and in special movable means, to suitable places, so the blocks easily turn in the direction where the cable pulls them following the tip, for the edges of the blocks do not allow the cable to come off the blocks.

3. The thin tip is designed to measure in narrow cavities, therefore its tube 1 is made thin with an end face 3 that does not cause unacceptable pressure of crushing on the surface on which it rests, for example, in the oral mucosa, therefore, the wall of the tube 1 should not be too thin .

4. The inner diameter of the tube 1 is larger than the diameter of the mental circle described around the C-ends, the inlet into the cavity 7 may already be to better prevent the ingress of large particles and liquids into it, and the diameter of the entrance to the cavity 7 is sufficient for measurement, at which a reflected beam of such a diameter passes that its bunny covers all C-ends with its edge to fulfill this condition. An internal flange is made in the opening of the end-face 3, which guarantees coverage of the C-ends with fractions of the reflected beam. This collar can be made in the form of a nut with an external thread screwed into the tube 1 flush with the end face 3 and fixed there. The developer sets the inner diameter of the nut so that the bead does not reduce the part of the luminescent flux illuminating the C-ends, this is possible, because the bunny from the beam on an opaque sample and the almost cylindrical volume illuminated by the beam in the sample have diameters slightly larger than the diameter of the L-end, so they can take for point sources, the entire fraction of the diverging stream from such a source of the stream, which fell on the T-end outside the C-ends, does not affect the measurement.

5. The curved tip is designed to measure in places inaccessible to the direct tip: in the cavities of barrels, vessels with holes as a result of explosions, in pipes whose diameter is less than the length of the direct tip with a bell, and in the body cavities, for example, in the oral cavity for examining the condition teeth etc. Tube 1 of such a tip is made of an alloy with a shape memory and curved along an arc of less curvature than the permissible curvature of the cable (see section 25), the ends of the tube are straight to maintain the perpendicularity of the K-end of the axis of tube 1 (hereinafter, the “position” number absent, because there is no other tube in the description) and the socket mount 6. A bend of more than 180 ° is usually not needed, because tips with a smaller bend can be used.

6. For the greatest convenience of work, a tip with a thickness of approximately a pencil is intended, because in the course of evolution, fingers acquired the property of the most convenient handling of rods of such thickness. In such a tip, designed to abut against hard flat surfaces, both elastic and acquiring a flat shape when abutting in them, for example, skin, the tube is made predominantly with a pencil with projections 4 in the corners of an equilateral mental triangle. The most stable abutment of the tip provides the greatest distance between the protrusions, therefore they are made on the edge of the end 3. This tip is designed to abut against ball (convex and concave) surfaces, because the tangent plane to such surfaces at the point of intersection with the cable axis is perpendicular to the cable axis, so the center the bunny of the reflected beam will be at the L-end, but the peak will not necessarily be the largest, because when reflected from a convex surface, the reflected beam will be diverging, and from a concave surface it will converge with focal m distance, depending on the curvature of the surface, and the focus may be on the L-end. For a surface with a certain radius of curvature, you can make a tip that provides the largest peak with a tuned cap. This tip can be measured when abutting against irregular surfaces, if you accidentally rest the protrusions at such points that the reflected beam hits the C-ends, even without the largest peak, however, such a tip cannot be correctly rested on a cylindrical surface, because the beam will be directed at an angle to the plane tangent to the cylinder at the point of intersection of the beam with this surface: for proper abutment, one of the protrusions 4 must have a height different from the other protrusions 4, but there is a simpler solution (see section 7).

7. To abut against a circular cylindrical surface, a tip is intended, the protrusions of which are made in the corners of a mental isosceles triangle, built on the basis of a versatile triangle (as in clause 6), the middle line of which intersects the tube axis. In order for a specialist to correctly direct the tip to the test tube, visible lines are drawn on the test tubes lying in the plane of the tube axis and the middle line of the mental triangle, and the tip is rested on the test tube so that the visible line is directed perpendicular to the tube axis, then 2 tabs 4 they will rest in the left (for clarity of explanation) forming tubes from the axis of the tube, and the 3rd protrusion 4 - in the right, which will ensure proper abutment. However, the height of the protrusions 4 should be greater than the height of the segment, in the cross section of the tube between the left and right generators, in which the protrusions are abutted 4. The peak may not be the greatest, but tips with the height of the protrusions 4 can be made, providing the largest peak for tubes of a certain radius, also for non-circular tubes with planes of symmetry, for example, elliptical.

8. Each tip with its cable is suitable for carriers of a certain shape, therefore, for different carriers there must be a set of appropriate terminals with cables, a crown tip with a cable is designed to reduce the number of such terminals, in which a replaceable crown with an end corresponding to the end face 3 of the whole tube with corresponding protrusions 4. The crown is made in the form of a nut with a self-locking thread threaded onto the tube flush with its outer surface so that ie formed by a groove, which will accumulate germs.

9. This tip is designed to prevent liquid from entering the cavity 7 when the tip is directed at a positive angle to the horizontal plane, for example, is pressed against a ceiling surface with liquid, for this end 3 of the tube is hermetically closed by a flat transparent non-luminescent film with a thickness less than the height of the protrusions 4, and the film made chemically resistant, like the tube, to the liquid into which the tip is intended to be immersed. The film should be flat with slots for the protrusions 4, glued or welded to the plane of the end face 3, so that the axis of the reflected fractions of the beam was directed to the L-end face. The film also prevents small particles from entering the cavity 7. The film may be part of a stocking worn on an interference fit tip. The film contradicts the main idea of the group of inventions (proposed) and may be the cause of errors, but it expands the scope of the proposed group of inventions to those conditions where the main tip cannot be used.

The manufactured tip may contain several features of the formula, for example, be curved (p. 5), with a crown (p. 8), with a shoulder (p. 4), etc.

10. This set is intended for more precise adjustment of the concentmeter, because when tuning the tip is abutted under the same conditions as when measuring with a carrier corresponding to its shape, because the samples are made with surfaces corresponding to the surfaces of the carriers, but the sample can have only part of such a surface for example, be a half cylinder for stability when the tip abuts against it

11. The box is designed to prevent contamination of samples even by dust. To do this, the samples are fixed on the inner side of its cover without touching the separation film between the upper and lower parts of the casket, an air hole is made in the bottom, the aforementioned film is airtight and tightly bonded to the four walls of the casket with a slack to maintain atmospheric pressure on its side with the lid tightly closed , and its upper side is made of adhesive. In the box there are departments for means for cleaning the ends 3, for a dusty stocking and other details, the need for which may arise.

12. The dark box (figure 2) is designed to prevent errors from exposure to the measurement of biological products and patient cavities (only with a lid). For this, the box is made up of a bottom 9, a quick-change lid 10 with a lowering handle 11 and a window 12 in the ceiling 13 with the possibility of closing it with a shutter 14 with a guide 15 for the tip in its middle with over-cut slots 16 around it, a washer 17 with a over-cut cut 18, worn on the guide. A flat polymer (for ease of cleaning) bottom 9, mainly square, with a groove 19 in the side surface for snapping the cover 10. The ceiling 13 is parallel to the bottom 9, the height of the walls of the cover 10 allows you to lower the end 3 of the tip below the edge of the cover 10 when measured in the human cavity (a at greater depths they measure without a lid, because light usually does not reach a greater depth). In the upper part of the wall of the lid 10, in its vertical plane of symmetry, trunnions for the U-shaped handle 11 for carrying the box are made. The ceiling window 12 is made in the ceiling 13, half the size of the ceiling 13, so that the window 12 is always closed by the shutter even with the greatest shift of the shutter 14, because the guide 15 will abut the edge of the window 12 and the edge of the shutter 14 will not reach the edge of the window 12 by a radius guide 15. This ensures the ratio of the inspected bottom area to the entire area with the shutter with the dimensions of the ceiling 13. In the middle of the shutter 14, a circular cylindrical guide 15 is fixed, the axis of which crosses the flat shutter 14 at its center perpendicularly. The diameter of the threaded end of the guide 15 is smaller than its outer diameter; therefore, the shutter 14 is sandwiched between a circular ledge on the guide 15 and a round pressure nut 20 with a diameter of the guide 15. In the shutter 14, 4 (for example) radial cuts are made around the guide 15 to guide the tip in the direction desired media location. A washer 17 (FIG. 2) is mounted on the nut 20 with one over-cut slot 18. The length of the guide 15 is approximately half the height of the cover 10, if the height of the carrier is less than half the height of the cover, then the guide 15 is inside the cover 10 (FIG. 2), and if the height of the carrier is greater, the shutter 14 is turned upside down by the guide 15, the washer 17 is put on it. At the bottom 9 there may be means for attaching the media (holes or clamps, etc.). The drawback of this box is that the bottom area 9 "examined" by the tip is small, to eliminate this the ceiling 13 is cut off, the upper edge of the wall is directed outward parallel to the bottom 9, the dimensions of the shutter 14 are 2 times larger than the ceiling 12, but it is stored at the concentrator, it is used for measurements, and when carrying the box is covered with a removable ceiling. The bottom may not be flat, but such that the same surface can slide over it (for example, cylindrical round), and the ceiling 13 and the shutter 14 are congruent to the bottom 9. All mating surfaces of the moving parts are made with the lowest reflection coefficient. In all the preceding paragraphs, handpieces intended for finger abutment are described, i.e. to support the tip only with fingers, this gives low labor productivity during measurements and errors due to finger vibrations, and this item, in addition to eliminating flare, first introduces a means for partially replacing finger support with mechanical, ensuring a constant position of the tip in the direction due to the introduction of the tip into the guide 15, this slightly increases labor productivity, because after pointing the tip along the distance to the stop in the carrier, it can be correctly rested by gravity, a specialist’s hand issta released during measurements, and the position of the tip is constant, therefore, at each beat, the peak and hill remain unchanged, and they do not need to be repeated to calculate the average value. However, in most cases, the need remains for the finger force of abutment of the tip into the carrier (and the sample).

13. The case mating device (Fig. 3) of the tip with the carrier (most often with a standard test tube) is designed to completely replace the finger support with a mechanical one, for this it (mainly a test tube) is made containing a stable tabletop housing 21 tall with the longest tube with a seat for carriers in the form of a rectangular well 22 and a hole for a tip 23 with a non-magnetic tube perpendicular to the axis of the well 22 in the plane of its symmetry, a wedge wedge clamp containing a wedge block is placed in the well 22 24, fastened by its long edge with a narrow face of the well opposite the hole 23 for the tip with the wedge up, an oblique wedge 25, mated with the oblique face of the blade bar 24, mounting plates 26, mated with the wedge 25 and the carrier H, in another narrow face of the well 22 according to the aforementioned on the symmetry plane, a mounting groove 27 is made in the form of a dihedral angle, in the edge of which the axis of the hole 23 for the tip is directed in the upper part, an annular magnet 28 is fixed at the entrance to this hole with magnetic poles on the outside, and on the tip soft magnetic ring is fixed with the possibility of maintaining the smallest magnetic gap when the tip rests on the carrier H, the narrow side of the well 22 is equal to the diameter of the thickest tube, the support protrusions of the tip are made corresponding to the carrier, a pocket for storing the oblique wedge 25 and mounting plates 26 is made in the housing 21, the housing 21 is equipped with a light-tight cap in the height of the housing 21 with a slot for the passage of the tip closed by flexible jaws. The housing 21 is made in the form of a transparent parallelepiped for mounting the carrier, usually in the form of a test tube H with the right place against the hole 23, there is a parallelepiped well 22 with the same axis of symmetry, the well 22 is through so that no contaminants accumulate at the bottom. A wedge bar 24 is a rack (Handbook of a machine builder, v. 1, Ch. Ed. M.A.Saverin, State Scientific and Technical University of Mechanical Engineering, M., 1951, p. 869) of a wedge mechanism designed for pressing the test tube into the groove 27, in the form of a parallelepiped with a straight vertical wide face equal to the narrow face of the well 22 (they are fastened), the opposite side of the bar 24 is cut off from about the middle of the height in the form of an oblique face, forming an oblique angle with the upper part of the straight face. Such an oblique section of the narrow face of the well 22 can be made, but the bar 24 is easier to perform. Wedge 25 is oblique, because it is not symmetrical to be the driving link of the mechanism; for this, its wedge angle is equal to the corresponding angle of bar 24; therefore, when wedge 25 slides down when the oblique part of the edge of bar 24 is pressed, its straight face is parallel to the narrow edges of well 22 and has the ability to squeeze a thick tube H into the groove 27 or through the plates 26 of a thin tube H or a slide with a sample to the edges of the groove 27. The mentioned angles are less than the angle of self-braking, depending on the properties of the oblique faces. The wedge 25 has shoulders so that it does not fall through the well 22 when the housing 21 is lifted from the table. The set of plates 26 is designed to fill the gap between the thinnest carrier H pressed into the groove 27 or pressed to its edges and the wedge 24, which is lowered almost to the end . Groove 27 is designed to automatically install the axis of the tube N parallel to the axis of the well 22 and perpendicular to the axis of the hole 23, its depth is slightly less than the diameter of the thinnest tube, and the angle is greatest so that any tube falls on the edge of the groove 27 and rolls to another face under the action of the plate 26 , but its edges should go to the narrow edge of the well 22, so that the last plate 26 abuts against the edges of the groove 27. The hole 23, in accordance with the previous information, ensures that the tip abuts automatically in the samples CGS or a glass slide by pressing a wedge 25 on top of a finger. Magnet 28 also ensures the correct abutment of the tip after it has been inserted into the hole 23 by the attraction of a soft magnetic ring mounted on the tip, with the possibility of re-fastening when measuring a test tube of a different diameter, so as to ensure a minimum clearance between the magnet 28 and the ring, since it forms a cylindrical tube, intersected by the axis of the hole 23, changes its place when changing the diameter of the tube, for which the mentioned ring is made, for example, in the form of a clamp. The magnet 28 is made in the form of a sleeve or nut with an external thread, it is screwed into the housing 21 flush, its hole is slightly larger than the hole 23 so that the tip does not touch it. Permanent horseshoe-shaped integral magnets are induced in the ring magnet 28, the policies of which are located on the outer surface, which significantly increases the attractive force of the soft magnetic ring. In the housing 21, behind the bar 24, a vertical pocket is made in the form of a narrow well for storing the wedge 25 and the plates 26 in a compressed position, for this a wedge of the same shape as the wedge 25 is fixed, edge up. The cap is designed to reduce flare, for convenience it has a body height of 21, and an opaque soft skirt is fixed on the edge for measuring long tubes or for measuring at the bottom of short tubes, while lowering the skirt to the base of housing 21, it has a cutaway incision, as continuation of the slot in the cap, for the passage of the tip, the slot is closed with flexible jaws.

14. The prototype is not intended for biotechnological production; to eliminate this drawback, a clamping coupler was developed, i.e. pressed to the carrier in the form of a product pipeline of an existing biotechnological installation for the production of wine, milk, etc. acting continuously during the warranty period automatically. This clamping coupler is a simplified bench-top test tube according to item 13 for a specific product pipeline: the body is made in the form of a light clamp with the possibility of mounting on a carrier, a hole for a tip is made perpendicular to the surface of the carrier on a transparent place, means for long-term use are installed at the entrance to this hole mechanical abutment of the tip in a transparent place, mainly in the form of a nut screwed into this hole and fixed in it, screwed onto the protruding part of the nut on imnaya nut, the pressing projections 3 of its end 4 in a carrier via a ring fixed to the tip. The clamp can be detachable to press against a working product pipe or with a slot for putting it on an open product pipe or on a transparent adapter inserted into the product pipe, especially if it is opaque. Known means for attaching the clamp should be vibration resistant, the clamp - light. On the outside of the hole for the tip, a mounting nut with an external thread is fixed, a pressure nut is screwed onto it, abutting the tip with the tabs 4 in the product line through a ring fastened to the tip, the pressure nut is freely mounted on the tip to the ring. The light cable is laid from the tip like an electric cable to the workplace of a specialist, observing compliance with the technology for the production of bio-products. In the future, when designing biotechnological installations on their product pipelines, seating will be provided for clamps or the tips themselves.

15. A single (red) laser operates in the prototype, the use of lasers of different frequencies expands the possibilities of using a concentmeter, because an additional laser with a different frequency excites in the same luminescent luminescent flux in a different frequency region, which makes it possible to more fully identify its properties, in addition, they luminesce other substances, therefore, the concentrator is equipped with lasers of various frequencies, spectrometers with working frequency ranges of luminescent flows excited by lasers, and cables for these frequencies. One spectrometer can give signals for highlighting spectroscopes from various lasers, but if its frequency domain is not wide enough, additional spectrometers are used. The cable system is equipped with optical switches for simultaneous or sequential display of spectro curves on a computer.

16. The main idea of this measurement method is to increase the accuracy of actions based on the use of constructive improvements of this application, namely: immovable abutment of the tip in the carrier without contamination of the L- and C-ends, obtaining the highest peak height, etc. The main actions of this method differ little from the prototype and the 2nd analogue, they are described in detail in this description in the corresponding parts, therefore they are not repeated, as well as actions and phenomena known from the prior art and logically following from this description, but available in mind and performed; the actions introduced on the basis of the distinctive design features of this application are explained. According to this method, the sample is illuminated with a stationary laser beam without touching the end face T of the cable (Fig. 1) of the carrier N. The beam is stationary, because the tip is stationary, because it is supported by the 3rd protrusions 4 into the carrier H, for the same reason, the cable end T does not touch any surfaces, even samples, carriers and liquids, therefore the L- and C-ends are not contaminated, and to significantly reduce dust from L- and C -torts at the tip after measurements always put on a dusty stocking. Before setting up the concentrator according to the sample, this stocking is removed, rolling it from the edge to the torus, but without a hole, put it in its place in the sample box, slide the skirt 5 to the end of the tip so that the hem of the skirt 5 protrudes in front of butt 3, open the casket cover, fingers tip the 3rd in the protrusions against a stationary sample of the same shape as the carrier to be changed, while the hem of the skirt 5 is tightly pressed to the surface of the sample due to the flexibility of the hem and sufficient friction of the skirt belt with the tilt surface In the case of a hedgehog, which prevents the belt from shifting, the illumination is significantly reduced; therefore, the error also decreases. The concentmeter is built up along the height of the peak, the tip is removed from the sample, and the box is closed. The upper part of the casket where the samples are located does not work as a dust blower, because the film between the upper and lower parts of the casket provides constant pressure equality on both sides of the film, so air and dust do not enter the upper part of the casket and do not get on the samples. Only protrusions 4 touch the samples, which are cleaned before they abut the samples.

Begin the measurement: the tip rests on the carrier, as in the sample i.e. correctly, the 3rd protrusions 4, therefore, motionlessly illuminate the spectroscopic curve without errors from tip swings, pollutants, flare and non-compliance with the gap of the largest peak. This clearly shows that the claimed method allows you to measure numerically the concentration values more accurately than the prototype, and with each step equal values are obtained if the concentration does not change. After measuring each carrier, the tip is lowered into a vessel with a disinfecting liquid, and after the end of the given measurement task, a dusty stocking is rolled onto the tip, which was rolled up in the form of a torus. Explanation of some minor actions. Before measuring, they clarify the problem, place the medium to be measured near the computer in a convenient place for work, select the tip (with cable) corresponding to the measurement task, according to items 3 ... 9 or the crown according to item 8. We assume that the desired tip is already in the vessel with the disinfecting liquid, the cable is in the looper according to claim 2, so the middle block hangs in the loop of the cable formed by its weight in the lower position with a guarantee gap to the table. The tip is moved towards the carrier, the cable is turned thanks to the edge of the near block, then the middle one, lifting it, then the far block, rest the tip on the carrier and perform a change, at the same time, bell 6 prevents accidental fracture of the fibers, returns the tip, the blocks also return to their original position under the influence of the weight of the middle block. If the carrier is not so close, then until the tip rests on the carrier, the middle block abuts against the end blocks, the specialist feels the cable tension, moves the wheel table with the concentrator closer to the carrier. If you need another tip, the combined cable is disconnected from the U-shaped optical connector, removed from the looper, placed in the keeper, the cable of the selected tip is inserted into the U-shaped connector, hung on the looper, the tip is cleaned, the concentmeter is adjusted according to the tuning pattern, as described, and performed measurements. In the following explanations of particular methods, with differences in their actions and designs of the tips with the correct abutment of the tip, uniform optical phenomena occur that provide the described significant reduction of errors for the reasons listed below. The end face T is a plane, the planes of the L- and C-ends coincide with it; the end face T is perpendicular to the mental axis of the straight end of the cable, optical fibers and the tip. The end face 3 is parallel to the end face T, the vertex plane (the mental plane in which the vertices of the protrusions 4 are located) is the same. The gap between the end face T and the vertex plane is the gap of the largest peak, when the protrusions 4 abut against the support plane, this ensures that the axis of the beam reflected from it coincides with the axis of the laser beam itself. When the protrusions 4 abut against ball and cylindrical surfaces, the mental tangent plane is considered (the plane tangent to the surface of the carrier at the point of intersection with the axis of the cable, the tip and the beam). The closer the tangent plane to the vertex plane (they coincide with a flat surface), the less optical phenomena with non-planar surfaces differ from phenomena with flat surfaces, this makes their understanding clear. The axis of a non-parallel beam reflected from any of the aforementioned non-planar surfaces coincides with the axis of the laser beam. The diameter of the laser beam is small, so in many cases it can be assumed that it is reflected from the tangent plane, which is located at the distance of the largest peak. The convergence (divergence) of the reflected beam, which causes a change in the illumination of the C-ends and the height of the peak, however, the decrease in illumination can be made up for a certain surface by changing the height of the protrusions 4, determining the change in their height using the tuning cap. The value of the sign “correctly abut” in the present invention and the prototype are different: in the prototype the end abut, this causes the described errors, and here the protrusions 4 rest, which eliminates these errors. All this is meant in the explanation of the following particular methods.

17. This particular method is intended for widespread use, because it is suitable for manual operations with tips of various designs with different carriers, in which the sample is illuminated manually, correctly supporting the tip with 3 protrusions 4 in the carrier. Use all the tips (paragraphs 3 ... 9), for some explanations are given here. Measurements with a thin tip (item 3) are indispensable in many cases, primarily for measurements in small holes, cracks, etc. In multilayer parts, as a result of heating and explosion, cracks form in the outer layer, exposing the 2nd layer, and substances that are of interest to investigators can remain on it. A well-known well-known example is a cracked layer of thick old paint, the protrusions of the thick tip (item 6) will abut against the paint layer, the end face T will be much further than the gap of the largest peak, and the protrusions of the thin tip will abut in the 2nd layer, i.e. there will be proper abutment. Further, when a thin tip abuts against a spherical surface, the tangent plane will be closer to the vertex than that of a thick tip (the larger the base of the spherical segment, the greater its height with the same curvature), and the gap will be closer to the gap of the largest peak. The same is obtained with a cylindrical surface. At the tip with a film (item 9), the film changes curvature with a change in atmospheric pressure, this changes the height of the peak. Features of the remaining tips are described in the explanations for their designs.

18. This particular method is intended for measurement in liquids and similar substances. In this way, the sample is illuminated by introducing a tip into it. Even when the tip is almost horizontally lowered into the water, the end face T will remain clean, air cannot leave the cavity 7, therefore, the liquid also cannot fill it, a meniscus in the form of a concave mirror will appear in front of the hole in the end 3. If the protrusions 4 abut against a specularly reflecting bottom (flat), the peak height will increase, but the refractive index on the meniscus at the entrance to the cavity 7 will intervene.

19. This method is designed to eliminate errors from exposure. According to this method, the tip is inserted into the guide 15 (figure 2) of the dark box, it is guided to a specified place in the direction of the visual eye through the water slots 18, 16 and the distance along the peak. An example of the method. The bottom 9 is placed next to the conveyor, the carriers taken from the conveyor are placed on it, installed in the slots or in the clips on the vertical projection of the window 12. Snap the cover 10 to the bottom 9. If the height of the carriers is less than half the height of the box, the shutter 14 is placed on the ceiling 13 of the guide 15 down, put the washer 17 on the nut 20, bring the box to the concentrator by the handle 11, lower the handle 11, turn the washer 17 until the waterway slot 18 aligns with the shutter slot 16, insert the tip into the guide 15 with friction preventing it from falling, observing through water slots 18, 16 behind the laser spot, point the tip in the direction to the desired place, moving the shutter 14, watching the peak, point the tip vertically to the highest peak height, turn the washer until the slot 16 is closed, take measurements. The tip is also sent to other carriers and measurements are taken. If the carriers are cylindrical, for example, ampoules with drugs, use the corresponding tip according to claim 7. If the tip is thin (item 3), an adapter for a thin tip is inserted into the guide 15 without gaps between it and the guide 15 with the upper flange to prevent it from falling. If the media is above half the height of the cover 10, the shutter 14 is turned upward by the guide 15, the washer 17 is put on the nut 20. If the carriers are placed along the entire bottom 9, a cover without a ceiling is installed before measurement, a double-sized shutter is placed on the wall and changes are made. You can use only a cover (with a flap), for example, to check wide plates of fat or surfaces after an explosion, as well as a person’s body and wounds on it, cover 10 is set so that the guide 15 is perpendicular to the measured surface, eliminating gaps under the edge using improvised means , a skirt made of opaque pliable material can be fixed to the lid to close such gaps.

20. This particular method is intended to further reduce errors due to mechanical abutment of the tip in the carrier, most often in the form of a test tube during measurement, as well as to increase labor productivity for the same reason. In this way, the carrier H is installed (Fig. 3) with a breakdown into the well 22 of the body mating tip with the carrier H at a predetermined location against the hole 23 for the tip using a wedge clamp, the tip is inserted into the hole for it with the corresponding protrusions 4 with the smallest gap between the magnet 28 and magnetically soft ring and put on the cap on the mating. According to this method, the specialist cleans the test tube (the thickest for descriptive description of the actions), enters it into the well 22, holds it with the fingers of one hand with the place to be measured, at the level of the hole 23, with the fingers of the other hand lowers the wedge 25 with an oblique face along the oblique face of the bar 24, the straight edge of the wedge 25 presses the tube against one edge of the groove 27, so the tube "rolls" along it as on an inclined plane to the other face, the specialist briefly presses the wedge 25 on top, the wedge 25 presses the tube into the groove 27, where it is held by forces t rhenium, because the angle of the wedge 25 is less than the angle of self-braking, the axis of the hole 23 intersects the generatrix of the test tube closest to the hole 23, and it is perpendicular, so the tangent plane will be perpendicular to the axis of the beam. The specialist inserts into the hole 23 horizontally the tip according to claim 7, the straight line on top of it and holds so that the magnet 28 does not hit the tip in the test tube, the tip automatically rests in the test tube correctly, puts the opaque cap on the housing 21, passing the tip through a slot closed with flexible jaws , all the way to the upper end of the tube, if the cap edge has not reached the bottom of the housing 21, lower the lightproof skirt, take measurements, a couple of measures are enough, because the tip is stationary, the concentration, as a rule, is stationary, peaks and hills are repeated at each beat, hands are free from the tip resting on the tube. If the test tube is thin (or the carrier is a slide), then the required number of plates 26 are inserted between the wedge 25 and the test tube, and the soft magnetic ring is re-secured along the corresponding ring strip on the tip to ensure a guarantee gap with magnet 28 so that the ring does not rest against magnet 28, but 4 protrusions in a test tube. The glass slide will be pressed against the edges of the groove 27 on the narrow edge of the well 22.

21. This particular method is intended for measurements in biotechnological production, for example, in biotechnological installations, in which the coupler is fixed on the carrier in the form of a biotechnological installation product line with a hole for the tip against the transparent place of the carrier, the tip is inserted into the hole for it with 3 protrusions 4 into the carrier, press the tip to the carrier with mechanical means for a predetermined time. The conditions of changes at such installations are different from those described above; they are taken into account in the mating device and the tip (item 24). The mating connector in the form of a detachable clamp can even be mounted on a working carrier, the concentrator with the corresponding tip is set up, inserted into the clamp all the way into the carrier, push the forked oblique wedge of the wedge clamp (paragraphs 13, 24) until it stops, the straight edge of the wedge presses on the shoulder , an axial (longitudinal) force occurs in the tip, i.e. power circuit of the tip with the carrier. Due to the possible closest location of the shoulder to the protrusions 4, even a large longitudinal force does not cause a longitudinal bend of the tip end, but provides vibration resistance of such a circuit. A cable is laid in the workshop to the computer in the premises of a specialist who controls the continuous operation of the installation. Subject to the technology, the concentration is within narrow limits; signaling devices for admitting tolerance can be installed. The tip works with a single carrier, so the end face 3 can be adjusted in the shape of the carrier. In the future, they will develop installations with seats for tips at different installation locations working on one computer.

22. The method is intended to more fully detect luminescent. According to this method, a carrier with a sample is illuminated with lasers of different frequencies alternately and the peaks, hills, and measured luminescence coefficients are highlighted using appropriate spectrometers and cables. With each laser, the actions are performed according to paragraphs 16 ... 21, according to the 3rd law of dialectics, an increase in the number of lasers has turned into a qualitative change, first of all, to more fully reveal the properties of luminescence, the 1st laser excites fluorescence and phosphorescence (for example) in approximately areas, they are indistinguishable at the first moment, they are repeated at each beat, so they cannot be divided. The 2nd laser excites only fluorescence, but it is superimposed on the incident phosphorescence flux from the 1st laser, so the corresponding part of the hill will decrease with time, which can be taken as a decrease in the fluorescence concentration, but after corresponding studies, this method is based on new phenomena will more fully reveal the properties of substances by simultaneously highlighting hills from different lasers filled at different times, etc.

23. This particular method is intended to mitigate the contradiction between the high performance of the claimed concentrometers, therefore, the rapid accumulation of measurement information in remote cities and even abroad where these concentrators work, and a small number of specialists who are able to make informed decisions on these data where they received. In this way, the resulting peaks, hills and measured coefficients are transmitted by telemedicine, together with the remaining necessary information, to specialists. This method is especially necessary in medicine, because it is often there that a specialist's quick decision on the measured data is often required (therefore, telemedicine arose).

24. This general method for manufacturing ferrules is based on solving the problem of simple assembly of an integral tube 1 with a light cable. According to this method, a cable tip is put on, a heat shrink sleeve 2 is connected to it by rest friction force, they are passed vertically through an opening in a posistor welder run, heated to a heat shrink temperature, without touching the hole wall, a cable with a sleeve 2 attached to it with a tip from the hole is removed , fix the safety bell 6 on the tube 1 for the tip, put the cleaned sleeve 2 on the cleaned combined cable of the U-cable system for its end according to the drawing, heat-shrink sleeve 2 mentioned by our actions, connect the system to the laser and the spectrometer, turn on the concentmeter, cover the sleeve 2 with glue, pull the cable with the sleeve 2 back into the cleaned tube 1 until the ends of the sleeve 2 and the tube 1 align, put the tuning cap on the tube 1 until it stops in 3 protrusions 4, continue to pull the cable into the tube 1 until the highest peak is obtained, the concentrator is turned off and the adhesive is cured. The bell 6 is fixed on the tube 1 at the very beginning so as not to damage the cable, all parts are cleaned, the cable is freely passed through the bell 6 with the end face T far far beyond the end 3, the blank of the heat-shrinkable tube 2 is freely put in its place according to the drawing at a given distance of the end face T from end 3, this distance is equal to several cable diameters, the diameter of the sleeve billet 2 is chosen so that the seated sleeve 2 provides a sliding fit into the tube 1. The exact values depend on the cable brand, i.e. its size and properties, they are determined by the developer, including settlement-experimental method after manufacturing and research of prototypes. The back end of the billet 2 blank is pressed against the cable with a temporary clamp, the end of the cable is plumbed to the hole in the runner of the posistor welder (see attached description to RF patent No. 2224654), heated to the heat-shrink temperature of sleeve 2, acceptable for the cable, the lower part of the sleeve is tightened on the cable even before entering the hole, remove the temporary clamp, pass the entire sleeve 2 through the hole and pull the cable out of it with the seated sleeve 2. The cable with the workpiece of the sleeve 2 is lowered vertically for the following reasons: the sleeve shrinks not only in diameter, but also in the axis, therefore, the bottom end does not move, but is fixed on the calculated place of the cable, the following sections gradually shrink, so the rear end of the sleeve 2 approaches the front, first overcoming friction with the cable from the temporary clamp; the increment of the sitting in each small volume depends on its temperature, if it is different in cross section, the warmer places will pull together the surrounding areas, the thickness of the seated sleeve in the cross section will be larger in some radial direction, and when the cable is drawn into the tube, 1 axis the cable will be coaxial with the tube, and if the workpiece is plumbed through a heated hole, the heating is uniform over the cross section, therefore, the seating is even, the thickness of the sleeve is the same, the axis of the cable is coaxial with tube 1. misalignment can cause errors with a thin hole in the crown (p. 8) and in the tip with an inner shoulder (p. 4). A posistor welder is used, because the posistor maintains its temperature when the ambient temperature and supply voltage change over a wide range. The sleeve 2 is covered with a not too viscous glue (as directed by the developer), pulled back into the tube, preventing the rear end of the sleeve 2 from sticking to the end 3, immediately after passing the top plane T end, put on the tuning cap on the tip, highlight the peak, observing its height, carefully they retract the cable until the peak growth ceases, the retraction is stopped, the glue is cured (from time to heat, etc.). The tip is assembled with cable. Small changes in the actions for manufacturing the features of some tips are described in the explanations of their designs. Determining the length of the billet billet. Conflicting requirements are imposed on its length: the end of the cable is a cantilever beam, the small length of the sleeve will not provide rigidity for sealing the end of the cable as a cantilever beam, a large length will require too much force to pull the cable with the seated sleeve 2 back into the tube 1. Several terminals with different sleeve lengths 2 from blanks of various grades and cantilever departures of cable ends of various grades; when the adjusting cap is put on, the peak height is noted, then rotated 90 °, 180 ° and 270 ° in the vertical plane and the peak height is noted, the shortest sleeve 2, at the same height, was recognized as suitable for accepting its data for the manufacture of a tip of this design. The tip for a biotechnological installation works under conditions different from those described: with a single carrier for the entire service life, therefore, the clamp for it is simpler than the test coupler (item 13) and fitted to this carrier; the installation vibrates, therefore, the mating device and the tip are made to meet the requirements of vibration resistance, which are known, in particular, the tip must be pressed against the carrier with great force, therefore, the tip is made as short as possible, equipped with an outer shoulder located as close as possible to the end 3 so that the tip does not there were longitudinal bends during a force circuit with the carrier, so the tip hole is made stepwise, like the barrel of a Kalashnikov assault rifle, with a narrow guide channel and a wide "chamber" for urta, and the collar cannot reach the narrow part; a parallelepiped groove (the wide edges of which are perpendicular to the hole for the tip) is made in the clamp for the wedge clip (item 13) of the tip to the carrier, similar to the wedge shutter of the ZIS-3 gun with the following features: the blade bar has an opening for the passage of the shoulder, and the oblique wedge is made in the form of a double-toothed fork with a notch for its displacement along the oblique face behind the shoulder for its power closure. This mechanism also provides constant mechanical abutment of the tip in the carrier for the entire warranty period, however, with the possibility of quick removal for repair and installation in place at the end of it.

25. This particular method is intended for assembly of a handpiece with a cable, allowing measurement in places inaccessible to a direct handpiece. According to this method, the direct billet of a tube 1 of an alloy with a shape memory is bent to a predetermined shape, heated in this form to a shape memory temperature, cooled, straightened, fastened with a given device, heated to restore the stored shape (see / 6 /), according to the proposed The invention provides the tube 1 with a bend memory with a curvature of less than the permissible curvature of the cable with straight ends, with a straightened tube 1, perform the steps according to the method for manufacturing the main version of the ferrule according to claim 24, whereby only that part of the coating is coated with adhesive Ulki, which is associated with the straight end of the tube 1, and heat the tip until the memorized shape is restored, the actions on the workpiece of the tube 1 made of an alloy with a shape memory are described in detail in / 6 /, therefore, only actions are described here with regard to fastening the cable to the tube 1. The ends of the workpiece remember their curvature so that the axis of the end of the cable is straight, and the ends T and 3 are perpendicular to it, the straightness of the rear end of tube 1 is needed for the convenience of attaching a socket to it 6. The cable is fastened with a straight workpiece that remembers its shape according to paragraph 24. During bending of the workpiece to acquire memory, sand is poured into it to obtain the desired curvature without breaking the workpiece. If the recovery temperature of the memorized form is higher than the cable temperature, the empty workpiece is heated to this temperature, and then a short traction-protective cap is attached to the beginning of the cable, which does not jam in the bend of the tube, gradually tapers and passes into a flexible elastic retracting leash for pulling the cable through the curved tube 1, introduce this lead to the rear end of the tube, push it until it exits end 3, pull the cable far beyond end 3 by the lead, disconnect the protective cap with the lead, then fasten yut, as described in paragraph 24, sleeve 2, etc. The force for pulling the cable through the curved tip is almost the same as with the straight tip, due to the fact that the diameter of the cable is less than the diameter of the channel of the tip, and not very large curvature of the tip.

The advantages of the group of proposed inventions:

1. A significant reduction in errors.

2. Significant expansion of areas of use: biotechnological production, detection of counterfeit products at the entrance control in warehouses, pharmacies, etc., during investigative actions after terrorist acts and disasters and in areas that the author cannot even imagine.

3. The increase in the production of such concentrometers and new inventions due to the emergence of new needs based on paragraph 2.

List of links

1. Small honey. Encyclopedia, vol. 1, p. 809 ... 816. M., 1966.

2. Alexandrov M.T. and other Diagnostic apparatus, application to the patent office of the United Kingdom GB No. 96/02604, 10.24.95,

3. Alexandrov M.T. et al. Method for the diagnosis of hard tooth tissues and its deposits, US Pat. RF №2112426, MKI 61B 6/00, 1997/98

4. Alexandrov M.T. et al. A test carrier and a method for rapidly measuring the absolute concentration of bacteria in a biosubstrate by their photoluminescence (options), US Pat. RF №2255978, MKI C12Q 1/06, 2002/05 (the prototype of the measurement method and device).

5. Smyslov I.I. The method of connecting cables using shrink sleeve, US Pat. RF №2224654, MKI V29C 65/18, 2001/04 (prototype of the method of manufacturing the tip).

6. Litvin D.F. and others. A method of manufacturing a heat-sensitive cylindrical spirals from alloys with reversible shape memory, US Pat. RF №1803466, MKI C22F 1/00, 1991/93 (prototype of the method of manufacturing a curved tip).

Claims (22)

1. Laser-luminescent concentrator containing a laser, optically connected to a spectrometer with an U-shaped system of light cables with the possibility of transmitting, when measuring the fractions of the reflected laser beam and the luminescence flux from the sample from it, to a spectrometer, spectrometer, a computer electrically connected to the spectrometer with the ability to measure the coefficient excitation of luminescence, a laser beam power meter, a set of transparent non-luminescent test media, a set of training samples and a set of graduation graphs, characterized in that the concentrator is equipped with a tubular cable lug mainly with a pencil containing an opaque, non-luminescent and non-wettable liquids, in case of immersion in them, a durable tube sealed tightly through a heat-shrink sleeve with the end of the combined cable so that it is located in front of the cable end the end face of the tube with 3 supporting protrusions with vertices made corresponding to the carrier at the vertices of a predominantly equilateral triangle with possibly long sides in a vertex plane with the ability to correctly rest the vertices in the sample carrier, a light-protective skirt is placed on the tube with the possibility of its installation by friction, a round safety bell with a curvature of the generatrix is fixed at the rear end of the tube, less than the permissible curvature of the combined cable, the tip is equipped with a removable dusty stocking and a removable training a cap with a flat hard mirror bottom, and the concentrator is equipped with a box for tuning samples, a set of dark boxes, a desktop and a clamp tip lugs with sample carriers, all of the mentioned parts being made opaque and non-luminescent, and a vertical block looper of the combined light cable. 2. The concentrator according to claim 1, characterized in that the front end of the tip is cut off and a replaceable crown with an end face repeating the end face of the integral tip is hermetically fixed. 3. The concentrate meter according to claim 1, characterized in that an inner flange is made in the hole in the end of the tube, which guarantees illumination of the ends of the spectral fibers with fractions of the reflected beam. 4. The concentration meter according to claim 1, characterized in that the tip tube is made thin with an end face that does not cause unacceptable pressure, leading to crushing of the surface on which it is abutted. 5. The concentration meter according to claim 1, characterized in that the tube is made of an alloy with shape memory and curved in an arc with a curvature less than the allowable curvature of the combined cable. 6. The concentration meter according to claim 1, characterized in that the end of the tube is hermetically sealed with a flat transparent non-luminescent film, the thickness of which is less than the height of the protrusions, while the film is chemically resistant, like the tube. 7. The concentration meter according to claim 1, characterized in that the samples in the set of measuring samples are made with surfaces corresponding to the surfaces of the media. 8. The concentration meter according to claim 1, characterized in that the samples are fixed in the casket on the inside of the lid without touching the release film between the upper and lower parts of the casket, an air hole is made in the bottom, the aforementioned film is sealed and tightly fastened with slack with the walls of the casket with the ability to maintain atmospheric pressure with a tightly closed lid, and the upper side of the film is made of adhesive. 9. The concentration meter according to claim 1, characterized in that the dark box is made up of a bottom, a quick-change lid with a dropable handle and a window in the ceiling with the possibility of closing it with a shutter, in the middle of the shutter a guide is fixed for pointing the tip, around the guide there are made-up slots, and the guide is wearing a washer with water slots. 10. The concentrator according to claim 1, characterized in that the table-top adapter of the tip with the sample carriers is made in the form of a stable case with the height of the longest test tube with a seat for the carrier in the form of a rectangular well and a hole for the tip with a non-magnetic tube made perpendicular to the axis of the well in the plane of its symmetry, in the well there is a test tube wedge clamp containing a wedge bar, an oblique wedge and installation plates, while the wedge bar is fastened with its long face to the first narrow g the front of the well opposite the hole for the tip and is installed with the wedge up, the oblique wedge is mated with the oblique face of the wedge bar, the mounting plates are mated with the wedge and the carrier, the installation groove is made in the form of a dihedral angle in the other narrow face of the well along the mentioned plane of symmetry, at the entrance to the hole for a ring magnet with magnetic poles is fixed on the outside with the possibility of maintaining the smallest possible air gap when abutting the tip carrier on which the magnesium is fixed a soft ring, a narrow face of the well is equal to the carrier of the largest diameter, a pocket for storing an oblique wedge and mounting plates is made in the case, and the case is equipped with a lightproof cover the height of the case with a slot for the passage of the tip closed by flexible jaws. 11. The concentrator according to claim 1, characterized in that the clamp adapter is made in the form of a clamp with the possibility of fixing on the carrier, while the adapter provides means for long mechanical abutment of the tip in the place where the carrier is transparent, made mainly in the form of a nut screwed into the hole and secured therein, moreover, a pressure nut is screwed onto the protruding part of said nut, which ensures that the tip abuts the carrier through a ring fastened to the tip. 12. The concentration meter according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with lasers of various frequencies, spectrometers with frequency working regions corresponding to the frequencies of the luminescent fluxes excited by the lasers, and cables for these frequencies. 13. Laser-luminescent method for minute measurement of the absolute concentration of luminescents, in which the carrier with the sample is illuminated with a laser beam from a combined cable, the peak, the hill and the value of the measured luminescence coefficient are displayed on a computer and the absolute concentration of luminescents in the sample is determined by the calibration curve, characterized in that illuminate the carrier with a breakdown by a stationary laser beam without touching the end of the carrier cable due to the correct abutment of the tip according to claim 1 into the carrier. 14. The method according to item 13, characterized in that they illuminate the sample, resting the fingers with the tip of the 3rd protrusions in the carrier. 15. The method according to item 13, wherein the sample is illuminated by introducing a tip into the sample. 16. The method according to p. 13, characterized in that the tip is inserted into the guide of the dark box and guides it to a predetermined place in the direction visually through the water slots, and in distance - along the height of the peak on the screen. 17. The method according to item 13, wherein in the presence of a desktop mating device, the carrier is inserted into the mating device in a predetermined place against the hole with a wedge clip, the tip is inserted into the hole provided for it until the corresponding protrusions stop in the carrier with the possibility of maintaining the smallest gap between the magnet and soft magnetic ring and put on the cover on the mating. 18. The method according to clause 16, characterized in that the clamp collar is mounted on the carrier so that the hole for the tip is opposite the transparent portion of the carrier, insert the tip into the hole provided for it, with three protrusions into the carrier, and press the tip with mechanical means to media for a given time. 19. The method according to p. 13, characterized in that they illuminate the carrier with a breakdown by lasers of different frequencies alternately and highlight peaks, hills and measured luminescence coefficients using appropriate spectrometers and cables. 20. The method according to item 13, wherein the spectral distribution curves highlighted on the monitor screen during measurement, together with the necessary data, are transmitted by telemedicine to specialists in the field of laser fluorescence diagnostics. 21. A method of manufacturing a light-cable tip, in which a safety bell is fixed on the tip tube, put the cleaned sleeve on the cleaned cable of the U-shaped system of concentrator cable, heat shrink sleeve by passing the cable with sleeve steeply through the hole in the runner of a posistor welder heated to a heat shrink temperature, without touching the wall of the hole, remove the cable with the ferrule fixed to it from the hole, connect the system to the laser and spectrometer concentrator include a concentrator, cover the sleeve with glue, pull the cable with the sleeve into the cleaned tube until the ends of the sleeve and the tube are aligned, put the tuning cap on the tube until it stops in 3 support ledges, highlight the peak on the computer of the meter, continue to retract the cable into the tube until the largest peak, turn off the concentrator and cure the glue. 22. A method of manufacturing a curved light cable lug, in which the tube for the lug is given a bend memory with a curvature less than the allowable curvature of the combined cable with straight ends, the straight alloy tube with shape memory is bent to a predetermined shape, cooled, straightened, and the safety bell is secured to to the tube, put the cleaned sleeve onto the cleaned combined cable of the U-shaped system of concentrator cable, heat shrink the sleeve by passing the cable with the sleeve vertically through the hole into the runner f a posistor welder heated to a heat-shrink temperature, without touching the hole wall, remove the cable with the tip sleeve fixed to it from the hole, connect the system to the laser and the concentrometer spectrometer, turn on the concentmeter, glue the part of the sleeve that is mated to the straight end of the tube, glue it cable with a sleeve sliding into a cleaned tube until the ends of the sleeve and the tube are aligned, put the tuning cap on the tube until it stops in 3 support ledges, flash it on the computer with concentrate ra peak continue to pull the cable into the tube to obtain the maximum peak Kontsentratomer turned off, the glue is cured and heated to restore the stored tip shape.

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