RU2351476C2 - Method of production multilayer steel articles (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: metallurgy.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used for manufacturing of sandwich steel articles with pattern on its surface, representative for damask steel, for example, while manufacturing blanks for knives, blades and other cutting and piercing instruments, knives itselves and blades, and also personal protective gears-shields, bullet-proof vests and others. It is received sandwich, including, at least, two plates made of steels with different etching. At least, one of plates is implemented of damask type steel, and other - from usual steel. After plates boxing it is implemented annealing for removal of strains and hot deformation of plates pack by forging and/or rolling in two stages with following annealing. It is created deformation of all or some layers of blank and it is treated with pattern identification on grinding finish, representative for damask steel. According to the second option of invention it is received plates packet from damask steel. Following fabrication method is equal to the first option.

EFFECT: receiving of strongly marked patterns with saving of high mechanical properties of metal work all volume, and also superhardness and resistance against product cutting edge dulling, in aggregate with high flexibility of particular product's piece.

15 cl, 6 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of metallurgy, and in particular to methods of manufacturing layered steel products with a pattern on their surface characteristic of Damask and Damascus steel, and can be used in metallurgical production in the manufacture of blanks for knives, blades and other cutting and stabbing tools, knives themselves and blades, as well as personal protective equipment - shields, body armor, etc.

As you know, damask steel (damask steel) is cast carbon steel with a unique structure and patterned surface, which has high hardness and elasticity. Cold steel was made from bulat.

Damascus steel is originally the same as damask steel. Later - steel with a layered structure obtained by forge welding of braided wires or strips made of steel with different carbon contents (Encyclopedic Dictionary - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1984, p.176, 357).

Damask steel belongs to the category of natural composites, and Damascus steel obtained from billets made up of a set of steel fragments belongs to the category of artificial composites. The characteristic patterns revealed on the polished surface (sometimes with additional etching) of damask and damask steel products differ from each other - the patterns on damask steel are more varied, diverse, almost unique.

A known method of manufacturing a composite metal product consisting of at least two stainless steel materials of various compositions, one of which is in the form of a powder, interconnected by sealing by isostatic pressing at a pressure above 60 MPa and a temperature above 1000 ° C. Before this, at least two stainless steel materials are placed in separate layers in a capsule, from which air is pumped out, then the capsule is closed and subjected to sealing treatment to obtain a solid body. The method is aimed at obtaining a hardened cutting edge in the manufacture of cutting tools in combination with high corrosion resistance and the ability to obtain a decorative effect on products in the form of a pattern similar to the pattern of Damascus steel (RF Patent No. 2127195, IPC V32V 15/18, publ. 10.03.1999 g.).

The disadvantage of the method described in the description of this patent is, firstly, the need to use a vacuum capsule with at least two stainless steels placed in it, at least one of which is in powder form, and secondly, that the cutting edge of the product in the form of a blade, formed from steel powder by compaction by compression followed by plastic deformation, in terms of resistance during operation is inevitably inferior to the cutting edge of the blade formed from a steel billet, radiation by means of conventional methods of smelting and subsequent forging operations and / or rolling.

A known method of manufacturing a heterogeneous metal product such as a damask blade, according to which thin sheets of various metal materials are collected in a stack, which is placed in an open container. Then the sides of the container are folded so that the stack of sheets together with the container forms a dense package, which is heated and crimped by forging in order to weld the stack of sheets together into a multilayer plate, after which the container is removed. The elongated side of the obtained multilayer plate is sharpened to obtain a cutting blade (US Patent No. 4881430, NKI 76 / 104R, publ. 11.21.1989).

The disadvantage of this method consists in laying a set of plates in an open steel container without sealing the latter, as a result of which the surfaces of the steel sheets are not protected from the formation of oxides on them before heating or rolling, which make welding difficult forging.

The closest analogue is a method of manufacturing multilayer stainless metal products, which consists in placing a package of stainless steel plates in a steel container, sealing it and forging and / or rolling the plates together with the container in two stages at a given temperature and degree of deformation. After the container is removed, softening heat treatment and cutting of the multilayer sheets into multilayer blanks is carried out. Create a distorted shape of all or some layers of the workpiece. Perform smoothing forging or rolling of workpieces with a certain degree of deformation to obtain multilayer products with a thickness of 1.5-15 mm. The total degree of deformation is in the range of 70-99% and is determined by mathematical dependence. To obtain the necessary hardness and strength, hardening and tempering of products is carried out, followed by grinding and revealing a pattern characteristic of Damascus steel on the polished surface of the product. At the same time, they provide high mechanical properties of the entire volume of the metal product and a particularly high hardness and resistance of the sharp cutting edge of the blade against blunting (RF Patent No. 2288101, IPC V32V 15/18, published on November 27, 2006 - prototype).

One of the significant drawbacks of the known method is the artificial creation of all the details of the artistic pattern on the surface of a multilayer metal product by means of various kinds of mechanical and other distorting (deforming) effects on the multilayer workpiece in order to eliminate the monotonous plane-parallel alternation of layers of various steels that make up the multilayer metal product.

The second disadvantage of this method, arising from the first, is a significant dropout (rejection) or a decrease in the grade point (grade) of the obtained multilayer metal products by artistic value, reaching 1/3 of the total number of finished products made from a precast package.

The third drawback is that if there is a sufficiently large free volume of air in the container during heating, the surfaces of the plates to be “forged” are oxidized, which worsens or completely eliminates the formation of a continuous monolithic multilayer blank during hot deformation of the assembly package due to delamination.

The problem to which the invention is directed is to create a method for producing high-quality metal products for instrumental and structural purposes, combining high strength and ductility under static and dynamic loading conditions, as well as high hardness, with the presence of a decorative pattern characteristic of damask and damask steel .

The technical result of the invention is to obtain pronounced patterns characteristic not only of Damascus steel, but also of damask steel on the surface of metal blanks in the form of sheets, plates or ribbons for the manufacture of products such as blades, knives, personal protective equipment, such as body armor while maintaining high mechanical properties of the entire volume of the metal product and particularly high hardness and resistance to blunting the sharp cutting edge of the product, combined with high ductility solid fragments of the product, as well as in increasing the “yield” during the mass production of multilayer metal products.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that according to the first embodiment of the invention, the method of manufacturing a two-layer or multilayer steel product involves laying at least two plates of steel with different etchability to obtain a package, while at least one of the plates is made of steel type damask steel and has a thickness of 10 -25 mm, and the other plate or other plates are made of ordinary steel and have a thickness of 5-25 mm, welding the plates around the perimeter with sealing the space between them, annealing to relieve stresses, hot deformation the package of plates forging and / or rolling in two stages, of which in the first stage - after heating to 1150-1250 ° C with a total degree of deformation of 45-75%, in the second stage - after heating to 1050-1180 ° C deformations of 35-65% to obtain bilayer or multilayer sheets with a thickness of 2-12 mm, annealing, cutting of bilayer or multilayer sheets into bilayer or multilayer workpieces, creating a distorted shape of all or some layers of the workpiece, smoothing forging and / or rolling with a degree of deformation of 15- 75% before receiving a two-layer or multilayer ed Leah 1.5-6.0 mm thick, quenching, tempering, grinding on a plane or at an angle of 10-30 ° and identification on the ground surface patterns characteristic damask and damask steel.

In a particular case, a packet is made of an odd number of plates, while a damask steel plate is placed between the plates of ordinary steel in the middle of the packet, or a plate of ordinary steel is placed between the plates of damask steel.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that, according to the second embodiment of the invention, the method of manufacturing a two-layer or multilayer steel product includes laying at least two plates 10–25 mm thick from steel of type damask steel to produce a packet, welding the plates around the perimeter with sealing the space between them, annealing for stress relieving, hot deformation of the plate package by forging and / or rolling in two stages, of which in the first stage after heating to 1150-1250 ° C with a total degree of deformation of 45-75%, in the second stage after heating to 1050 -1180 ° С with a total degree of deformation of 35-65% to produce bilayer or multilayer sheets with a thickness of 2-12 mm, annealing, cutting of bilayer or multilayer sheets into bilayer or multilayer workpieces, creating a distorted shape of all or some layers of the workpiece, smoothing forging and / or rolling with a degree of deformation of 15-75% to obtain a two-layer or multi-layer product with a thickness of 1.5-6.0 mm, hardening, tempering, grinding on a plane or at an angle of 10-30 ° and revealing patterns on the polished surface that are characteristic of damask and damask steel.

In both the first and second variants of the method, a two-layer or multilayer steel product is made in the form of sheets or plates or strips; steel-type steel plates are obtained by electroslag remelting of a billet from high-carbon or high-carbon alloy steel at an ingot deposition rate of 0.5-1.5 cm / min, if necessary followed by hot deformation, annealing, cutting to the required size and grinding, and as usual steels use carbon and / or low alloy, and / or alloyed structural, and / or stainless structural, and / or tool steel of varying degrees of alloying. In addition, between the plates additionally stacked from 1 to 5 sheets with a thickness of 0.5-2.0 mm from ordinary steel. If necessary, cold treatment is carried out between quenching and tempering.

If necessary, between the operations of creating a distorted shape of all or some layers of the workpiece and smoothing forging and / or rolling, partial or complete elimination of irregularities in the form of protrusions and depressions by planing and / or grinding is performed, which helps to preserve the created distortions at the stage of smoothing rolling and / or forging forms.

The differences of the proposed method from the known (prototype) are as follows.

The material of the plates in both embodiments of the invention use steel type damask steel, and in the second embodiment, only steel type damask steel.

In the first embodiment of the invention, in addition to damask steel, steel of various compositions and purposes, generically named, in contrast to damask steel, ordinary, is used as the plate material.

The thickness of the plates is concretized and amounts to 5-25 mm for steels of the usual type and 10-25 mm for steels of damask type.

In both variants of the invention, after laying the plates in the bag, the space between them is welded. After welding, annealing is performed to relieve residual stresses in the weld and in the heat affected zone.

In both variants of the invention, in the particular case of its implementation, laying is provided between the main plates of additional sheets with a thickness of 0.5-2.0 mm, reinforcing the decorative effect of the pattern in the finished product and improving the forging conditions of the main plates.

In both variants of the invention, a method for producing damask steel is disclosed, which consists in electroslag remelting of a steel billet with a deposition rate of 0.5-1.5 cm / min, followed by cutting out of the obtained ingot the plates to be stacked, or in electroslag remelting of a steel billet with the specified deposition rate, followed by hot plastic deformation on the plates of the required thickness for laying in the assembly package. The deposition of an ingot during electroslag remelting at a rate of less than 0.5 cm / min leads to the undesirable formation of large secondary carbides in the cast structure of high-carbon and high-carbon alloy steels behind the crystallization front, which degrade processability in the first stage of hot deformation of the assembly package. At a deposition rate of more than 1.5 cm / min, a structure is formed in the cast ingot, consisting of dendrites with a cross section of less than 3 mm, insufficient to form a damask structure.

The finished multilayer steel product is subjected to final grinding on the plane or at an angle to a flat surface of 10-30 ° before identifying the pattern. Angle grinding simulates the sharpening of a multilayer steel product in the manufacture of knife products or blades from it and allows you to identify the expected pattern from etching in the finished product. The angle of 10-30 ° is selected experimentally.

One of the distinguishing features of both variants of the invention is the welding of plates in a bag with sealing the space between them. When seam welding along the perimeter of the edges of adjacent plates in a composite package, high tightness is achieved with virtually no free space between the plates, which eliminates the oxidation of the contacting surfaces of the plates in the package and, as a result, good adhesion, reliable forging of the plates during hot deformation, the result is an increase in yield.

In contrast to the known method in the proposed method, the thickness of the plates stacked in a package of ordinary steels is regulated and is 5-25 mm. This is due to the fact that during electric arc or argon arc welding into a package of plates of smaller thickness, the tightness of the weld is deteriorated due to local burnout of the edge of the sheet; at large thicknesses, the variability of the layered pattern characteristic of Damascus steel decreases, thereby impoverishing the artistic value of the pattern revealed in the pattern. The lower limit of the damask steel plate thickness (10 mm) is regulated by the fact that, at smaller thicknesses, the damask steel pattern degrades.

Laying in a package of plates - ordinary and steel of damask type provides a greater variety of the created pattern on the surface of multilayer products and its more clear identification during etching; in addition, if necessary, the required combination of mechanical properties is achieved - hardness and ductility.

Example 1. Forged plate with a thickness of 25 mm from steel of damask type, made by electroslag remelting of a billet from chrome stainless tool steel 65X13 (0.72% C, 0.6% Mn, 0.35% Si, 13.2% Cr) with the ingot deposition rate of 0.8 cm / min, after annealing at 860 ° С and grinding of planes and ribs to remove forging irregularities, and a hot-rolled polished plate 20 mm thick of ordinary steel - structural grade 20X13 chrome stainless steel were laid on top of each other, thus forming a two-layer package and connected among themselves perime Electric arc welding, while creating a continuous sealed seam. After welding, the resulting package was annealed to relieve stresses at 700 ° C, after which it was heated to 1180 ° C and forged from one extension to a thickness of 12 mm with a degree of deformation of 65%, and then heated to 1080 ° C and rolled in 2 passes on a two-layer sheet 6.5 mm thick with a degree of deformation of 46%. After this, annealing was carried out at 780 ° C.

The resulting sheet was cut into two-layer billets, and to create a distorted shape of all layers of the billets by local impacts on small strikers, they were forged after heating to 1060 ° C to a thickness of 5.0 mm (degree of deformation 23%). After that, smoothing rolling was carried out after heating to 1060 ° C into two-layer products — a two-layer sheet with a thickness of 4.5 mm with a degree of deformation of 18%. After heating to a temperature of 1020 ° С in oil, the two-layer product was tempered, released at 250 ° С, polished to a finished size, and etching in a mixture of acids revealed patterns of damask and damask steel on its surface. The hardness of steel was 56 HRC on the layer 65Х13-Ш and 35 HRC on the layer 20Х13.

Example 2. Assembled a package of three polished plates, two of which are 15 mm thick, located on the outside, made of ordinary stainless steel 20X13. A third damask steel plate 20 mm thick was made by forging an ingot from steel 95X18-Sh (0.97% C, 0.65% Mn, 0.72% Si, 18.5% Cr), obtained by electroslag remelting with a deposition rate of ingot 1 , 0 cm / min, sanded and placed in the middle of the package.

The plates folded in this way were connected together along the perimeter by electric arc welding with a hermetic continuous seam. After welding, the packet was annealed at 700 ° С, heated to 1180 ° С and forged from one extension to a thickness of 25 mm (degree of deformation 50%). Then the forged package was heated to 1080 ° C and rolled onto a multilayer sheet 12 mm thick (52% deformation degree) and annealed at 860 ° C. The multilayer sheet was cut into multilayer blanks, on the surface of which hammer blows with strikers equipped with spherical protrusions and slightly elongated along the oval-shaped plane created recesses of the corresponding profile and a depth of 1.5-2.0 mm, and then by flat grinding to a depth of 1, 2 mm on each side partially eliminated the irregularities created on the surfaces of the workpiece in the form of depressions and protrusions. Multilayer workpieces with distortions of the shape of the interface between the deformed plates of the indicated 2 compositions were laminated to remove depressions and protrusions on their surfaces with a degree of deformation of 50% and ground on both surfaces. After that, the obtained multilayer products with a thickness of 5.5 mm were quenched from a temperature of 1050 ° C, released (after treatment with cold) at 200 ° C, final (fine) grinding was performed and the pattern was etched on their surfaces. The resulting pattern consists of a set of islands in the form of circles and ovals against a general background with stronger etchability. The hardness of the revealed steel layers is 62 HRC in the central layer (95X18-III) and 35 HRC in the outer layers (20X13).

Example 3. A bag of three polished plates was assembled, two of which were made of ordinary steel 12 mm thick each, made of tool tungsten steel of grade B1 (1.2% C, 0.25% Cr, 0.4% Mn, 1.2 % W), located outside. The third damask type plate was made of steel 65Kh13-Sh, 20 mm thick, forged from an ingot of this steel, obtained by electroslag remelting with an ingot deposition rate of 1.0 cm / min and placed in the middle of the package. Between the plates of steel of the indicated grades were placed 3 sheets of stainless steel, with two of them - grade 12X18H10T 0.8 mm thick and the third - from steel grade 20X13 1.5 mm thick; the width and length of these sheets coincide with the width and length of the plates.

The plates folded by this method were connected by welding with a consumable electrode with partial melting of the edge sections of sheets of steel 12Kh18N10T and steel 20Kh13 and intense melting of the edges of the joined plates themselves, thus forming two continuous sealed seams along the perimeter of the packet.

After welding, the packet was annealed at 780 ° С, heated to 1200 ° С and forged from one extension to a thickness of 20 mm (degree of deformation 60%). Then the forged package was heated to 1180 ° C and rolled onto a multilayer sheet 10 mm thick (degree of deformation 50%) and annealed at 800 ° C. The multilayer sheet was cut into multilayer blanks, on the surface of which bends were created on both surfaces by hammer blows with profiled strikers with wave-shaped working surfaces with a wave height of 1.5-2.0 mm. To preserve the resulting shape distortions in the volume of the multilayer sheet, an additional smoothing grinding was performed with the removal of metal on each side of 1.5 mm. After that, the obtained multilayer billets were rolled at a temperature of 1150 ° C with a degree of deformation of 43% for multilayer products with a thickness of 4 mm. The multilayer products were hardened at a temperature of 900 ° C, released at 250 ° C, polished on one side at an angle of 15 ° with the formation of an oblique section, and then etched the pattern on their surfaces. The resulting pattern, characteristic of Damascus steel, consists of two sections of different etchability, separated by a thin three-layer “snake” from alternating layers of 12Kh18N10T and 20Kh13 steels. The surface area from the "snake" to the top of the wedge has a pattern characteristic of damask steel. The hardness of the identified layers of steel is 64 HRC in the outer layers (steel B1) and 56 HRC in the central layer (65X13-Sh).

Example 4. Hot-rolled plate made of high-carbon alloy steel grade HVG-Sh (0.98% C; 0.35% Si; 0.87% Mn; 0.94% Cr, 1.3% W) of the damask type obtained by electroslag remelting with an ingot deposition rate of 1.2 cm / min, and two plates with a thickness of 15 mm each of ordinary spring steel 60С2А (0.61% С; 1.85% Si; 0.75% Mn) were placed in a package, while the plate HVG-Sh steel was placed in the middle of the package. One sheet of 2.0 mm thick from ordinary steel 20X (0.22% C; 0.25% Si; 0.65% Mn; 0.80% Cr) was placed between plates of HVG-Sh and 60С2А steel.

The plates, assembled in a package, were interconnected by electric arc welding along the perimeter, while achieving sealing of the package. The resulting package was annealed to relieve residual stresses at 680 ° C. After that, the package was heated to 1150 ° C and rolled to a thickness of 25 mm (degree of deformation 54%). The rolled preform was heated to 1180 ° C and rolled onto a multilayer sheet with a thickness of 10.0 mm, and then annealed at 780 ° C.

The resulting multilayer sheet was cut into multilayer blanks. To create distortions in the surface layers of the multilayer workpiece, recesses were made on its surface by applying cuts to a depth of 2.0-2.5 mm in the form of a mesh with a pitch of 4-6 mm. After that, the billets were subjected to smoothing rolling at 1050 ° C for multilayer products with a thickness of 5 mm (degree of deformation 50%), annealed at 800 ° C, quenched from oil at a temperature of 840 ° C and released at 200 ° C. After this, the multilayer products were ground along the plane to a thickness of 4.0 mm and acid etching revealed patterns of the damask type in the five-layer multilayer product and the damask type - in its middle layer - HVG-Sh. The hardness of the middle layer was 64 HRC, the hardness of the layers of steel 60C2A - 48HRC.

Example 5. Three plates of the same size, cut by EDM cutting along the longitudinal axis of an ingot made of steel 65X13-Sh, obtained by the technology specified in example 1, were ground (each of them) to a thickness of 25 mm, laid on top of each other with the formation of a three-layer package so that the direction “along the axis of the ingot” in the plate laid in the middle of the package formed an angle of 90 ° with the direction “along the axis of the ingot” in the other two plates.

The plates of the obtained three-layer package were joined together around the perimeter by two continuous seams of argon-arc welding with the formation of a sealed space between adjacent plates. After annealing at 780 ° C, the welded bag was heated to 1200 ° C and first forged from one extension to a thickness of 30 mm with elongation of the outer plates in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the original ingot from which these plates were cut (strain 60%), and then after heating up to 1090 ° С, they were rolled in three passes onto a multilayer sheet with a thickness of 15 mm (degree of deformation of 50%) and annealed at 780 ° С. The resulting multilayer sheet was cut into multilayer preforms and, after heating to 1060 ° C, was forged with local impacts on strikers of small area to a thickness of 10 mm to create distortions of all layers of the preform in a predominantly rectilinear form of fibers.

Smoothing rolling of a multilayer billet was performed after heating to 1040 ° C with a degree of deformation of 40% for multilayer products with a thickness of 6 mm. After that, it was quenched from 1040 ° C with cooling in oil and tempered at 300 ° C. Then, the multilayer product was polished from two opposite sides at an angle of 10 ° (on a wedge converging to the middle of the edge of the central plate).

After grinding by double etching in a mixture of acids with intermediate cleaning with nylon brushes, patterns were revealed on the polished surfaces of the multilayer product. The pattern looks like a set of slightly curved long threads with different reflectivity in the central layer and shorter threads in the outer layers. The hardness of all layers of the multilayer product was 55-57 HRC.

Example 6. Three hot-rolled plates of 20 mm thickness each from damask steel made by electroslag remelting of a workpiece from high-carbon alloy steel 95X18 (0.97% C, 0.65% Mn, 0.72% Si, 18.5% Cr) with an ingot deposition rate of 1.2 cm / min, after annealing at 880 ° C, they were stacked on top of each other, forming a three-layer package. Three sheets of stainless steel were placed between the central and outer plates, with two of them - grade 12X18H10T - 0.5 mm thick and the third - of steel grade 20X13 - 1.0 mm thick; the width and length of these sheets coincide with the width and length of the plates.

The plates folded by this method were connected by welding with a consumable electrode with partial melting of the edge sections of sheets of steel 12Kh18N10T and steel 20Kh13 and intense melting of the edges of the joined plates themselves, thus forming two continuous sealed seams along the perimeter of the packet.

After welding, the packet was annealed at 800 ° С, heated to 1200 ° С, and from one extension it was forged to a thickness of 20 mm (degree of deformation 68%). Then, the forged package was heated to 1180 ° C and rolled onto a multilayer sheet 10 mm thick (degree of deformation 50%) and annealed at 860 ° C. The multilayer sheet was cut into multilayer blanks, on the surface of which bends were created on both surfaces by hammer blows with profiled strikers with wave-shaped working surfaces with a wave height of 1.5 mm. To preserve the resulting shape distortions in the volume of the multilayer sheet, an additional smoothing grinding was carried out with metal removal on each side of 1.0 mm. After that, the obtained multilayer billets were rolled at a temperature of 1180 ° C with a degree of deformation of 37.5% for multilayer products with a thickness of 5 mm. The multilayer products were quenched from a temperature of 1050 ° C in oil, released (after treatment with cold) at 200 ° C, grinding was performed on both sides at an angle of 12 ° with the formation of a wedge-shaped cross-section, and then the pattern was etched on their surfaces. The resulting pattern on each of the polished sides of the product, characteristic of Damascus steel, consists of two sections with a fibrous structure of the same etchability, separated by a thin three-layer "snake" from alternating layers of 12Kh18N10T and 20Kh13 steels. The surface areas on both sides of the "snake" have a pattern characteristic of damask steel. The hardness of the identified layers of steel 95Х18-Ш - 62 HRC in both the outer and inner layers.

Claims (15)

1. A method of manufacturing a multilayer steel product, comprising laying at least two plates of steels with different etchability to obtain a package, and at least one of the plates is made of steel type damask steel and has a thickness of 10-25 mm, and the rest steel plates have a thickness of 5-25 mm each, subsequent welding of the plates around the perimeter with sealing of the space between them, annealing to relieve stresses, hot deformation of the plate package by forging and / or rolling in two stages: at the first stage, after heating to 1150-1250 ° C with common with the deformation heat of 45-75%, in the second stage, after heating to 1050-1180 ° C with a total degree of deformation of 35-65%, to obtain sheets 2-12 mm thick, annealing, cutting sheets into blanks, creating a distorted shape of all or some layers of the workpiece, smoothing forging and / or rolling with a degree of deformation of 15-75% to obtain a product with a thickness of 1.5-6.0 mm, hardening, tempering, grinding on a plane or at an angle of 10-30 ° and revealing patterns on the polished surface, characteristic of damask and damask steel. 2. The method according to claim 1, in which the multilayer steel product is made in the form of sheets or tape. 3. The method according to claim 1, in which plates of steel such as damask steel are obtained by electroslag remelting of a billet of high-carbon or high-carbon alloy steel at a deposition rate of the ingot of 0.5-1.5 cm / min and, if necessary, followed by hot deformation, annealing, cutting to the required size and grinding. 4. The method according to claim 1, in which steel plates use plates of carbon or low alloy, or alloy structural, or stainless structural, or tool steel of varying degrees of alloying. 5. The method according to claim 1, in which a packet is obtained from an odd number of plates, wherein a steel plate such as damask steel is laid in the middle of the packet between steel plates or a steel plate is laid between the damask steel plates. 6. The method according to claim 1 or 5, in which between 1 to 5 steel plates 0.5-2.0 mm thick are additionally laid between a steel plate and a damask steel plate. 7. The method according to claim 1, in which between the hardening and tempering carry out the processing of cold. 8. The method according to claim 1, in which between the operations of creating a distorted shape of all or some layers of the workpiece and smoothing forging and / or rolling, partial or complete elimination of irregularities in the form of protrusions and depressions by planing and / or grinding is performed. 9. A method of manufacturing a multilayer steel product, including laying at least two plates with a thickness of 10-25 mm from steel type damask steel to obtain a package, welding the plates around the perimeter with sealing the space between them, annealing to relieve stresses, hot deformation of the package of plates by forging and / or rolling in two stages: at the first stage - after heating to 1150-1250 ° C with a total degree of deformation of 45-75%, at the second stage - after heating to 1050-1180 ° C with a total degree of deformation of 35-65%, to obtain 2-12 mm thick laminated sheets, annealing, cutting joints on the workpieces, creating a distorted shape of all or some layers of the workpiece, smoothing forging and / or rolling with a degree of deformation of 15-75% to obtain a two-layer or multilayer product with a thickness of 1.5-6.0 mm, hardening, tempering, grinding on a plane or at an angle of 10-30 ° and revealing patterns on the polished surface that are characteristic of damask and damask steel. 10. The method according to claim 9, in which plates of steel such as damask steel are obtained by electroslag remelting of a billet from high-carbon or high-carbon alloy steel at a deposition rate of the ingot of 0.5-1.5 cm / min and, if necessary, followed by hot deformation, annealing, cutting to the required size and grinding. 11. The method according to claim 9, in which between the plates of steel type damask steel additionally laid from 1 to 5 steel plates with a thickness of 0.5-2.0 mm 12. The method according to claim 11, in which steel plates use plates of carbon or low alloy, or alloy structural, or stainless structural, or tool steel of varying degrees of alloying. 13. The method according to claim 9, in which the multilayer steel product is made in the form of sheets or tape. 14. The method according to claim 9, in which between the hardening and tempering carry out the processing of cold. 15. The method according to claim 9, in which between the operations of creating a distorted shape of all or some layers of the workpiece and smoothing forging and / or rolling, partial or complete elimination of irregularities in the form of protrusions and depressions by planing and / or grinding is carried out.