RU2351870C1 - Universal pneumatic tube delivery device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanics.

SUBSTANCE: proposed device incorporates a high-pressure air feed tube and an assembly made up of two high-pressure chambers. The first chamber comprises a check valve, while the second chamber incorporates a time delay function. There is a jet arranged in between the said chambers. The first chamber bottom accommodates a stabiliser rigidly attached thereto. The membrane separating the aforesaid tube into two parts is fitted between the said stabiliser and the bottom. High-pressure air is forced into the lower part furnished with a stop for the check valve to shut off the jet. The second chamber is separated from the material load compartment by the time-delay membrane.

EFFECT: higher accuracy and reliability, increased delivery range.

1 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of technology related to environmental safety, and can be used to deliver materials to a given point in space, as well as various other devices (for example, radar reflectors). The device allows meteorological studies by creating aerosol formations due to the ejection of material at a given point in space and further tracking it. In addition, it can be used to extinguish a fire, conduct degassing and decontamination of the area when charging the device with an appropriate composition, as well as to localize the spread of oil stains on the surface of the water and other emergency situations where it is necessary to exclude the presence of a person in a dangerous zone and ensure delivery material for scattering it in this zone.

A device for scattering advertising sheets is known, protected by US patent No. 55535599A with a priority of 23.05.95 / 1 /. This device contains a pneumatic unit for spreading advertising sheets and a sleeve in which the sheets rolled into a tube are placed. The sleeve is installed in a pneumatic unit and has cardboard walls and a non-force bottom. Advertising sheets are placed inside the sleeve in a folded position, and the sheet width is such that no more than 3 turns are required to fold the sheet into a ring of the required diameter, and the sheet length is three times the length of the sleeve. A sign common with the claimed device is the use of pneumatics to spread the material, in particular advertising sheets. However, the known device has structural limitations, which does not allow to place aerosols and other materials, as well as a low delivery range.

Known pneumatic starter with destructible disk, protected by US patent No. 5365913A with priority from 07.20.93 / 2 /. The device contains a storage tank with compressed air coming from the source. A launch tube is connected to the reservoir through a destructible disk. At a certain pressure value, the disk is destroyed and passes the released air to launch the projectile. The device allows repeated replacement of the disk after starting. The known device uses, as claimed, the energy of compressed air for firing shells, and it has a launch tube and destructible disk (membranes).

The invention is known (US patent No. 5370033A with priority dated 09/30/93 under the name "Pneumatic shooting device") / 3 /. The device comprises a barrel, a source of compressed gas, a channel connecting the source of compressed gas to the barrel, a blocker and a valve. The blocker closes the channel connecting the source of compressed gas to the barrel. The valve is located outside the barrel, connected to a source of compressed gas and controls the blocker. When the valve is activated, the blocker opens the channel connecting the barrel with a source of compressed gas, which ensures the supply of compressed gas to the barrel and a shot. The known device uses, as claimed, the energy of compressed air for firing shells, and it has a barrel - launch tube. However, the known device has limited design capabilities for placement and subsequent scattering of various materials.

A device for setting false targets is described in the international application WO 79/00658 with a priority of 02.22.79 / 4 /, which is closest in technical result and technical performance, as well as in general design features. The known device is intended for the formulation of aerosol formations from dipole reflectors. It includes an upward-facing launch tube, in the lower part of which there is an opening for supplying high-pressure air, and a projectile consisting of two high-pressure chambers, one of which with a check valve, and the second chamber with a time delay function, a jet is installed between them, and a loading compartment with material, a piston and a cover. The projectile is fired through the upper end of the launch tube using high pressure air. Material is released from the projectile at a certain time after the shot and forms a cloud at a given height and required distance. For this, the projectile contains a first high-pressure chamber where air initially enters during firing and is subsequently held by a check valve. A second time delay chamber is located between the first chamber and the loading compartment. A piston device is placed between them, which serves to displace the spreading material with increasing pressure in the second chamber. The throttle opening allows compressed air to pass from the first high-pressure chamber to the second chamber for a certain projectile flight time, which is necessary to prepare for the start of the aerosol cloud production. Signs common with the claimed device are, in addition to using the energy of compressed air for firing and scattering materials at a given point in space, the presence of a launch tube that provides the projectile with high-pressure air and the subsequent direction of projectile movement after the shot to the calculated point in space; the presence in the shell of a check valve, which allows you to create a supply of energy of compressed air and keep it sufficient to produce a spread of matter after a certain estimated time; the presence of a nozzle between high-pressure chambers and a piston device for ejecting material.

The main disadvantages of the known device include the limited (up to 100 m) emission range of the material and its mass; limited supply of compressed air energy for the discharge of material; distance of the aerosol cloud caused by the time of movement of the ejecting piston with the material along the loading compartment of the projectile.

The technical result of the claimed invention consists in increasing the reliability and accuracy of the device by simplifying the design, increasing the casting distance of the material and its mass, reducing the time of ejection of the material by increasing the energy supply of compressed air in the high-pressure chamber.

The specified technical result is achieved in the claimed invention by the fact that the invention contains, as a prototype device, a launch tube, inside which there is a hole for supplying high pressure air, and a device consisting of two high pressure chambers, one of which with a check valve, and the second chamber with a time delay function, between them a nozzle is installed, and a loading compartment with material, a piston and a cover, and, in contrast to the prototype device, in the present invention, to the bottom of the high-pressure chamber body The stabilizer is rigidly fixed with a non-return valve, a membrane is installed between them, which divides the launch tube into two parts, high pressure air is supplied to the lower part, a stop is installed in it, the non-return valve closes the nozzle with the stop, and the second time delay chamber is separated from loading compartment membrane time delay.

The essence of the claimed invention is illustrated in the drawing, which shows a General view of a universal device for pneumatic delivery in section.

The claimed invention contains a launch tube 1, divided into two parts by a membrane 2, in the lower part 3 there is an opening 4 and a stop 5. The membrane is rigidly fixed between the stabilizer 6 and the bottom of the housing of the first high-pressure chamber 7. Inside the pipe there is a first high-pressure chamber 8 with a reverse a valve to which the second high-pressure chamber of time delay 9 and the loading compartment are hermetically attached. The high-pressure chambers 8 and 9 are made in the form of a pipe segment. The bottom 7 is sealed to the bottom of the first high-pressure chamber 8 by means of a seal 11, in the center of which there is a through hole 12, which passes into the seat 13 of the check valve. A check valve is installed inside the first high-pressure chamber, which consists of a shutter 14 with a spring 15. At the end of the shutter, a centering sleeve 16 with grooves for air passage is installed. A nozzle 17 is installed between the first 8 and second 9 high-pressure chambers 17. A loading compartment 10 is connected to the upper part of the second high-pressure chamber 9, a time delay membrane 18 and a piston 19 are installed between them. Material 20 is laid on the piston 19 on the piston 19. the loading compartment 10 is closed by a cover 21, and taking into account the requirements to reduce aerodynamic drag it is made in the form of a cone.

The work of the invention is as follows.

At the initial moment, the stop 5 presses the shutter 14 to the nozzle 17 and closes it, while opening the air passage into the first high-pressure chamber 8 with a check valve 8 through the hole 12 and the seat 13, the spring 15 is compressed. The membrane is sandwiched between the upper 1 and lower 2 parts of the launch tube. Before the shot, an impulse of high pressure air is supplied to the hole 4 of the lower part of the launch tube 3 from an autonomous source. Through the hole 4, air enters under the membrane 2 and through the hole 12, through the grooves of the centering sleeve 16, into the first chamber with a check valve 8, where it accumulates.

At a certain value of air pressure, the membrane 2 ruptures and the device begins to move along the launch tube. At the same time, the stop 5 releases the shutter 14, which, under the action of the spring, sits on the seat 13 and closes the hole 12, freeing the nozzle 17 for air to enter the second time chamber 9.

When the maximum design pressure in the time delay chamber 9 is reached, the time delay membrane 18 ruptures and the piston 19 pushes the material 20 together with the cover 21 from the loading compartment 10.

The time of air flow from the first chamber with a non-return valve 8 to the second time delay chamber 9 is determined by the diameter of the nozzle 17 and the selection of the thickness and material of the time delay membrane 18, which corresponds to the estimated material emission range.

The invention was tested in laboratory and field conditions.

Examples of specific performance universal device pneumatic delivery

In the process of conducting theoretical and experimental studies of the developed design of a universal pneumatic delivery device, its optimal parameters were determined. The materials and thicknesses of the membranes are selected. Based on the test results, a workable sample was made.

As the results of tests conducted on the territory of the Gas Dynamics Laboratory of St. Petersburg State University show, the proposed device can improve reliability compared to the prototype due to simplification of the design (changing the design of the check valve and the use of membranes). Tests of the device showed its high reliability - no worse than 98%. Of the 50 pilot launches of the universal pneumatic delivery device, 49 of them gave a positive result.

The invention, as shown by the test results, allowed to increase the casting distance of the material and its mass in comparison with the known devices-analogues by about 2-3 times.

The table shows, as an example, the values of the casting distance of the material vertically upwards depending on the magnitude of the air pressure during the discharge.

Air pressure (atm) thirty 40 fifty 60 Range (m) 173 230 288 337

The claimed invention also allows to increase the accuracy of the ejection of the material at a given point in space, which is especially important for conducting meteorological studies, by creating an aerosol formation and further tracking it. Based on the obtained test results, it can be argued that the range spread during the ejection of material from the device did not exceed 5%.

The claimed invention also allows to reduce the time of ejection of the material by increasing the energy supply of compressed air in the high-pressure chamber, which is 95-97% of the air pressure during firing (previously it did not exceed 50%).

Information sources

1. US patent No. 5553599 A from 09/10/96. Application No. 447823 from 05.23.95, MKI F41B 4/00.

2. US Patent No. 5365913 A of 11.22.94. Application No. 9393158 of 07.20.93, MKI F41B 4/00.

3. US patent No. 5370033A dated 12/06/94. Application No. 93129726 from 09.30.93, MKI F41F 3/00.

4. Patent No. WO 079/00658 of 09/06/79. Application No.PCT / SE 79/00039 dated 02.22.79, MKI F42B 13/42 (prototype).

Claims (1)

A universal pneumatic delivery device containing a launch tube, inside which there is a hole for supplying high pressure air, and a device consisting of two high pressure chambers, one of which is made with a check valve, and the second chamber is made with a time delay function, between which is installed a nozzle, and a loading compartment with material, a piston and a cover, characterized in that a stabilizer is rigidly fixed to the bottom of the pressure chamber housing with a non-return valve, between which and the bottom of the mouth ovlena membrane separating the launch tube into two parts, the lower of which is fed high pressure air and mounted abutment, by means of which the check valve closes the orifice, the second chamber with the time delay function is separated from the feed compartment of the delay membrane.