RU2351467C1 - Concrete mixer for concrete making - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to production of construction materials. It is arranged in the form of internal helical drum coaxially mounted in external helical drum, surface of which is formed by flat elements that are discretely located along perimeter, are multidirectional relative to helical lines of different pitch and with different number of turns inverted towards each other, forming helical lines with permanent pitch, for activation and transportation of loose components in horizontal directions opposite to supply of hardening water, and external helical drum for concrete mixing is arranged in the form of multi-stage helical conical drum with multidirectional helical surfaces of equal pitch and equal number of turns directed towards each other and forming helical lines of alternating pitch, at that external helical conical drum and internal helical drum are arranged as sectional, at that drum sections are made of equilateral and isosceles triangles that are alternately connected along perimeter, sides of which are equal to each other, but bases of isosceles triangles are more than the length of their lateral sides, and sections of internal helical drum are made from equilateral triangles, at that concrete mixer is equipped with feeder that is rigidly fixed to internal helical drum and is arranged in the form of shell equipped with cone, inside of which double-stage spiral conduit is rigidly fixed, larger diameter step of which with length of at least 1.25 turn is rigidly fixed in shell, and smaller diameter step of spiral conduit is mounted in cantilever manner, at that pitch of larger diameter turns is 1.5 times less than turns pitch.

EFFECT: increased efficiency, quality of concrete, reduction of concrete mixer dimensions with smaller diameter.

2 cl, 10 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the production of building materials and can be used in the construction and production of building materials. The technical solution is to expand technological capabilities.

The technical solution is achieved in that a concrete mixer for preparing concrete, characterized in that it is made in the form of an internal screw drum coaxially mounted in an external screw drum, the surface of which is formed by flat elements discretely located around the perimeter, multidirectional with respect to helical lines of various steps and with a different number of turns directed towards each other, forming helical lines of a constant step, for activation and transportation of bulk components in the horizontal directions towards the supply of mixing water, and the external screw drum for concrete mixing is made in the form of a multi-helical conical drum with multidirectional screw surfaces of equal pitch and equal number of turns directed towards each other, forming helical lines of variable pitch, the outer spiral conical drum and the inner the screw drum is made sectional, while the drum sections are made of alternately connected equilateral and equal single triangles, whose sides are equal to each other, but the bases of the isosceles triangles are longer than the length of their lateral sides, and the sections of the inner screw drum are made of equilateral triangles, while the concrete mixer is equipped with a feeder rigidly mounted with an internal screw drum, made in the form of a shell equipped with a cone, inside of which a two-stage screw winding is fixed rigidly, a step of a larger diameter of which is 1.25 turns long and no less rigidly fixed in the shell, and the step is Sheha diameter helical winding mounted in cantilever fashion, the pitch of the large diameter is 1.5 times less than the pitch of smaller diameter coils.

According to the patent literature not found a technical solution similar to the claimed, which allows us to judge the inventive step of the proposed concrete mixer for the preparation of concrete.

The novelty lies in the fact that the implementation of the outer screw drum and the inner screw drum with helical lines of different pitch, mutually directed towards each other, provides not only intensive mixing of cement and inert components, but also ensures the grinding of inert materials into small fractions. In addition, the implementation of the coaxial concrete mixer reduces its size by almost half, while at the same time as transporting and activating the dry components, there is a change in the direction of their movement after wetting with mixing water and their return in the opposite direction.

The novelty lies in the fact that the implementation of the device in the form of a coaxially mounted external screw drum and an internal screw drum provides not only a reduction in the size of the concrete mixer, but a significant reduction in energy consumption due to the use of heat generated during activation of the concrete mixture during its transportation and mixing with water in outer screw drum.

The novelty is also seen in the fact that during the design of the helical surfaces of the outer helical drum and the inner helical drum with flat elements discretely positioned relative to the helical lines, at each point there are uniformly directed components of movement, which enhances the effect of mixing the concrete mix components, due to the presence of multidirectional flat elements of the surfaces of the outer a helical drum and an internal helical drum. As a result of this, powerful mutually directed flows arise in the cavities of the outer screw drum and the internal screw drum, leading to the destruction of the boundary layers on the granules of gravel, sand, and cement, the mixing of layers of inert components and cement is intensified, the heat transfer area increases, and the heat transfer rate increases significantly, which means and heating the concrete mixture transported in the outer screw drum. With this design, the mixing intensity is ensured as a result of a violation of the stationary motion of the flow of masses of the feedstock and water, the area of heat transfer surfaces of both the concrete mixture components and the walls of the outer screw drum and the inner screw drum increases.

The novelty is also seen in the fact that the concrete mixer for preparation of concrete is equipped with a feeder rigidly mounted with an internal screw drum, made in the form of a shell equipped with a cone, inside of which a rigid two-stage screw winding is fixed, a step of a larger diameter of which is 1.25 turns long and no less rigidly fixed the shell, and the step of the smaller diameter of the screw winding is mounted cantilever, and the pitch of the turns of a large diameter is 1.5 times less than the step of the turns of a smaller diameter, which not only prevents the return of the components of the concrete mixture by the walls of the internal screw drum directed in the opposite direction to the direction of movement of the components of the concrete mixture, but also ensures the reliability of the supply of components from the receiving funnel to the internal screw drum, even in the presence of large granules, as it prevents “jamming” (locking) of the screw for due to its mobility in the transverse direction relative to the receiving funnel due to its console execution.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

figure 1 explains the General view of the proposed concrete mixer for the preparation of concrete;

figure 2 is a top view of figure 1;

figure 3 is a section aa in figure 1;

figure 4 is a section bB in figure 1;

5 is a view a in figure 1;

6 is a design variant of the outer screw drum;

Fig.7 is a view of B in Fig.6;

Fig.8 is a view In Fig.6;

Fig.9 is a design variant of the inner screw drum;

figure 10 - design of the feeder.

Concrete mixer for preparing concrete (figure 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) contains a receiving funnel 1, feeder 2, an internal screw drum 3, a pipe for supplying mixing water 4, an external screw drum 5, a receiving hopper 6, a frame 7 with a fixed it is driven by 8, transmitting rotation from the engine 9 by means of a belt drive 10, gearbox 11, gear 12, crown wheel 13, in which the outer screw drum 5 is rigidly mounted. Support rollers 14 are mounted on the frame 7, on which the support ring 15 rests, which also firmly fixed to the outer screw drum SG 5, wherein rigidly secured coaxial helical inner drum 3.

The inner screw drum 3 is bonded to the outer inner drum 5 using spokes 16 and 17.

Supporting two rollers 18 protect against radial movement of the outer screw drum 5.

The outer inner drum 5 (Fig.6) is made in the form of a helical multi-entry hollow conical column assembled from sections 19, which, in turn, are made of equilateral triangles 20 and isosceles triangles 21, alternately assembled by their sides 22 and 23 with each other . The bases of isosceles triangles 24 are larger than its sides 23 and 22. The number of equilateral 20 and 21 isosceles triangles in section 19 is at least 6, must be an even number and has no restrictions in the direction of their increase. 6, 8, a thickened line shows one of the helical lines of the main direction 25-26-27-28-29 and one of the helical lines of the opposite direction 30-26-31-32-33. This design provides not only intensive mixing of triangles of flat triangles located at an angle to each other and to the longitudinal axis of rotation of the outer screw drum, but due to the natural slope of the outer drum cone, creates conditions for the concrete mixture to move along the horizontal axis.

The inner screw drum 3 (Fig. 9) is mounted from tetrahedral voids assembled from equilateral triangles.

The vertices of the tetrahedra form distinct three-way helical broken lines of the main direction 34-35-36-37-38-39, 40-41-42-43-44, 45-46-47-48-49, with the help of which the components are transported concrete mix from loading in the horizontal direction.

The inner screw drum 3, as can be seen in Fig. 9, has not only three-way helical lines of the main direction of the large pitch along the perimeter, but also two broken helical lines of the opposite direction of the smaller step, opposite to the helical lines of the main direction - the three-way lines. These are lines 48-37-42-46-35-40 and 38-43-47-36-41-45, the pitch of which is 4 times less than the step of three-way lines of the main direction 4 times.

Since the number and pitch of helical lines of the main direction is greater than the number and pitch of helical lines of the opposite direction, cement and inert materials are not only intensively mixed, but also transported from the load in the horizontal direction.

The feeder 2 consists (Fig. 10) of a large diameter screw winding 50, which is rigidly attached (welded, for example) along its outer diameter to the shell 51, which, in turn, is rigidly attached to the flange 52. The flange 52 has holes for fixing the whole the power device is rigidly to the flange of the internal screw drum 3. The shell 51 is equipped with a cone 53, which includes a cylindrical nozzle of the receiving funnel 1 (figure 1). A screw cord 54 is rigidly attached to the screw winding 50, the diameter of which is smaller than the diameter of the cylindrical nozzle of the receiving funnel 1. The step of the screw winding 50 is 1.5 times less than the step of the screw winding 54, and in the screw winding 50 at least 1.25 turns, which provides overlap the inlet of the inner screw drum 3 and does not allow the return of the concrete mixture components by the walls of the internal screw drum directed in the opposite direction to the direction of movement of the concrete mixture components.

The cantilever fastening of a smaller diameter screw winding, which directly carries out the transportation of components from the outlet of the receiving funnel 1, provides not only the manufacturability of the assembly of the device nodes, but also the reliability of the receiver, protecting it from breakdowns in the event of oversized granules of materials, which is ensured by the mobility and flexibility of the cantilevered turns of small diameter screw winding 54. Since the receiver 2 is fixed rigidly with the internal screw drum 3 and receives rotation from it, This eliminates the need for a special drive for feeder 2, which simplifies the design of the concrete mixer as a whole and reduces energy consumption.

The proposed concrete mixer operates as follows. Cement and inert gravel with sand in a continuous stream are loaded into a receiving funnel, from which they are fed into the internal cavity of the internal screw drum by means of a feeder 2. The inner drum 3 transports cement and inert sand and gravel to meet the mixing water flowing into the cavity of the inner screw drum 3 supplied by the pipe 4. In the process of transporting the concrete mixture components of the inner drum 3, dry components and cement are activated, their large fractions are destroyed into smaller ones, intensive mixing of cement particles in volumes of inert materials, as well as uniform distribution of sand particles in gravel particles. Moreover, since the mixing process is carried out before the start of the mixing process with water, the quality of mixing dry components is much higher and the mixing process is reduced in time.

The dry concrete mixture is transported towards the flow of mixing water, counter flows are created and the semi-liquid concrete mixture flows from the internal cavity of the screw drum 3 into the internal cavity of the external screw drum 5, in which the concrete mixing process finally takes place and the finished concrete is led into the receiving hopper 6. In the process of activating dry the components of the concrete mixture in the inner screw drum 3, heat is generated, which is due to the large surface area of the inner screw drum and intense traffic The boundary layers of dry components are transferred to the walls of the internal screw drum and through these walls of the concrete mixture transported in the internal cavity of the external screw drum 5, i.e. the concrete mixture is heated.

Technical appraisal and economic advantages of the invention arise due to the reduction of overall dimensions, increase of efficiency as a result of intensification of the mixing process with an increase in the interaction of the mass flows of the concrete mix components in dry form and intensification of the interaction process of the opposed mixing water flows and the mass flows of the concrete mix components thoroughly mixed beforehand distributed in these masses of particles of cement due to the use of heat generated during activation of dry components for heating the concrete mixture at betonosmeshivanii, by eliminating the individual drive of the feeder and its rotation by the internal screw of the drum.

Claims (2)

1. Concrete mixer for the preparation of concrete, characterized in that it is made in the form of an internal screw drum coaxially mounted in an external screw drum, the surface of which is formed by flat elements discretely spaced around the perimeter, multidirectional with respect to helical lines of various steps and with a different number of opposite directions to each other turns forming constant-pitch helical lines for activating and transporting loose components in horizontal directions I do not have to supply mixing water, and the external helical drum for concrete mixing is made in the form of a multi-helical conical drum with multidirectional helical surfaces of equal pitch and equal number of turns directed towards each other, forming helical lines of variable pitch, and the outer helical conical drum and the inner helical drum are made sectional while the sections of the drum are made of alternately connected along the perimeter of equilateral and isosceles triangles, the sides of which are equal to each other but a base of isosceles triangles greater than the length of the sides and of the inner drum screw sections are made of equilateral triangles. 2. Concrete mixer for the preparation of concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a feeder rigidly mounted with an internal screw drum, made in the form of a shell equipped with a cone, inside of which a rigid two-stage screw winding is fixed, a larger diameter step of at least 1.25 length the coil is fixed rigidly in the shell, and the step of the smaller diameter of the screw winding is mounted cantilever, and the pitch of the coils of large diameter is 1.5 times less than the pitch of the coils of smaller diameter.

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