RU2354776C1 - Method of fish deflection from water intake plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: method of protection and deflection of fish from source of hazard involves water jet projection to location of fish concentration in front of water intake space. To optimise process of fish protection and deflection out of area of immediate affection by hydro-electric power station and other large-scale sources of hazard, water jets are projected by mobile jet generator moving along water intake space in locations of fish concentration. Water jets facilitate forming local drifting flow in front of mobile jet generator, the flow capturing, detaining and transporting fish to a safe part of water body. Mobile jet generator moves in locations of fish concentration only in dusk and darkness hours of a day.

EFFECT: fish protection and deflection from water intake plant.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The proposed method relates to hydraulic engineering and can be used to protect and divert fish from water intakes.

It is known that the main reason for juvenile fish to enter water intakes is its passive downhill migration. These migrations occur mainly in low light, i.e. at night, when juveniles lose their visual orientation, cease to resist the flow and passively rolls. This has a certain biological meaning, since in this way, using the transit flow of the watercourse as a vehicle and saving power, it settles from spawning grounds throughout the water body. In daylight, juveniles and older fish, freely oriented in space, walk in shallow shallow water or follow plankton drifting downstream.

Both types of migrations, night downhill and day feed, along a regulated watercourse lead to the approach of fish to the dam of the hydroelectric power station. In daylight, fish, oriented in space, are actively held in front of the discharge face of the dam in the surface layer of the whirlpool zone formed by the flow into the hydroelectric power station intake. From this layer at dusk and at night, losing their visual orientation, the fish begin to disperse along the depth of the reservoir and in the runoff currents slide into the hydroelectric intake of the hydroelectric station. Passing through hydraulic units, they receive various injuries incompatible with life and die.

A number of methods are known for preventing stingray and fish death in hydroelectric power stations. Thus, a method is known that is implemented in a device including a floating net fish receiver connected to the tip of the fishing outlet by a fish discharge pipe (see the book by B. S. Malevanchik and I. V. Nikonorov “Fish passage and fish protection structures.” M., Light and Food Industry , 1984, p. 232, Fig. 95). Implementing this method, a fishing barge is placed in front of the water intake front and water along with the fish is pumped into its receiving bunker, most of the water is filtered through the mesh walls of the bunker, and the fish in the required amount of water is sent through the fish outlet to the head of the fishing channel and then to the lower pool. The disadvantage of this method is, first of all, the possibility of direct contact of juvenile fish with the mesh surface of the fish receiver, which leads to injury and subsequent death.

There is also a method of protecting fish at water inlets (see RF patent No. 2288993, publ. 10.12.2006, BI No. 34), when an upward flow is formed using water jets, overlapping the upper fish-saturated layer of the water intake flow into the water intake and the satellite flows into the water intake and into the current the surface whirlpool zone located above it. This method is aimed at returning to a comfortable habitat for fish descending from the surface layer into the water intake. However, for the implementation of the method requires the supply of water jets and the organization of the upward current along the entire length of the protected water intake front.

The proposed method uses the features of downstream migrations of fish and their stay in front of the water intake front and eliminates the disadvantages of the known methods of protecting fish at the hydroelectric power stations.

The aim of the method is to optimize the process of protecting and diverting fish from the zone of direct action of hydroelectric power stations and other major sources of danger. This goal is achieved in that a method of diverting fish from water intake structures, including supplying water jets to the fish accumulation zone in front of the water intake front, is carried out in such a way that the water jets are fed from a mobile jet generator, which is moved along the water intake front in places of fish accumulation, and using water jets in front of a mobile jet generator organize a local drift flow in which fish are captured, held and moved from a source of danger to a safe place in the reservoir. A mobile jet generator in places of fish congestion is moved mainly at dusk and at night.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which shows the implementation of the method in plan.

The method is implemented as follows.

In daylight, fish accumulate in the surface layer at places 1 located in close proximity to the water intake front 2. Oriented in space, they actively resist the currents that carry them into the water intake. In the twilight time, with a decrease in illumination, the fish lose their visual orientation, and as a result, the probability of their dispersal in depth and passive slope into the water intake sharply increases. At this time, in places 1 of the fish congestion in front of the water intake front 2, water jets are fed from the autonomous mobile floating jet generator 3, with the help of which a local flow 4 is organized in front of it, the speed of which in the initial section exceeds the critical speed of the largest protected fish. Local flow 4 affects the fish located here and organize their slope along its length. Since its speed decreases along the length of stream 4, for each size-species and age category of fish, the most optimal zone of their stay and slope in the formed stream 4 is selected. The structure generator 3 is constantly moved and a center of a transit stream and a stable slope of fish is created along the intake front 2 optimal conditions in which it is impossible to get out of the local stream 4. Due to this, capture and retention of fish in the local stream 4 is provided, in which they are moved together with the generator 3 along the diversion edge 2 to a safe place of the reservoir 5.

Thus, already after the first passage of the mobile jet generator 3 along the water intake front 2, at dusk, most of the fish that have accumulated in front of it during all daylight hours are taken away from the source of danger. If necessary, during both the remaining dark time of the day, and possibly daylight hours, the mobile jet generator 3 is periodically moved along the water intake front 2 and the fish newly descended to the waterworks are removed from it from the upper water body.

The frequency of implementation of the method can significantly reduce energy costs for the organization of protection of fish, and the autonomy and mobility of the source of water jets - apply this method to almost any non-equipped fish protection hydroelectric power station and large water intakes with in-depth water inlets.

Claims (2)

1. A method of protecting and diverting fish from a source of danger, including supplying water jets to the fish accumulation zone in front of the water intake front, characterized in that the water jets are fed from a mobile jet generator, which is moved along the water intake front in places where fish are accumulated, with water jets in front of a mobile flow generator will organize a local drift current in which fish are captured, held and moved from a source of danger to a safe place in the reservoir. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the mobile jet generator in places of accumulation of fish is moved mainly in the twilight and nighttime.