RU2354531C1 - Facility for rotor strengthening of screw and complex contoured surface - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: metallurgy.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to metal deformation process. Particularly it relates treatment of impulse - impact surface plastic deformation. Facility contains body, allowing individual control and implemented in the form of cover ring blank with link rail on its inner surface, on which there are located deformation elements, link and compression spring, providing pressure to link. Ring is installed in link with ability of providing the additional oscillatory motion relative to blank longitudinal axis. Link is pivotally suspended on hollow bearing assembly sleeve, the letter is located on the one end of carrier, and on the other end of carrier it is installed mentioned individual control with the ability of rotary motion translation to the ring with deformation elements.

EFFECT: as a result there are manufacturing capability expanding, it is provided control ability of strengthened layer depth, degree of strengthening and surface microrelief.

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Description

The invention relates to the processing of metals by pressure, in particular, to the manufacture of equipment for processing impulse-impact surface plastic deformation (PPD), and can be used for finishing and hardening of cylindrical, screw and complex surfaces, for example screw pump pumps, screw surfaces with rounded sinusoidal profile, eccentric shaft necks, cam surfaces and PK profiles.

A device is known that comprises a housing with an individual high-speed drive, covering a workpiece with a ring with deforming elements located on the treadmill on the inner surface, the housing ring being installed in a crank, also having an individual drive, due to which additional planetary rotation is transmitted about an axis passing through the center the workpiece parallel and offset relative to the axis of the housing-ring by the amount of eccentricity [1, 2].

The disadvantages of the known device are the narrow technological capabilities in which the finishing by surface plastic deformation of the screw outer surfaces after appropriate modernization is very difficult, and in some cases impossible.

The objective of the invention is to expand the technological capabilities of equipment for PPD of complex surfaces by using a covering tool in the form of a ring with deforming elements - balls located on the inner surface, oscillating in the transverse plane and allowing to improve the quality of the processed surface, increase productivity and reduce the cost of processing.

The problem is solved using the proposed device for rotary hardening of screw and complex surfaces, containing an individual drive housing made in the form of a ring covering the workpiece with deforming elements located on the treadmill of the inner surface, while the ring is installed in the wings with the possibility of providing additional oscillatory movement relative to the longitudinal axis of the workpiece, and the link is pivotally suspended on a hollow glass belonging to the bearing a niche assembly, which is located at one end of the bracket, while the said individual drive is mounted on the other end of the bracket with the possibility of transmitting rotational motion to the ring with deforming elements, in addition, in order to create effort for surface plastic deformation, a compression spring is installed that exerts pressure on the wings.

Design features of the device are illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of an implementation of the proposed device for rotary hardening of a screw complex profile surface, general view; figure 2 is a section aa in figure 1; figure 3 is a section bB in figure 2; figure 4 - element In figure 3.

The proposed device is intended for plastic deformation of screw and complex surfaces (for example, screw pump screws, screw surfaces with a rounded sinusoidal profile, cylindrical shafts, eccentric shaft necks, cam surfaces and PK profiles), the work of which is that the workpiece and deforming tool report rotational movements _W and V _and V, respectively, wherein the apparatus with a deforming tool longitudinal feed motion report S _OL . The proposed device has deforming elements that inflict numerous blows on the surface of the workpiece, plastically deforming the outer surface.

For surface pulsed-impact deformation of the workpiece’s work surface, for example, a screw of a screw pump 1 (see Fig. 1), pretreated, for example, by turning, it is fixed in the fixture 2, for example, in a three-jaw self-centering cartridge with the center of the tailstock preloaded, and rotational the movement of V _З around its own axis, and the pulse-impact deforming tool 3 of the device — the longitudinal feed S _PR and the ability to make oscillatory movements S _KOL in the transverse direction.

The proposed device contains an individual drive 4 in the form of an electric motor. The housing 5 is made in the form of a ring covering the workpiece with deforming elements 6 located on the treadmill of the inner surface. The ring housing 5 is mounted in the wings 7 in its lower hole (according to FIG. 1) in the bearings 8. The upper hole in the wings 7 is pivotally mounted on the hollow glass 9. The hollow glass 9 belongs to the bearing assembly 10, which is located on the upper part of the bracket 11.

The bracket 11 with the lower part is fixed to the base 12, which is installed, for example, on the transverse support 13 of a lathe (not shown). This design of the fastening of the deforming tool 3 allows the link 7 to make oscillatory movements S _KOL , caused by the eccentric displacement and the location of some sections of the processed, for example, screw surface. The amplitude A _K vibrational motion scenes is A = _K 2E, where E - eccentricity slozhnofasonnoy surface (e.g., the eccentricity of the left screw N41.1016.01.001 screw pump EVN5-25-1500 equal to E = 3.3 mm, see Figure 2). .

Figure 4 shows the mutual position of the deforming tool when its contact with the workpiece is carried out by two deforming elements, in contrast to the position shown in figure 3, when the contact is carried out by one deforming element. The transition of the contact of the workpiece from one deforming element to two deforming elements causes a pulse-impact plastic deformation of the surface layer. The rotational movement of the housing-ring 5 with deforming elements 6 from the individual drive 4 is carried out using a belt drive 14 with pulleys 15 and 16 to the intermediate shaft 17 located in the bearing assembly 10, and a belt drive 18 with pulleys 19, 20 and a tension pulley 21 .

In order to create a force for surface plastic deformation, a compression spring 22 is installed that exerts pressure P on the link 7 and, accordingly, on the deforming tool 3 in the transverse direction. The movable fastening of the deforming elements 6 in the treadmill of the ring 5 is carried out using a cover 23, which is attached to the end of the ring with bolts 24, however, the fastening can be carried out by other known methods.

The hardness of the surface layer, the depth of hardening and surface roughness obtained using the proposed device depend on the strength of the impact and the number of strokes per 1 mm ² surface. These parameters, in turn, depend on the peripheral speed of the ring with deforming elements, the interference fit, the size of the deforming elements, their number in the ring, rotation speed, longitudinal feed of the workpiece and the number of passes.

The modes of pulse-impact deformation for the proposed device, equipped, for example, with balls with a diameter of 5 ... 10 mm, and steel billets are as follows: circumferential speed of the ring - V _And ≈20 ... 40 m / s, peripheral speed of the billet - V _З ≈0.5 ... 1.5 m / s, the number of passes - 2 ... 3, the interference - 0.1 ... 0.25 mm.

As a result of pulse-impact plastic deformation of microroughnesses and the surface layer of the proposed device, the surface roughness parameter rises to Ra = 0.08 ... 0.4 μm with the initial value Ra = 0.8 ... 3.2 μm. The hardness of the treated surface increases by 25 ... 75% with a riveted layer depth of 0.25 ... 2.5 mm. The residual compressive stresses reach 350 ... 750 MPa on the surface.

Pre-treatment of the workpiece: grinding to a roughness parameter value Ra = 0.4 ... 1.6 μm, as well as finishing turning of surfaces with a roughness Ra = 3.2 μm.

The device for pulse-impact deformation allows you to create a regular microrelief on the machined complex, including helical, surface, capable of holding lubricants and prolonging the service life of parts during operation.

The device for pulse-impact deformation is used in the manufacture of blanks from non-ferrous metals and alloys, cast iron and steel with a hardness of up to HRC 58 ... 64.

During industrial testing, the device installed in the cartridge with an electromechanical drive lathe mod. 16K20F3, processed the screw blank of the left H41.1016.01.001 screw pump EVN5-25-1500, which had the following dimensions: total length - 1282 mm, length of the screw part - 1208 mm, cross-sectional diameter of the screw - ⌀27 ^-0.05 mm, eccentricity - 3.3 mm, pitch - 28 ^{± 0.01} mm, roughness R _a = 0.4 μm; single-helical screw surface, left direction; material - steel 40X, hardness HB 270-280, weight - 5.8 kg. Processing was carried out using the developed device.

Impulse-impact PPD were conducted in the following modes: ring peripheral speed - V _And ≈15 m / s; the peripheral speed of the workpiece is V _З ≈0.5 m / s, the number of passes is 3, the interference fit is 0.2 mm, the longitudinal S _pr feed is 1.5 ... 2.0 mm / rev, the hardening force is 170 ... 175 N; the screw diameter changed after processing by 0.02 mm (0.01 mm per side); the depth of the riveted layer was in the range of 0.15 ... 0.20 mm; hardness increase by 25 ... 30%; during processing, the deforming elements were lubricated with a mixture of industrial oil (60%) and kerosene (40%), the surface of the part with kerosene. The values of technological factors (impact frequency, feed rate) were chosen in such a way as to ensure the multiplicity of impact on the elementary area of the treated surface in the range of 6 ... 10. A further increase in the multiplicity of the deforming effect leads to softening.

The initial roughness parameter Ra = 3.2 μm, achieved - Ra = 0.32 μm; deforming tool - balls with a diameter of 4 mm made of steel ШХ15, hardness HRC 63 ... 65, located in the ring in the inner treadmill, the inner radius along the vertices of the deforming elements R _k = 20.57 mm.

The depth of the hardened by pulse-shock processing of the layer is 3 ... 4 times higher than with traditional rolling. The hardened layer in the traditional static rolling is formed under long-term action of large static forces.

The proposed device a similar depth of the hardened layer is achieved as a result of short-term pulse-impact impact on the deformation zone of the energy pulse.

The required roughness and accuracy of the helical surface was achieved after T _m = 6.6 min (against T _m ^bases = 16.5 min according to the basic version with the traditional rolling of screws on a 1K62 lathe at Livhydromash JSC).

To ensure the required quality and dimensional accuracy of processing, the main time was required 2.5 times less than when rolling in with a traditional obkatnik. In this case, the depth and microhardness of the hardened layer (white zone) were 0.15 ... 0.20 mm and 8 ... 9 GPa, respectively, with a gradual decrease in microhardness in depth to the initial state - 2.0 ... 2.5 GPa.

The control was carried out by an indicator bracket with an indicator ICh 10 B cells. 1 GOST 577-68. The cumulative error between any non-adjacent steps was not more than 0.1 mm, the clearance during the control by the straightedge of the protrusions forming in diameter was not more than 0.07 mm, which is permissible according to the technical specifications.

Studies of the stress state of the hardened surface layer by pulse-shock processing showed that the maximum residual stresses are close to the surface, as when chasing, which is favorable for most of the interfaced parts of mechanisms and machines. A comparison of the depth of the stressed and hardened layer, the stress gradient and the hardening gradient shows that the depth of the stressed layer is 1.1 ... 1.3 times greater than the depth of the riveted layer, which is consistent with the theory of surface plastic deformation.

The maximum roughness value achieved during processing by the proposed device is R _a = 0.08 μm, a reduction of the initial roughness by a factor of 6 is possible.

Impulse-impact deformation in the process favorably affects the operating conditions of the device. It leads to a more uniform distribution of the load on the deforming elements, facilitates the formation of a hardened surface.

Impulse-impact deformation contributes to better penetration of cutting fluid (coolant) into the treatment area. When impulse loads are applied, the deforming elements and the deforming surface periodically “rest”, which helps to increase their resistance. Processing under conditions of pulse-impact deformation dramatically increases the efficiency of the cooling, dispersing and plasticizing action of the coolant due to facilitating its access to the contact zone of the deforming elements and the workpiece.

The proposed device extends the technological capabilities of pulse-impact treatment by surface plastic deformation, allows you to control the depth of the hardened layer, the degree of hardening and the surface microrelief.

Information sources

1. RF patent 2276005, IPC V24V 39/04. The method of running in incomplete spherical surfaces. Stepanov Yu.S., Kirichek A.V., Samoilov N.N., Gavrilin A.M., Afanasyev B.I., Katunin A.A., Fomin D.S., 2004129399/02; 10/05/2004; 05/10/2006. Bull. No. 13.

2. RF patent 2276006, IPC V24V 39/04. Device for pulse-impact deformation of spherical surfaces. Stepanov Yu.S., Kirichek A.V., Samoilov N.N., Afanasyev B.I., Katunin A.V., Fomin D.S. 2004136428/02; 12/14/2004; 05/10/2006. Bull. No. 13 is a prototype.

Claims (1)

A device for surface plastic deformation of cylindrical and complex surfaces, comprising a housing having an individual drive and made in the form of a ring covering the workpiece with a treadmill on its inner surface, on which deforming elements are located, characterized in that it is equipped with a link, bracket and compression spring, providing pressure on the wings to create efforts for surface plastic deformation, the ring is installed in the wings to provide additional oscillatory motion relative to the longitudinal axis of the workpiece, while the link is pivotally suspended on the hollow cup of the bearing assembly, the latter is located at one end of the bracket, and the said individual drive is installed on the other end of the bracket with the possibility of transmitting rotational motion to the ring with deforming elements.

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