RU2352606C1 - Method of pyrolysis processing organo-containing raw materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: method of pyrolysis processing organo-containing raw materials involves raw materials heating up to decomposition temperature, followed with gas-vapour and solid disposal for further condensation to produce liquid hydrocarbons and noncondensed combustible pyrolised gas. It is followed with processing characterised that raw materials are heated up while contacting to high heat-conducting material surface heated with gas coolant delivered to the working place. Then screw conveyer delivers the raw materials through the working space of the pyrolysis reactor.

EFFECT: higher productivity, cost effectiveness and efficiency of pyrolysis processing organo-containing raw materials, simplified design of the pyrolysis reactor.

5 cl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of processing of organo-containing raw materials, in particular coal, shale, peat, wood, crop products, animal waste, industrial, municipal waste, with the aim of extracting various types of liquid and solid fuels and can find application in the power industry, utilities and agriculture, timber processing, chemical and other industries.

There is a method of thermal processing of organic substances, which consists in the fact that thermal processing is carried out by heating substances to a decomposition temperature with simultaneous and continuous compaction, and a protective environment is created by gases generated during the decomposition of materials with a lack of oxidizing agent (RF patent No. 2119124, F23G 5/027, 1998).

The disadvantages of this method are the need for high-intensity energy supply, low productivity, the need to remove moisture after pyrolysis, upon receipt of liquid fuel.

A known method of processing organic matter by simultaneous thermal and mechanical effects, in which the destruction of the substance occurs in direct contact with a heated surface of a heat-conducting material (Bridge - water A. Towards the "bio-refinery" - Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass // Renewable Energy World. V .4, 2001, No. 1, Jan. - Feb., pp. 71-73).

The disadvantages of this method are the need for mechanical clamping devices, the cyclical process, the complexity of the manufacture of the reactor.

A known method of processing organic raw materials by the pyrolysis method, in which high-speed heating of the raw material is carried out simultaneously with its grinding in the reactor by mixing the raw material with heated beater made of a material with a high coefficient of thermal conductivity (RF patent No. 2260615, С10В 49/00, 2004).

The disadvantages of this method are the need to use grinding metal bodies, significant fuel consumption for heating raw materials and grinding bodies, difficulties in the manufacture of the reactor.

The closest in essence to the present invention is a method of thermochemical processing of solid organic substances by contact heating, in which the heating of organic matter is carried out by running it inside the channel formed by the heated surface of the material with high thermal conductivity, and the temperature in the narrowing channel is increased in the direction of flow of the substance from 400 to 750 degrees Celsius (RF patent No. 2242677, F23G 5/027, 2003).

The disadvantages of this method are low productivity, high energy intensity of the process, difficulties in the manufacture of the reactor.

The objective of the invention is to increase the productivity, economy and efficiency of the process of processing organo-containing raw materials by the pyrolysis method, simplifying the design of the pyrolysis reactor.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of processing organo-containing raw materials by the pyrolysis method, which includes heating the raw material to its destruction temperature with subsequent removal of the resulting vapor-gas fractions and solid components for further condensation and processing, according to the invention, the raw material is heated with its simultaneous contact with a heated gas coolant ( atmospheric air) the surface of the material with high thermal conductivity and transportation of raw materials through the working space of the pyrolysis reaction ora screw conveyor.

At the same time, a screw conveyor with a heated gas coolant up to a temperature of 400-750 degrees Celsius is used as a transport device, built into the pyrolysis reactor working space, thermally insulated from the external environment.

In addition, to reduce energy costs in the pyrolysis reactor transported source organo-raw materials with simultaneous drying and heating of the gas coolant from the pyrolysis reactor.

Moreover, as a drying and heating device using a screw conveyor, built into the workspace, thermally insulated from the external environment.

In addition, to reduce energy costs in the working space of the pyrolysis reactor serves gas coolant, preheated by the heat of the cooled solid pyrolysis components with their simultaneous transportation from the pyrolysis reactor.

In this case, as a cooling device, a screw conveyor is used, which is built into the working space, thermally insulated from the external environment.

The method is as follows.

The initial organo-containing raw materials are fed into the receiving hopper of a screw conveyor integrated in the working space of the drying and heating device, thermally insulated from the external environment. When raw materials move inside a conveyor case heated by a gas coolant, it is dried and heated due to the contact of the raw material particles with the heated case wall. Water vapor is removed from the conveyor body. The dried and heated raw materials are fed into the screw conveyor of the pyrolysis reactor for thermal contact heating with its simultaneous transportation through the working space of the pyrolysis reactor, thermally insulated from the external environment. The gas-vapor fraction is removed from the conveyor body for subsequent condensation. The solid components of the pyrolysis are removed from the housing of the pyrolysis conveyor to the screw conveyor of the cooling device for cooling and the transfer of their thermal energy through the wall of the housing to the gas coolant and further for further processing. The heated gas coolant is supplied from the working space of the cooling device to the working space of the pyrolysis reactor with additional heating due to the thermal energy from oxidation (burning) of non-condensed combustible pyrolysis gases coming from the condensation column. The spent gas coolant is fed into the working space of the drying and heating device and then, after cleaning from harmful substances and components, it is released into the atmosphere.

Example 1

Brown coal with a moisture content of 45%, an ash content of 18% and a volatile yield of 58%, crushed to less than 1 mm, is continuously fed into the screw conveyor of the drying device, then to the screw conveyor of the pyrolysis reactor and then to the screw conveyor of the cooling device. Atmospheric air with a temperature of 15 degrees Celsius is fed into the working space of the cooling device. When air passes through the working space of the cooling device at the outlet of the latter, the air temperature is 260 degrees Celsius. Next, hot air is fed into the working space of the pyrolysis reactor with its heating to 650 degrees Celsius due to the burning of non-condensed combustible pyrolysis gases in the air stream. At the exit from the working space of the pyrolysis reactor, the air has a temperature of 320 degrees Celsius. Next, hot air is fed into the working space of the drying device, at the outlet of which the air has a temperature of 110 degrees Celsius. Dried brown coal at the outlet of the screw conveyor of the drying device has a temperature of 230 degrees Celsius. The solid pyrolysis products at the exit from the screw conveyor of the pyrolysis reactor have a temperature of 570 degrees Celsius and at the exit from the screw carpet of the cooling device, the temperature is 180 degrees Celsius. The output of water vapor from the housing of the screw conveyor of the drying device is 420 kg per 1 ton of brown coal. From 1 ton of the initial brown coal, the yield of liquid hydrocarbons is 122 kg, solid products (semi-coke and mineral components) is 383 kg, and the yield of non-condensed combustible gas is 75 kg.

Example 2

The method is carried out as in example 1.

The municipal waste collected at the landfill is used with a humidity of 20% and an organic matter content of 60%, crushed to less than 5 mm. Out of 1 ton of waste, the yield of water vapor is 193 kg, liquid hydrocarbons 242 kg, solid products (semi-coke, mineral components and metals) 386 kg, non-condensed combustible gas 179 kg.

Claims (5)

1. A method of processing organo-containing raw materials by the pyrolysis method, including heating the raw material to its degradation temperature, followed by removal of the resulting vapor-gas fraction and solid components for further condensation to form liquid hydrocarbons and non-condensed combustible pyrolysis gas and processing, characterized in that the raw material is heated at the same time contact with a heated gas coolant supplied to the working space of the pyrolysis reactor, the surface of the material with high thermal conductivity raw materials through the working space of the pyrolysis reactor by a screw conveyor 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a screw conveyor is used as a transport device. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that atmospheric air is used as the gas coolant. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas coolant is supplied sequentially for cooling the solid pyrolysis products, then for the pyrolysis of the feed and then for drying and heating of the feed. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas coolant before it is fed into the working space of the pyrolysis reactor is additionally heated by oxidation (burning) of non-condensed combustible pyrolysis gas.