RU2350806C1 - Tooth inertial self-balancing mechanism - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: mechanism consists of body (1), bearing supports and pair-wise equivalent unbalance units. The said units - initial (2, 2') and additional (5 and 5', 8 and 8',…, 11i and 11_i') are assembled in one body (1) into two equivalent rows (a and b). Also the said unbalance units connected between them with meshing of their tooth wheel pairs (4 and 4', 7 and 7', 10 and 10',…,13i and 13_i) successively in a multiple order and kinematically; the unbalance units are arranged in bearing supports. The equivalent rows (a and b) are kinematically tied between them by meshing of tooth wheels (4 and 4') with their initial unbalance units (2 and 2'). The amount of additional equivalent pairs of units added to the initial pair, also the order of rotation frequency of each of them relative to the initial one, angles of phases shift of each additional pair relative to the initial one, as well as static moments of unbalance of each additional pair of units is chosen under condition of the maximum unbalance of total directed inertia force and under condition of obtaining required quasi-static operational force.

EFFECT: expands process functions of mechanism and reduces power resources consumption.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering, namely to gear inertial self-balancing mechanisms, is aimed at expanding their technological capabilities and the effectiveness of their use in inertial drive, converting and actuating devices, as well as in load and testing machines and can be used in civil, industrial, energy and road construction.

Known gear inertial self-balancing mechanisms consisting of one, two, three and even four pairs of equivalent unbalanced links, including unbalanced gears and shafts that are rigidly connected to each other, creating directional inertial forces when the unbalanced links rotate in opposite directions, periodically and symmetrically changing along harmonic value, designed to excite oscillations and widely used in various vibration devices and machines.

[A.O. Spivakovsky, I. F. Goncharevich, “Vibration conveyors, feeders, auxiliary devices”, M., Mechanical Engineering, 1972, pp. 77-88; S.S.Dobronravov. Reference book “Building machines and equipment”. M., Higher School, 1991, pp. 218-219; V.N. Ermolenko, P.N. Nesterenko, RF patent No. 2051851 dated 09/22/1993 for the invention of the "Vibroconveyor", SU 1780539, according to the application No. 93045465; V.N. Ermolenko, P.N. Nesterenko, B.S. Oding, patent of the Russian Federation No. 48333 dated 12/27/2004 for the utility model “Vibro punching injection device”, RU 48333 U1, according to the application No. 2004138460].

These mechanisms have the attractive ability of seemingly simple means (changing the rotation speed, radius of inertia and mass of unbalances) to create significant directed inertial forces.

However, at the same time, the rapid growth of centrifugal forces, the frequency and symmetry of their changes in magnitude in a given direction, suitable for exciting vibrations, make these mechanisms ineffective, for example, in drives of immersion devices or heavy vibrator machines (due to the need for significant weight gains, high energy costs and dynamic environmental effects environment) and completely unsuitable in power devices requiring unilaterally directed forces.

A gear inertial self-balancing mechanism (taken as a prototype), designed to excite vibrations and use vibro conveyors, vibro-separators, etc., is also known. vibratory machines, consisting of two pairs of pairwise equivalent synchronously rotating unbalanced links in opposite directions, and, in order to increase the speed of vibrotransport due to the creation of different accelerations in opposite directions in a directed oscillatory process, one of these equivalent pairs is connected to another equivalent pair by gear wheels with a transmission 1: 2 ratio and rotates at double speed relative to the first, while this inertial self-balancing mechanism creates a disturbing directional th inertial force varies in magnitude from time to time, but asymmetrically, for "biharmonic" law [Patente schrift №955756 (DFR) kl. 8 / e, Gr. 53, 10.1.1957 g .; Prospekt "Dhe Deister Koncentrator Kompani", 1960; I.I. Blekhman, G.Yu. Dzhanelidze "Vibrational displacements". M., Science, 1964, pp. 262-264, p. 319; A.O. Spivakovsky, I. F. Goncharevich “Vibration conveyors, feeders, auxiliary devices”, M., Mechanical Engineering, 1972, pp. 89-99].

In our opinion, the technological capabilities of this mechanism are limited due to insufficient asymmetry, which is the ratio of the largest value of the total directed inertial force to the smallest and for a gear self-balancing biharmonic mechanism equal to two. It is impossible to achieve the large asymmetry values required to create, for example, high-performance conveyors, load-bearing, shock-free pressing and pulling, and many other directional power devices using the biharmonic mechanism, and therefore its practical application is negligible.

Thus, the task of creating the proposed technical solution and its technical result is to further increase the efficiency of gear inertial self-balancing mechanisms by eliminating these shortcomings, expanding technological capabilities and reducing energy consumption.

The named technical result is achieved by the fact that the gear inertial self-balancing mechanism is polyharmonic, and the pairwise equivalent unbalanced links are successively multiplicatively connected to each other by meshing their gears in two equivalent rows and mounted in bearing bearings of the bearing walls of the housing so that the gear wheels of the initial links of ordinary compounds are kinematically also connected with each other. It is provided that the number of additional equivalent pairs of links attached to the initial pair, the order of the rotation frequency of each of them relative to the initial one, the phase angle of each additional pair relative to the initial one, as well as the static moments of unbalance of each additional pair of links are selected from the condition of greatest asymmetry the total directed inertial force and the conditions for obtaining the necessary working quasistatic force.

The proposed technical solution has significant advantages over analogues and prototype and, having the presented structural elements and the connections between them, creates broad prospects for using the expanded functional and technological capabilities of gear inertial self-balancing polyharmonic mechanisms. Due to their inherent capabilities, namely:

the formation of any, including necessary, unilaterally directed quasistatic inertial forces designed to create various power devices; the formation of any, including necessary, directed asymmetric inertial forces designed to excite asymmetric oscillations;

conversion of rotational motion into reciprocating;

combined use as both a drive and an actuator,

- to develop unified series of new highly reliable gear inertial polyharmonic self-balancing mechanisms for both drive and actuating devices, as well as for solving various technological problems;

- to develop unified series of new high-performance vibratory conveyors, vibration-absorbing and pressing devices, with a simultaneous significant decrease in specific indicators of energy consumption.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows a diagram of a gear inertial self-balancing polyharmonic mechanism, figure 2 is a diagram of the inertial force of a four-stage gear inertial self-balancing polyharmonic mechanism.

The mechanism includes a housing, bearing bearings and pairwise equivalent unbalanced links, including rigidly connected to each other pairwise equivalent unbalanced gears and shafts.

In a single housing 1 pairwise equivalent unbalanced links - 2 and 2 ', 5 and 5', 8 and 8 ', ..., 11 _i and 11 _i ' with certain design parameters of the gears - 4 and 4 ', 7 and 7', 10 and 10 ', ..., 13 _i and 13 _i ' and certain calculated static moments of unbalance - 3 and 3 ', 6 and 6', 9 and 9 ', ..., 12 _i and 12 _i ' (initial - 2 and 2 ', and additional - 5 and 5 ', 8 and 8', ..., 11 _i and 11 _i ') are placed in two equivalent series - a) and b). At the same time, the named unbalanced links are successively kinematically in a multiplicative order, by means of engagement of their gear wheelsets 4 and 4 ', 7 and 7', 10 and 10 ', ..., 13 _i and 13 _i ' are interconnected and mounted in bearing bearings with the ability to rotate in opposite directions in pairs synchronously and in phase, for which equivalent rows are kinematically connected with each other by meshing gears 4 and 4 'of their initial unbalanced links 2 and 2'. (The presence or absence of a kinematic connection of additional pairwise equivalent units between themselves in the horizontal plane does not affect the functionality of the mechanism.)

Such a construction forms a closed kinematic chain and, according to the theory of mechanisms and machines, is a gear inertial self-balancing polyharmonic mechanism.

The mechanism works as follows.

, весь механизм создает в результате геометрического сложения общую суммарную направленную инерционную силу

, периодически изменяющуюся по величине по несимметричному полигармоническому закону (фиг.2).Through mechanical transmission (for example, a belt or chain), torque from the engine is supplied to any of the unbalanced links of any of the equivalent rows (not shown). The multiplicative procedure for constructing the mechanism, in turn, allows you to choose the most appropriate link for connecting the drive in terms of energy and energy saving and the external working layout of the product. When equivalent pairs of unbalanced links 2 and 2 ', 5 and 5', 8 and 8 ', ..., 11 _i and 11'i rotate in opposite directions, each of them, being an independent harmonic, creates a total directional inertial force

, the whole mechanism creates, as a result of geometric addition, a total total directed inertial force

, periodically changing in magnitude according to an asymmetric polyharmonic law (figure 2).

The formation of the necessary directed inertial force and its greatest asymmetry is carried out by changing the quantitative and qualitative set of additional pairwise equivalent unbalanced links i, their order P _i (the ratio of the rotation frequency of each additional link to the initial one), the static moments of unbalances of each additional pair and the phase angles ε _i between them and the initial links. The task of selecting and determining the parameters of additional pairwise equivalent unbalanced links is to increase the directed “positive” part of the inertial force and reduce the opposite - “negative”, i.e. increase its asymmetry and at the same time obtain the necessary working value of the directed inertial quasistatic force.

Preliminary calculations show (Fig. 2) that even with a four-stage gear inertial self-balancing polyharmonic mechanism, it is possible to obtain, by small means, a four-fold increase in the asymmetry of directed inertial forces for actuators and five-fold for actuators (respectively). This can be effectively used when creating asymmetric disturbing forces for vibration dampers or quasistatic forces for pressing devices, which confirms the increased functional technological capabilities of gear inertial self-balancing mechanisms.

The technical and economic effect of the use of the proposed technical solution is expressed in the creation on the basis of the obtained technical result of new high-performance energy-saving technologies and devices, primarily for the construction industry.

To date, based on the technical result of the proposed technical solution, the following have been completed:

design and construction work of shockless pressing devices for silent immersion of reinforced concrete piles of all standard sizes in accordance with GOST 19804.0-78, and an experimental model of this device is under construction at RUSSO-BALT TYAZHEX;

design and construction work of vibro-punching and vibro-punching injection devices for the manufacture of high quality printed piles of increased bearing capacity without excavation.

Vibration drives for vibro conveyors and quasistatic soil pressure amplifiers for road rollers are in the preliminary design stage.

Claims (2)

1. Toothed inertial self-balancing mechanism comprising a housing, bearing bearings, pairwise equivalent unbalanced links in the form of pairwise equivalent pairwise equivalent unbalanced gears and shafts, characterized in that it is made polyharmonic, while pairwise equivalent unbalanced links are sequentially in multiplicative order connected to each other by engaging their gears in two equivalent rows and mounted in bearing bearings of the bearing walls of the housing, and gears e wheels of the initial links of ordinary connections are kinematically also connected to each other. 2. The gear inertial self-balancing mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of additional equivalent pairs of links attached to the initial pair, the order of the frequency of rotation of each of them with respect to the initial one, the phase angles of each additional pair relative to the initial, as well as static moments the unbalances of each additional pair of links are selected from the condition of greatest asymmetry of the total directed inertial force and the conditions for obtaining the necessary working quasistatic force.

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