RU2476861C2 - Laser-spectrometer-computer concentration metre of luminescent substances, particles and odours thereof and method for use thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: laser-spectrometer-computer concentration metre (lasconcmer) has a graph plotter with a beam shutter and a combined ferrule, means of enhancing measurement capabilities of the lasconcmer, a storage means and a base. The graph plotter is provided with an inverted h-shaped measurement type switch which is in form of straight and kneed pipes attached to each other, with one input which is connected to the beam shutter, and two parallel outputs; the output of the straight pipe is connected to the laser branch of a Y-shaped cable; the output of the kneed pipe is connected to a laser cable; a switched transverse beam reflector is built into the input of the kneed pipe with possibility of reflecting the beam into a kneed transverse reflector, built into the kneed pipe with possibility of reflecting the beam into the fibre of the laser cable, at the end of which a laser ferrule is hermetically and rigidly attached in form of a cup with a transverse beam reflector at its bottom, which reflects the beam into a radial hole in the face of an adjustment shoulder. At the output of the radial hole in the shoulder, there is an adjustment plane perpendicular to the axis of that hole. The lasconcmer is provided with a set of particle calibrated samples in form of primarily polymer plates with given concentration of corresponding particles.

EFFECT: reduced time, volume and particle errors.

10 cl

Description

The group of the proposed inventions relates to physics, measurements, research of materials by determining their chemical or physical properties using optical means, to systems in which the material is excited by optical means and it luminesces, namely, to measuring the concentration of luminescents by laser spectrometer computers.

In the description there are only basic information for a quick visual understanding of the essence, the rest of the information known from the prior art, including of analogues and logically following of them and this description (after the first mention), may not be mentioned, but they mean, but the actions are performed. Since analogues and the present invention belong to the same class of concentrometers, they have a single system of terms.

As the first analogue of the device, a laboratory benchtop laser-spectrocomputer concentrator of luminescent with parallel cones was selected, containing a plotter, means for increasing its measuring capabilities described in the analogue, a preserver highlighted in the form of a printer, and a base in the form of a table (/ 1 /, p.3, penultimate paragraph). The analogue was called: “laser-luminescent installation”, but this is not the correct name, because it has only one feature (laser) from the main ones, therefore, the correct name is used in the application: “laboratory bench-top laser-spectrocomputer concentration meter of measuring objects” (briefly: “laskontsmer” by some letters of the full name, for clarity, they are printed in capital letters here: “LazernoS-pectroKompyuterny kONTsentratoMER.” “Plotter” is a design for constructing spectrographs of light flux, depending The plotter contains a laser designed to emit a beam of a given frequency and frequency, exciting a fluorescent stream in the measuring object, a spectrometer designed to convert the flux introduced into it into electrical signals, and a personal computer designed to convert the aforementioned signals into a spectrocurve displayed on its screen, by which it calculates and displays the numerical value of the luminescent concentration in in the measuring object, taken as their measured values. The laser, spectrometer and computer are connected by a U-shaped light cable (briefly: “U-cable”), it contains a laser branch connected to the laser (in the analogue it is called: “laser cable”) with a laser fiber of total internal reflection (hereinafter only fiber therefore they are called in abbreviations: “fibers”) along its geometric axis. The laser branch is connected using a U-shaped light connector with a combined branch (in the analogue: “combined cable”) with the same laser fiber along its axis. A spectral branch is attached to the spectrometer (in analog: “spectro cable”) with 6 spectral fibers around its geometric axis; it is connected by means of the said U-shaped light connector to a combined branch, and the spectral fibers of the spectral branch are connected to the same spectral fibers in the combined branch around the laser fiber (in the cross section of the combined branch of the spectral fiber are placed at the corners of a regular 6-gon, in the center of which the laser fiber is located) . A desktop computer with programs for making measurements is connected to the spectrometer by an electric cable. In each subsequent analogue and in the claimed lasconmer, the mentioned plotter is equipped with additional means to improve its measuring properties. “Means of increasing the measuring capabilities of the lasconzmer” is its accessories in the form of tuning samples, calibration graphs, etc., indicated in the description of the analogue. All parts of the lasconzmer are fastened with a table.

The principle of operation of the caretakers and the classification of the possible causes of errors in the numerical measured values of concentration to reduce them in the claimed group of inventions. The laser beam (hereinafter: the "beam") passes through the laser fibers of the laser and combined branches and is emitted from the end of the laser fiber in the form of rays forming a straight round narrow truncated cone with a smaller base at the end, the axis of which is parallel to the end of the branch according to the design of the combined branch, this the geometrical figure in which the laser beam is emitted (can be emitted) is called the “active output cone of the lasconzmer” (briefly: “output cone”), i.e. An “exit cone” is a geometric figure in the form of a truncated round straight cone, starting from the end of the laser fiber, in which the laser beam is emitted or can be emitted in the form of rays emanating from its mental vertex (including its mirror reflection). The output cone is round, because the radiating end of the laser fiber is a round straight cylinder, the cone is straight, because the radiating end of the laser fiber is perpendicular to the axis of the laser fiber. According to the principle of reciprocity of the passage of rays, the same cone is an inactive input cone, because return rays from the surrounding space fall at the same end at such angles that allow them to pass through the fiber (they are not considered further, because they do not have a noticeable effect on the measurement). Around the laser end there are 6 spectral ends in the corners of the 6-gon with the center in the center of the laser end (hereinafter, for simplicity, we consider one input cone). Each spectrometer has a valid input cone (“Lasconzer's input cone”), similar to an inactive Laskontsmer input cone, but its rays are the background stream, they are directed to the mental vertex of the input cone, incident on the spectrometer at such angles that pass through the fiber to the spectrometer (the remaining rays will not pass through the fiber into the spectrometer), are highlighted by the computer in the form of a background hill with a spectroscope. There are always rays in it, so the spectrometer and lasconzmer “sees” (the eye sees) what is being radiated or reflected in the input cone, therefore an expression like: “the stream that has entered the input cone” means that its rays are directed to its mental vertex . The axes of both cones are almost parallel, the lasconcer with such cones is the "lacconcenter with parallel cones". At a certain distance from the ends, the adjacent side surfaces of these cones intersect, therefore, the cones have a “joint two-cone segment” (briefly: “joint segment”) by the following analogy: a straight chord cuts a straight segment of a circle from a circle, and a neighboring circle cuts off a two-circle joint segment of a circle; accordingly, a plane parallel to the axis of the cylinder cuts off the straight cylinder segment from it, and the side surface of the adjacent cylinder with a parallel axis cuts off the two-cylinder joint segment; accordingly, the side surface of the inlet cone cuts off from the outlet cone a joint segment, which is theoretically infinite, in fact, of indefinite length. When there is no beam in the output cone, only one stream in the input cone, the background one, the computer displays a background hill, the concentration is not measured. When the laser is working, there is a beam in the exit cone, part of it is wasted to excite the fluorescence flux (if fluorescent is encountered), but the laconcenter “sees” only its part, excited in the joint segment, and illuminates the fluorescent hill. A certain portion of the beam is reflected from obstacles (from the test tube and particles), the laconcenter again sees only those rays that come from the joint segment, the computer lights up a pointed hill, named for distinguishing from fluorescent, background and other hills: “peak”. The laser and spectrometer are selected so that the peak does not coincide with the hills. But the computer displays fluorescent and background hills, they may partially coincide (or not coincide). The spectrometer “sees” the total power of the hills, and the computer displays the total hill. The computer divides the integrated power of the total hill, expressed by its area, by the integrated power of the peak, expressed by its area (briefly: “divides the hill by peak”), displays the measured numerical value of the concentration, which is taken as the fluorescence concentration in arbitrary units, and not in “quantity germs / volume ”, as the lasconzmer was not graduated. But this is not a mistake, because “Truth is always certain” (F. Engels), for medical diagnosis in certain circumstances it is enough to know: are there microbes in a given volume; if the concentration is more than zero, and in a healthy person in this area it is zero, then the caretaker fulfilled his purpose. They gave the patient a medicine - they received the 2nd concentration value, switched to measuring in relative units: the computer divided the 2nd value into the 1st one, highlighted, for example, “0.5”: the choice of the medicine was correct, the laconcenter fulfilled his purpose. Worse is the other: during the measurements there were 2 causes of errors: the volume of the joint segment is not known, there was a “volume error”, and there is a background hill in the total hill, and a “background error” arose. To reduce the background error, the measurement is carried out in a darkened laboratory, to reduce the volume error, conditions are created under which the length of the joint segment is limited, for example, when measuring microbes on the skin, they try to keep the end face of the joint branch at a very close distance from the skin, but because of the trembling of the fingers, the axis the beam also trembles, the conditions of excitation and reflection of the beam change, which causes changes in the power of the flows, i.e. is the cause of “vibrational errors”; to reduce these errors, the computer contains a program for averaging the measured concentration values over time, for example, it displays the average value from 10 measurements. In addition, the fingers cannot ensure the constancy of the gap between the skin and the butt: a “gap error” has appeared. When measuring a sample in a test medium, for example in a test tube, the end face is pressed into the test tube, contaminants adhere to the ends of the fibers: a contamination error has appeared. Let us summarize the vibrational, culprit, and pollution errors for brevity by the generic term: "mechanical error." Particles (for example, dust) in the joint segment can obscure part of the fluorescent streams and part of the streams reflected from other particles, a “particle error” has appeared (like: “gel” - “gel”). While the sample is being delivered to the lasconcer, the concentration of the measuring object can change according to the 2nd law of dialectics (“Everything changes”), a “time error” appears (“time” - “temporary”, as “stirrup” - “aspirational”, shock letters for visualizations are printed in capital letters), the name is logical, because this error is not temporary, it is constantly related to time, and not something transitory (interim government), in addition, it is named so as to reduce the likelihood of typos (accent marks) in widespread words "Temporary" and " belt "(again strike the letters printed in capital letters). If the fluorescence contains a substance (for example, a mineral in a transparent solvent) or a creature (for example, microorganisms), then the computer will display the measured value of the concentration of this substance or creatures on the same second when the meter has directed the beam at the measuring object, because all measuring processes are light and electric, they are carried out at the speed of light, therefore:

The advantage of this analogue, as well as of all subsequent laskontsmer, is that it is a device that allows you to measure the concentration of microbes per second, and not for 7 ... 10 days with the classical method.

The disadvantages of the 1st analogue of the device:

1. There is no means to reduce time errors.

2. There is no means to reduce volumetric and particle errors.

3. There is no means to reduce mechanical errors.

4. There is no means to reduce background errors.

As the 1st analogue of the method, a method for measuring the concentration of luminescents was selected, in which the carrier with the sample is delivered to the 1st analogue of the device, i.e. to the benchtop laboratory laskontsmer with parallel cones, standing in the premises of a stationary medical institution, mainly in a darkened laboratory, give the cones of the preparation prepared for the measurement of the laskontsmer the measurement position, the laskontsmer displays the total hill and peak, divides the hill into a peak and displays the numerical measured value of the fluorescence concentration in the measuring object , if necessary, print the highlighted / 1 /. In the classification of concentration measurements by caressers, this method is referred to as “measurements with parallel cones”. “Lazonzmer prepared for measurement” is a laskonzmer with which all preparatory steps have been taken to immediately begin measuring actions according to its instructions, in addition, inconvenience and harm due to beam lighting are prevented. “Measuring position of cones” - this is the position of the cones relative to the measuring object, which provides a measurement of the concentration of predetermined values with an error not lower than the specified one, for example, they press the end face of the combined branch into a test carrier with a sample (in a test tube with blood). “Measuring object” is a part of the surrounding space in which it is likely that substances in the concentration can be detected by this lascone meter, in analogs it is a sample in a carrier or on a carrier. Two main types of test media are known: bulk (test tube, cavity or wound in the body, etc.) and surface (microscope slide, tube surface, skin, etc.). The small dimensions of the carriers reduce volume errors, because the joint segment has a small length (tube diameter, cavity depth, wounds), with surface carriers it is the depth of the surface layer transparent enough in the working area to allow measurements with an error lower than the specified value. The term “abut” has the usual meaning here: abut against the surface of the tube wall, into the skin, etc. When “introduced into a test tube”, it is understood that in it a liquid sample, the test tube is approximately vertical, the end face is introduced into the test tube almost to the surface of the sample at a distance from it, providing the highest height of the hill and peak peaks, or immerse the end face in the sample. Typically, the ends of the fibers become contaminated, this is the cause of the contamination error. Each stream has its own section on the abscissa axis of spectrographics, so the hills may coincide and not coincide, appear outside the boundaries of the working area of the spectrometer. Coincidence with the fluorescent hill from the measuring object of other hills is the cause of the background error.

The advantage of the 1st analogue of the method: measuring the concentration almost at the time of illumination of the sample, and not after 7 ... 10 days with classical diagnostics. The disadvantages of the 1st analogue of the method:

1. The possibility of large time errors.

2. The possibility of volumetric and particle errors.

3. Inevitable mechanical errors.

4. The possibility of background errors.

As the 2nd analogue of the device, the logical development of the class of affectionate, i.e. laboratory bench-top lacenter with parallel cones, with a beam chopper, containing a plotter with a beam chopper, means for increasing its measuring capabilities, a printer and a table (the analogue was called: "laser luminescent concentrator with beam chopper") / 2 /. The 2nd analogue of the device differs from the 1st analogue in that in the plotter between the laser and the laser cable a laser beam chopper is built in the form of a tube with a transverse damper in it (in the guide) with the ability to move the shutter along the guide with fingers in 2 positions: “open "And" closed "without violating the tightness of the circuit breaker. The chopper is designed to reduce background errors (explained in the 2nd analogue of the method).

The advantage of the 2nd analogue of the device over the 1st analogue: equipped with a means of reducing background errors - the beam chopper.

The disadvantages of the 2nd analogue of the device compared to the 1st analogue:

1. There is no means to reduce time errors.

2. There is no means to reduce volumetric and particle errors.

3. There is no means to reduce mechanical errors.

As the 2nd analogue of the method, a method for measuring the concentration of luminescents was selected, in which the 2nd analog of the device is used to measure the concentration, i.e. a laconcenter with parallel cones, with a beam interrupter, therefore, the second analogue of the method differs from the first in that the laconcenter is prepared for measurement without irradiating the measuring object with a beam (so as not to excite luminescence in it), after which the beam interrupter is turned on (i.e. interrupt the beam), give the cones a measuring position, the computer displays and remembers the background hill, turn off the beam interruptor, i.e. the beam is restored, the computer displays the total hill and peak, subtracts the stored ordinates of the background hill from the total hill, highlights the fluorescent hill, divides the fluorescent hill by the peak, displays the measured value of the fluorescence concentration, with less errors, because the background error is significantly reduced, including from possible phosphorescents, type highlighted / 2 /. Thus, here and in the subsequent methods of measurement, they start by turning on the chopper to provide a significant reduction in background errors, which ensures:

The advantage of the 2nd analogue of the method over the 1st method: increased measurement accuracy due to a significant reduction in background errors. The disadvantages of the 2nd analogue of the method:

1. The possibility of large time errors.

2. The possibility of volumetric and particle errors.

3. Inevitable mechanical errors.

As a prototype of the device, the logical development of the class of affectionate, i.e. a laboratory bench-top laskonzmer with parallel cones, containing a plotter with a beam chopper, a combined tip tightly mounted on the combined branch, means for increasing the measuring capabilities of the lapkontsmer described in the prototype, means for storing the highlighted in the form of a printer, the basis in the form of a table / 3 / (In the prototype it is called: "laser luminescent concentrator"). The prototype of the device is a logical development of the 2nd analogue, only one significant difference is mentioned here from the 2nd analogue: at the working end of the combined branch of the U-cable, the tubular combined tip in the form of a tube with an annular end protruding in front of the end of the combined branch is hermetically fixed (means to significantly reduce the pollution error), and on the annular end face of the tip 3 supporting protrusions are made (a means for eliminating vibrational and clearance errors), therefore, the prototype before the 2nd analog has:

Advantage: it is equipped with a means to significantly reduce mechanical errors in the form of a combined tip. The disadvantages of the prototype device:

1. There is no means to reduce time errors.

2. There is no means to reduce volumetric and particle errors.

The technical result of the invention is to remedy these disadvantages, i.e. supply of means to reduce time, volume and particle errors.

This technical result is achieved by the fact that (1) in the tip laser-spectrocomputer concentrator with parallel cones, containing a plotter with a beam chopper and a combined tip, means for increasing the measuring capabilities of the lap counter, means for storing highlighted and the base, according to the proposed invention, the plotter is equipped with a light Ch-shaped switch types of measurements made in the form of fastened straight and bent tubes, with one input connected to a breaker uchka, and two parallel outputs, a laser branch of the U-cable is connected to the output on the straight tube, a laser cable is connected to the output on the bent tube, a switchable transverse beam reflector is integrated in the input to the bent tube with the ability to reflect the beam into the knee transverse reflector built into the knee a bent tube with the ability to reflect the beam into the fiber of the laser cable, at the end of which a laser tip is hermetically and rigidly fixed in the form of a glass with a transverse beam reflector at its bottom in a radial hole there is a hole in the end mounting collar, and at the exit of the radial hole in the collar, a mounting plane is made perpendicular to the axis of this hole, and the hole is hermetically closed by a safety plate transparent to the beam, the tips are fixed in their scraper in the form of a strong parallelepiped in their parallel channels, being aligned, lapel equipped with a set of particle calibration samples in the form of predominantly polymer plates with predetermined concentrations of the corresponding particles; Further,

(2) the laser tip is made like a bolt bolt; a longitudinal groove is made in the channel wall for its leash; Besides,

(3) the standard laser has been replaced by a laser at a different preset frequency; Further,

(4) the standard spectrometer has been replaced by a spectrometer with characteristics that make it possible to measure specified values; Besides,

(5) the base is made in the form of a durable sealed satchel, in which a plotter with an open hand computer with a preserver highlighted in the form of a connected flash drive, a beam chopper, an H-switch and power supplies, the controls of which are located outside the windows, are tightly packed behind the back wall hermetically sealed by a visually transparent, colorless, unstretched flexible thin polymer film with the ability to control the fingers with fingers, the windows are equipped with means for closing them after hours, from the backpack and the armored combined branch, the laser cable, and the power supply cable with the possibility of their fastening in the stowed position around the satchel in clamps fastened to the satchel are hermetically withdrawn; Further,

(6) the satchel is equipped with a shoulder carrier carrier containing two arcs with straight branches fastened by front and rear crossbars, the rear crossbars being equipped with means for fastening the backpack behind the back, and a sash is installed on the front lower cross member with the possibility of fixing the backpack on it in horizontal position with the rear wall up, the satchel is equipped with a rod for controlling the fastener; Besides,

(7) the satchel is equipped with an internal pressure equalizer with an external in the form of a cavity in the satchel with a sealed bag in it, communicating with the external environment; finally,

(8) the satchel is designed to withstand the design pressure below the water level, the computer is equipped with a control panel for the diver, the front part of the scraper is provided with additional mass with the possibility of preventing water from entering the combined tip.

Explanation of paragraphs 1 ... 8 formulas. The proposed solutions are aimed at significantly reducing errors, primarily volumetric and particle errors, because the prototype is a caretaker with parallel cones, therefore the solutions in paragraphs 1 ... 4 of the prototype device are equipped with tools that turned it into a caretaker with transverse cones, for which the mentioned errors significantly less, because the joint segment (of indefinite length) of 2 parallel cones is turned into a ball with a diameter equal to the diameter of the smaller base of the inlet cone, or a two-ball segment, the volumes of which x do not change after the manufacture of the lasconzmer. To reduce the time error, the desktop lasconzmer with solutions in paragraphs 5 ... 8 is turned into a knapsack laskontsmer (while maintaining points 1 ... 4), therefore it is delivered to the measuring object and its concentration is immediately measured with transverse cones.

Explanation of paragraph 1. To convert a prototype (lasconzomer with parallel cones) into a laconcimeter with transverse cones, the tip lapcenter is equipped with a light H-shaped switch of measurement types (briefly: "H-switch"), that is, with measurement with parallel cones for measurement on transverse cones (and vice versa). The case of the Ch-key is made in the form of the letter "Ch" from the fastened straight and crank tubes of a larger diameter than the bundle. The bent tube in the form of a right angle is connected to the straight tube at a right angle. The H-switch has one input (for the laser beam) and two parallel outputs, which clearly implies that the input is the lower end of the letter "H", i.e. the non-parallel end of the straight tube, therefore, the H-switch is connected by its input to the beam chopper, since it is connected to the laser in the prototype. A laser branch of the U-cable is attached to the other end of the straight tube. To the other (parallel) output of the H-switch, i.e. to the end of the bent tube, a laser cable is attached with a laser tip at the front end. At the entrance to the bent tube, a switchable transverse beam reflector is integrated with the ability to reflect the beam emerging from the chopper into the straight tube, perpendicular to the optical axis of the inlet portion of the bent tube into its bend. Here and in subsequent reflectors, there may be a flat reflecting surface (/ 6 /, p.702, Fig. 4) or a rectangular reflecting prism (/ 6 /, p.706, Table 5, line 2) fixed in a slider or in a crank (/ 6 /, p.709, “Mounting of optics”). The guide slider is fixed at the inlet section of the cranked tube, the slide is pulled out of the tube through a longitudinal sealed slot, if the handle is moved to the knee, the beam passes into the laser branch (measurement with parallel cones). If the handle is shifted toward the straight tube until it stops, the end of the slider enters the straight tube along with the reflector, the beam is reflected in the knee reflector, reflected in the focus of the laser fiber of the laser cable (measurement on transverse cones). Another option: the crank shaft with a reflector is installed in the bearing at the beginning of the input tube perpendicular to the plane of symmetry of the Ch-key, the end of the roller is hermetically removed from the breaker body and equipped with a handle if the handle is turned toward the knee, the beam passes along a straight tube if the handle is turned towards straight tube, the reflector is inserted into the straight tube, the beam is reflected in the knee reflector and further. The cylindrical laser tip, unlike the combined one, has a solid end and an external end installation collar. A well-known reflector is fixed in the tip in front of the end, onto which a beam of laser fiber is incident and reflected along the axis of the radial hole in the tip wall and in the mounting collar in the form of a transverse beam with an axis in the apical plane of the aligned tip, which gives the highest illumination of the spectrootors. At the exit of the radial hole, a mounting plane is made perpendicular to the axis of the hole, for example, a segment of the mounting collar is cut off, this allows you to simultaneously correctly support the particle calibration sample in the installation plane and at the end of the aligned tip when calibrating the lap-end. The entrance to the radial hole is hermetically sealed by a transparent strong protective plate, slightly recessed behind the installation plane, to prevent the protective plate from touching the calibration sample, but with the ability to easily remove dust from this plate.

For the exact intersection of the axes of the output and input cones, the lasconzer is equipped with a tip fastener in the form of a parallelepiped of possibly smaller dimensions, mainly polymer, with parallel channels for both tips. Since the laser tip is provided with a shoulder at the front end, its assembly with a scraper begins with the beginning of the laser cable entering the channel of the scraper from its front end.

To align the tips on the front end of the scraper, risk was performed in the plane of symmetry of the scraper (in it are the geometric axis of the channels, and therefore the tips). The risks associated with the diameter passing through the axis of two spectroductors parallel to the center line of the mental triangle with the vertices at the tops of the support protrusions are plotted on the annular end face of the aligned tip, and the radial risk parallel to the axis of the radial hole is made at the end face of the laser tip, according to these risks the manufacturer adjusts the tips faster, then more precisely, it adjusts according to the height of the peak reflected from the particles, they are always in the air, or according to the adjustment sample in the form of a round transparent cylinder with particles, its hundred ny with 3 cavities in the supporting ledges combined tip end, each tip is rotated to the maximum peak height of the particles when reaching the greatest height manufacturer decides that the axes of the cones intersect, and secures the tip, e.g., clamping screws. It is clear that it is difficult to achieve the intersection of the axes of the cones, but it is not necessary, because the main thing is the constancy of the volume of the joint two-ball segment; only deformations due to the difference in temperature coefficients of the fastened parts can slightly change the volume of the joint segment. After that, the lasconmer is graduated by known methods, including using particle calibration samples. All cable connection points are sealed in a known manner to prevent dust and liquid vapors from entering the caretaker. Laskontsmer is equipped with a set of particle calibration samples, each made in the form of a predominantly transparent parallelepipedal plate transparent to the laskontsmer with a predetermined concentration of the corresponding particles of given sizes with the possibility of simultaneously pressing it against the annular end face of the aligned tip between its supporting protrusions and to the mounting plane on the shoulder of the laser tip. Cross cone measurement offers the following benefits:

1. A significant reduction in volume error due to the exact and constant joint volume in the form of an almost ball (rather than a conical segment) with a diameter almost equal to the diameter of the spectrometer (when crossing the axes of the cones).

2. The ability to measure the concentration of particles, including non-luminescent, using the Tyndall phenomenon (Tyndall - English scientist 1) in various conditions: in the surrounding space, in the body cavities, for example, in the oral cavity, in a liquid, for example, in a body of water, in the body etc.

From this follows the advantage of the claimed lasconzmer: the ability to measure the concentration of particles of the prototype with small constructive additions.

The disadvantage of this solution is the impossibility of a quick transition from measurement with transverse cones to measurement with parallel cones, because the end face of the laser tip protruding in front of the end of the aligned tip violates the requirement that the combined tip abuts the carrier when measuring with parallel cones.

To eliminate the named drawback, i.e. for almost a second transition from one type of measurement to another, the laser tip is made like a latch bolt: without an adjusting collar, but with a handle, a longitudinal slot is made in the channel wall for the laser tip, the handle is passed through it, transverse grooves are made for the tip to be installed at the slot into working and non-working positions. This allows the measuring finger to move the tip to the desired position:

1. To measure on the transverse cones, extend its radial hole above the end of the fastener.

2. To measure on parallel cones, recess the end of the laser tip into the end of the fastener to enable the combined tip to rest properly on the carrier. The slot can start from the rear end of the scraper, then the tip can be inserted into the channel with a handle fixed to the tip, or not to go to the ends, then the handle should be fastened to the tip after it is inserted into the channel.

The advantage of this solution is the possibility of a second transition from one type of measurement to another. The disadvantage of the previous solutions is the limited number of measured objects, because a standard laser beam excites a fluorescence flux only for certain fluorescents, and the reflected flux depends on the optical properties of particles (particle size, shape, etc.).

The standard laser is replaced by a laser with a frequency that excites the fluorescence of a given substance, and the particles reflect the beam. Laser replacement is performed by simple known steps.

The disadvantage is the impossibility of measuring objects if their frequency domain is outside the working area of a standard spectrometer.

The standard spectrometer is replaced by a spectrometer with characteristics that allow you to measure the specified values.

Clarification of paragraph 2. The disadvantage of the previous solutions is the possibility of temporary errors due to the difficulty or inability to deliver the desktop laskontsmer because of its large mass and large size to a remote measuring object, the main difference between the following solutions: the prototype desktop computer, consisting of 2 -x parts (desktop system unit and desktop monitor) are replaced by a hand-held computer in the form of, for example, a netbook, so the entire lazonzmer is placed in a satchel. All parts, except for the withdrawn cables and the core for the combined cable, are fixed in a densely packed form in the satchel, the open computer is fixed in the rear part of the satchel in the window for a colorless (therefore, transparent) unstretched flexible polymer film, therefore, with all natural changes in atmospheric pressure and temperature it retains its state, allows you to control the computer in the usual way, because the described film allows this. During non-working hours, the window is closed with a strong sash. The beam chopper, the H-switch and other parts are also fixed, i.e. with the ability to control them through the film. The satchel contains power sources (dry cell batteries, accumulators and supercapacitors, or one of them), and on the upper surface there is a solar cell battery. The power control unit, including via a cable from an external source, is fixed in the satchel, the control panel for it is on the side for the same film as on the back side of the satchel. The bottom of the satchel is equipped with 4 legs, one of which is made in the form of a screw, for the possibility of stationary standing on an uneven surface in the field. A combined cable is sealed through the wall of the knapsack, wound around the knapsack in the stowed position and fixed in clamps on the horizontal edges of the knapsack. A power cable is also located. The lateral side of the satchel is equipped with clamps for fastening in the stowed position a lightweight strong, for example, telescopic rod, designed to give the scraper a predetermined position when measuring with the satchel, in the working position, the combined and laser branches are introduced into the channel of this rod, the end of the rod is equipped with a clip for fixing the fastener. The satchel, as usual, is equipped with straps to be worn behind the back, a handle for carrying in the hand and well-known means for fastening with the crossbars of the runner carrier.

Explanation of paragraph 3. The ranger is made in the form of 2 shoulder arches with straight branches with soft internal surfaces, the branches of the arcs are fastened with two pairs of crossbars: front (upper and lower) and the same back, and the rear crossbars are equipped with known means for mounting the knapsack is located behind the back, and on the front lower crossbeam there is a sash with the possibility of its fastening vertically (in a marching) and horizontally to fix the laskontsmer in the working position, i.e. back wall up.

Explanation of paragraph 4. Any rigid housing with an opening is a collector of dust and moisture condensate or other liquids that reduce the reliability and service life of the device, because when the external pressure rises, outside air with dust and vapor of liquids is pressed into it, some of the dust settles, and vapor — it condenses in the housing, therefore it remains there when the external pressure decreases, because it cannot exit the housing along with the part of the air that is squeezed out of the housing.

To eliminate this drawback, the lasconmer is equipped with an internal pressure equalizer with an external one. This equalizer is designed as follows: along the front (back) wall of the satchel, a cavity is left empty at room temperature and normal pressure with a half-empty polymer airtight bag communicating with the surrounding air through the hole; when the external air pressure increases, it is pressed into the bag until the internal pressure is equal to the external calculated limits, and vice versa. A dust filter is fixed in the hole, absorbers of gases harmful to the caretaker.

Explanation of paragraph 5. To measure the concentration below the water level by a diver (scuba diver), the satchel is designed to withstand pressure under the surface of the water at a given depth. The computer control is configured to receive control signals from a hand control located in the diver's hand. At the end of the fastener, for example, a nut made of stainless steel of a calculated mass is fixed, so that for any inclination of the rod, the fastener hangs freely in the water vertically with permissible bending of the cable; in this position, a layer of air remains under the cable end, water will not get into the tip, therefore, there will be no pollution and measurement errors.

As a prototype of the method, a method for measuring the concentration of the prototype device was selected, namely, a method for measuring the concentration of luminescent lasconcer with parallel cones, with a beam chopper and a combined tip, in which the carrier with the sample is delivered to the tip laconcenter, standing in the laboratory, without illumination by the beam of the measuring object ( so as not to excite a luminescent flux in it), measure the beam power with a manual meter of its power and enter the measured value into the computer's memory, give he prepared for the measurement laskontsmera measuring position, ie correctly align the combined tip into the sample carrier or insert it into the carrier. Proper abutment means:

1. The measuring finger rests the combined tip on the carrier (for example, a test tube with a liquid sample, a solid surface with a thin layer of sample) with the tops of the three supporting protrusions; 3-point support ensures the immobility of the tip, so finger tremors do not change the position of the tip and the laser beam, so the spectroscopic curve is stationary, and you do not need to wait until the computer has typed enough measured values to calculate the average value, because a fixed spectroscopic curve provides the correct measured value.

2. The vertex plane (the plane in which there are 3 peaks of the protrusions) is located at the distance from the ends of the spectral fibers at which the peak has the greatest height, ceteris paribus; since the height (across the area) is included in the formula for calculating the concentration, this increases the accuracy of the measurement.

“Insert the tip into the carrier” means: the tip is inserted into the carrier, for example, a test tube with a liquid sample, therefore, it is approximately vertical, the tip is lowered almost to the level of the sample, reaching the highest peak height, and the concentration of luminescents in the subsurface layer of the sample is measured, or continue to be lowered tip and immerse it in the sample, while under the end of the combined cable there remains a layer of air, because even under the pressure of the liquid it is not able to get out from under the ring end of the tip, while the ends of the optical fibers they are not polluted and do not introduce errors.

They turn on the beam chopper (interrupt the beam), the computer lights up and remembers the background hill, turn off the beam chopper (restores the beam), the computer lights up the total hill and peak, the computer subtracts the background hill from the total hill, lights up the fluorescent hill and peak, calculates and displays the measured concentration value fluorescence, type highlighted / 3 /.

The advantage of the prototype method compared to the 2nd analogue: mechanical errors are significantly reduced due to the combined tip. The disadvantages of the prototype method:

1. The possibility of large time errors.

2. The possibility of volumetric and particle errors.

The technical result of the invention is a significant reduction in time, volume and particle errors. This technical result is achieved by the fact that (9) in the method of measuring the concentration by a lock-up meter with a beam chopper and a combined tip, in which, without illumination by the measuring object’s beam, the beam power is measured and introduced into the computer’s memory, the measuring position is prepared for the cones of the lap-measuring device, they include a breaker beam, the computer displays and remembers the background hill, the beam breaker is turned off, the computer displays the total hill and peak, the computer subtracts the background from the total hill olm, illuminates the fluorescent hill and peak, divides the fluorescent hill into the peak, displays the measured concentration value, prints the illuminated method according to the invention, prepare a lap concenter with transverse cones, switch the H-switch to measure with transverse cones without illuminating the beam with a beam, measure power transverse beam with a meter of its power and enter its value into the computer’s memory, turn on the beam chopper, give the transverse cones a measuring position, computer p displays and memorizes the background hill, switches the H-switch to measure with transverse cones, the computer displays the total and particle hills, the computer subtracts the background from the total hill, displays the fluorescent and particle hills, divides these hills by the stored beam power, and displays the numerical values of the fluorescence concentration and particles, if their smells are known, these measured values are taken as the concentrations of their smells; Further,

(10) drown the laser tip by the end of the scraper, measure the concentration with parallel cones, immediately extend the laser tip to the intersection of the cones and measure the concentration with transverse cones; Besides,

(11) replace the standard laser with a laser with a frequency that allows you to measure the concentration of the given measuring objects, and measure them; Further,

(12) replace the full-time spectrometer with a spectrometer with characteristics that make it possible to measure the concentrations of specified measuring objects, and measure them; Besides,

(13) deliver a knapsack laskontsmer to the measuring object and measure its concentration; Further,

(14) bring a knapsack knapsack to a place accessible only to man, where the measuring object is located, and measure its concentration, in addition;

(15) measure the concentration with a backpack laskontsmer at slow movement of a person with a laskontsmer, finally;

(16) put on a knapsack laskontsmer on the diver, he goes down below the water level and measures the concentration.

Clarification of claims related to methods. The main idea of the invention is to significantly reduce volumetric measurement errors (p. 6) and time errors (p. 7 ... 10, while maintaining p. 6)).

A significant difference in the measurement by lasconcers with transverse cones is that the joint volume of the cones is not a cone segment of indefinite length, therefore, volume, but, in practice, a ball of known volume.

Clarification of paragraph 6. A significant reduction in volumetric error is achieved by measuring the concentration with a concenter with transverse cones, because the joint volume in this measurement becomes a ball of known volume when suppressing the axes of the cones, but the main advantage is that even if you get a joint two-ball segment, it will remain unchanged for a long time. During the preparation of the laconcenter, the transverse beam power is measured without beam illumination of the measuring object (so as not to excite luminescence in it), for which the Ch-switch is switched to measurement with transverse cones, the beam is sent to the beam power meter window, and the changed power is entered into the computer memory. After that they attach to the cones, i.e. fastener, measuring position, turn on the beam chopper (interrupting the beam), the computer displays and remembers the background hill (what type of measurement the H-switch is switched to, it does not matter), switch the H-switch to measurement with transverse cones, the computer displays the total (fluorescent and background hills, they can coincide if their ordinates are summarized) and a particle hill, that is, part of the beam reflected by the particles (it was a peak when measured on parallel cones) if the particles are large enough to reflect in lny beam. The computer subtracts the background hill from the total hill, displays fluorescence and particle hills, calculates, as usual, and displays the measured values of the concentration of fluorescence and particles; if their smells are known, these measured values are taken as the concentrations of their smells. This method is particularly suitable for measurement without abutment against the surface, i.e. for measurement in gas (air) or in liquid (water), but is not always suitable for measurement when abutting the surface, because the protruding end of the laser tip can prevent proper abutment against the surface, this will reduce the measurement accuracy.

To immediately eliminate the drawback indicated in clause 6, it is measured by a caretaker with a laser tip that resembles a bolt of a bolt of a bolt, after measuring with transverse cones, the laser tip is recessed by the end of the fastener and the concentration is measured with parallel cones according to the prototype; if it is necessary to proceed to the measurement with transverse cones, immediately extend the tip to the intersection of the cones and measure the concentration with transverse cones according to claim 6.

If the beam of a standard laser cannot excite fluorescence or be reflected in a given measuring object due to the fact that its wavelength is too much larger than the particle size, disconnect the standard laser from the beam chopper and connect a laser with a frequency that allows you to measure the concentration of the given measuring objects, and measure them as described.

If the frequency range of the fluorescents, the background flow, and the frequency range reflected from the particles is outside the working area of the spectrometer, or it is not possible to separate them, then the standard spectrometer is disconnected from the spectrometer and replaced with another spectrometer with characteristics that allow the concentration of the given measuring objects to be measured, and measure them .

Explanations of measurement methods with a knapsack laskontsmer (briefly: “knapsack”; paragraphs 7 ... 10). The distinguishing feature in these points is primarily the fact that the ranzkontser is brought to the location of the sample, starting from transferring the patient from the laboratory to the patient’s bed in the clinic to moving to the field.

Clarification of paragraph 7. If the measuring object is far from the laboratory caretaker (on another floor, in another city, etc.), the backpacker is delivered to the object (brought, brought, delivered by plane) and the concentration of the object is measured according to paragraph 6.

Explanation of paragraph 8. If the measuring object is in a place accessible only to humans (in a building destroyed by an earthquake, etc.), the rescuer puts on the backpacker as a normal satchel, makes his way (crawls, creeps) to a place where it is impossible to deliver the desktop lascone meter, removes the power pack, puts it in a convenient position for measurement and performs emergency measurements, as described previously.

Explanation of paragraph 9. If it is necessary to measure an extended (or assume that it is extended) object, it is measured with the slow movement of a scout with a backpack gauge on his back. To measure concentration in motion, it is easier to work for 2 scouts. The 1st scout carries the prepared ranger on the backpack carrier behind his back, directs the rod with the scraper to the point of interest (blood stain, mineral that interests him, possible accumulation of epidemiological microbes, etc.) or fan moves the rod in front of him, the 2nd scout goes behind it, controls the computer, observes the displayed curves and measured concentration values, evaluates them, reports them to the 1st intelligence officer, if necessary, controls them.

Measurement of concentration in motion by one scout. The scout puts on the runner carrier, lowers the sash on the front cross member of the runner carrier to the front horizontal position, fixes the prepared runbill on it with the rear wall up, takes the rod with the fastener, slowly stepping over, guides the corresponding cone to the point of interest or moves it in a fan, watches the flashing lights spectroscopic, measured by the concentration values, makes decisions, controls the computer, and the measuring can go along the bottom of a shallow reservoir.

Explanation of paragraph 10. In the measurement of concentration by the backpacker below the water level, only differences from measurements on land are explained. Scouts in spacesuits or scuba diving masks swim or go down. The combined tip (in the scraper) should hang face down so that water does not contaminate the ends of the fibers.

Measurement of concentration by 2 divers. Both scout divers in suits or with masks. The 1st diver puts on a knapsack knapsack, drops into the water and enters, basically, as on land, with the difference that he makes sure that the end face of the combined tip is directed downward. The 2nd follows it and acts, basically, as on land, controls a computer using a hand-held remote control.

Measurement of concentration by one diver. A diver in a spacesuit with a runner carrier fixes the knee-gauge on the flap forward, lowers below the water level, moving slowly, guides the fastener with a rod to the point of interest or fan, watches the displayed spectro-curves, makes decisions, controls the computer using a hand-held remote control.

Laskontsmer are needed for the fastest possible measurement of the concentration of luminescent, particles and their smells in various fields: in medicine and veterinary medicine for the diagnosis of diseases of microbial nature, in the environment (search for useful and harmful substances, pollution, etc.), in biotechnology to maintain product quality, in everyday life to identify spoiled food products, etc.

The list of basic terms in the application (with their definitions), which are not in the prototype.

1. "Plotter" - the main part of the caretaker, containing a laser, spectrometer, computer, U-shaped cable (briefly: "U-cable") and a power circuit. This is in analogue 1; in the following analogues it is supplemented:

1.1. In analog 2: a beam chopper after a laser to reduce background errors.

1.2. In the prototype: a combined tip on a combined cable to reduce mechanical errors.

1.3. In the application: H-switch with measurements with parallel cones for measurements with transverse cones and a laser cable to reduce volumetric and particle errors.

2. “Measuring object” - a part of the surrounding space in which it is likely that there are substances whose concentration can be detected by this lascone meter.

3. "Laser branch" - a laser cable in the prototype.

4. “Laser spectrocomputer concentrator” (briefly: “laskontsmer”) is a generic term for concentrometers containing a plotter, a computer-preserver (for example, a printer), means for improving the capabilities of the monitor, mentioned in the analogue, and the basis.

4.1. In analogue 1, it is a desktop laskontsmer with parallel output and input cones, designed to measure the concentration of fluorescents, in the following analogs, the plotter (item 1) is supplemented in it, the names of the lascenters are changed accordingly (hereinafter their abbreviated names):

4.2 Analogue 2: a “lacronmeter with a beam chopper” for measuring the concentration of luminescents (mainly fluorescents, because a laser is not needed for measuring phosphorescent, although it is measured in a very narrow region with a laser),

4.3. Prototype: “tip laskontsmer” for measuring the same values with greater accuracy.

4.4. In the application; “Laskontsmer with an H-switch” for measuring the concentrations of luminescent and particles and their odors.

5. "Laser cable" - an additional cable for measurement with transverse cones.

6. "Laser tip" - a tip on a laser cable with a transverse output cone.

7. “Knapsack lazkontsmer” (“knapsack”) - laskontsmer with a base in the form of a knapsack for measurements where the use of desktop laskontsmer unprofitable or impossible.

8. "Fastener" - a part in the form of a parallelepiped with parallel channels for fastening combined and laser tips.

9. "Combined branch" - a combined cable in the prototype.

10. "A set of parallel cones" - the output cone of the laser end and the input 1 cone of the spectrometer on the outer end of the combined branch.

11. "The set of transverse cones" - the output cone of the laser end of the laser I tip, transversely intersecting the input cone of the end of the spectrophot of the combined tip.

12. "Spectro branch" - a spectro cable in the prototype.

13. “H-shaped switch of measurement types” (H-switch) - a switch from measuring with parallel cones to measuring with transverse cones and vice versa.

List of links

1. Alexandrov et al. Test carrier and method for rapidly measuring the absolute concentration of bacteria in a biosubstrate by their photoluminescence, RF patent

No. 2 255 978, MKI C12Q 1/06, 2002

2. Alexandrov et al. Laser luminescent concentrator with a beam chopper for minute measurement of the absolute concentration of luminescents and the method of its use, RF patent No. 2347211, MKI G01N 21/64, 2006

3. Aleksandrov et al. Laser luminescent concentratometer, method for its use and method for manufacturing a light-cable terminal (options), RF patent No. 2356032, MKI G01N 21/62, 2005 (prototype).

4. Alexandrov M.T. "Laser clinical biophotometry (theory, experiment, practice)." M., "Technosphere", 2008.

5. Alexandrov M.T. et al. Laser fluorescence diagnostics in medicine and biology. M., LLC "SPC Spectrolux". 2007

6. Handbook of the machine builder, Pre-Council, Academician Chudakov EA, vol. 1, M., Mashgiz, 1951.

Claims (10)

1. Laser spectrocomputer concentrator (laskontsmer) containing a plotter with a beam chopper and a combined tip, means to increase the measuring capabilities of the laskontsmer, a means of storing highlighted and the basis,
characterized in that
the plotter is equipped with a light Ch-shaped switch of measurement types made in the form of fastened straight and bent tubes, with one input connected to the beam chopper and two parallel outputs, a U-cable laser branch is connected to the output on the straight tube, and an output on the bent tube a laser cable is connected, a switched transverse beam reflector with the ability to reflect the beam into the knee transverse reflector built into the bent tube with the ability to reflect a notch into the fiber of the laser cable, at the end of which a laser tip is hermetically and rigidly fixed in the form of a cup with a transverse beam reflector at its bottom, reflecting the beam into a radial hole in the end mounting collar, and at the output of the radial hole in the collar a mounting plane is made perpendicular to the axis of this holes, and the hole is hermetically closed by a safety plate transparent to the beam, the tips are fixed in their fastener, made in the form of a strong parallelepiped, and installed in steam llelnyh channels being adjusted, laskontsmer chastitsevyh provided with a set of calibration samples in the form of predominantly polymeric plates with given concentrations of the respective particles. 2. The laser spectrocomputer concentrator (laskontsmer) according to claim 1, characterized in that the base is made in the form of a durable hermetic satchel, in which a plotter with an open hand computer with a preserver highlighted in the form of a connected flash drive, a beam chopper, is fixed in a tightly packed form Ch-shaped switch and power supplies, the controls of which are located outside the satchel windows, hermetically sealed with a visually transparent, colorless, unstretched flexible thin polymer film with the possibility of Strongly fingers manage laskontsmerom, windows are provided with means for closing them after hours, from the satchel tightly withdrawn armored combined branch, laser cable and the power supply electric cable with the possibility of securing in the stowed position around the knapsack in the clamps, fastened with a knapsack. 3. Laser-spectrocomputer concentrator (laskontsmer) according to claim 2, characterized in that the satchel is equipped with a shoulder carrier containing two arcs with straight branches fastened by the front and rear crossbars, and the rear crossbars are equipped with means for fastening the backpack behind and on the front lower cross member a sash is installed with the possibility of fixing the knapsack on it in a horizontal position with the back wall up, the satchel is equipped with a rod for controlling the fastener. 4. Laser spectrocomputer concentrator (laskontsmer) according to claim 2, characterized in that the satchel is equipped with an internal pressure equalizer with an external in the form of a cavity in the satchel with a sealed bag in it, communicating with the external environment. 5. The laser spectrocomputer concentrator (laskontsmer) according to claim 2, characterized in that the satchel is designed to withstand the design pressure below the water level, the computer is equipped with a control panel for the diver, the front of the tip is provided with additional weight to prevent water from entering the tip. 6. A method of measuring the concentration of a laser-spectrocomputer concentrator (lacometer) with a beam chopper and a combined tip, in which the beam power is measured and introduced into the computer’s memory without illumination with the measuring object’s beam, the measuring position is prepared for the laponcer’s cones, the beam is interrupted, the computer lights up and remembers spectrum curve from the background light flux in the form of a background hill, the beam is restored, the computer displays and remembers the spectral curves from the total the flow in the form of a total hill and from a portion of the reflected beam in the form of a peak, the computer subtracts the power of the background hill from the integrated power of the total hill, displays and remembers the fluorescent hill, divides the integrated power of the fluorescent hill by the beam power, highlights and prints the measured value of the fluorescence concentration,
characterized in that a laconcenter with transverse cones is prepared, without illuminating the measuring object with a beam, switch the Ch-shaped switch to measurement with transverse cones, measure the power of the transverse beam with its power meter and enter its value into the computer memory, interrupt the beam, give the transverse cones a measuring position, the computer displays and remembers the background hill, measures with transverse cones, the computer displays and remembers the total and particle hills, subtracts from the sum Nogo background hill, fluorescent displays hill divides fluorescent chastitsevy and hills on the beam power, displays and prints the numerical values and concentration Fluorescent particles if their odors are known, these measured values are taken as their odor concentrations. 7. The method of measuring the concentration of the laser spectrocomputer concentrator (laskontsmer) according to claim 6, characterized in that they deliver a knapsack laskontsmer to the measurement object and measure the concentration of fluorescence and particles. 8. The method of measuring the concentration of the laser spectrocomputer concentrator (laskontsmer) according to claim 6, characterized in that they bring the knapsack to the place accessible only to the person where the measurement object is located, and measure the concentration of fluorescence and particles. 9. The method for measuring the concentration of a laser spectrocomputer concentrator (laskontsmer) according to claim 6, characterized in that the concentration is measured with a backpack laskontsmer during slow movement of a person with a laskontsmer. 10. The method of measuring the concentration of the laser spectrocomputer concentrator (laskontsmer) according to claim 6, characterized in that they put a knapsack laskontsmer on the diver, he goes down below the water level and measures the concentration.